Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pengaruh Adisi Nano-TiO2 pada Bahan Bakar Diesel Pertamina Dex pada Emisi Gas Buang
Full text linkThe increase in the number of diesel vehicles in Indonesia leads to increased demand for diesel fuel energy, so the use of fuel must be managed as effectively and efficiently as possible. In this research, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticle additives to Pertamina Dex was carried out, using ultrasonic bath method. Each batch of synthesis was carried out in a capacity of 200 mL for 20 minutes, with a loading variation of Nano-TiO2 in Pertamina Dex from 0 mg/L to 200 mg/L. Then they were tested for physical properties such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value. They also tested for emission test. It was found that physical properties such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value of Pertamina Dex-Nano TiO2 did not change significantly. As of emission test, hydrocarbon emission test result showed 80% decrease, NOx emission test result showed 51% decrease, CO emission test result showed 47% decrease, CO2 emission test result showed 29% increase. Decrease of NOx achieved by lowering peak flame temperature after Nano-TiO2 was added. Decrease of hydrocarbon, decrease of CO and increase of CO2 emission achieved by higher rate of perfect combustion, from O2 supplied by Nano-TiO2
Limbah Partikel Keramik Platinum dan Kaca Lampu Clear Philips sebagai Additive Semen Pengeboran ditinjau Compressive Strength, Shear Bond Strength, dan Thickening Time
Full text linkCeramic and glass particle waste is generated in large quantities as a result of their extensive use in various applications. Inappropriate disposal of the waste can lead to environmental degradation and health hazards. This research utilizes ceramic and glass wastes as drilling cement additives in the oil and gas industry. The objective of this research is to study the effect of adding ceramic and glass waste on the properties of drilling cement, including compressive strength, shear bond strength, and thickening time. With composition percentage ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, and 40% by weight of cement, the slurry was poured into 1.2x2 inch cubic molds to test compressive strength and into 1.2x2 inch cylindrical molds to test shear bond strength. The findings of this study indicate that the addition of ceramic and glass waste as a drilling cement additive has a positive effect on compressive strength, shear bond strength, and thickening time and is also effective for use as an alternative additive in drilling cement operation
Review: Biomassa Sebagai Adsorbent untuk Pengolahan Logam Berat Pada Air Limbah Industri
Full text linkIndustrial wastewater generally contains heavy metalssuch as lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium and mercury. Contamination of water with these elements is very dangerous and will pollute the environment, so a suitable waste water treatment is required. This review aims to find out the efficient methods of handling industrial wastewater and the benefits of biomass. Many scientific methods are used in this regard, including adsorption, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, coagulation and flocculation. However, some of these techniques have drawbacks such aswill produce a large amount of metal sludge, making it difficult to recycle metal, and the formation of toxic sludge or other wastes. Of all these techniques, adsorption with adsorbent biomasshas been widely known because it is an economical, effective and environmentally friendly processing technique, so this method is suitable for treating industrial wastewater. The use of biomass as an adsorbent is intendedto help reduce dependence on fossil raw materials and greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change
Analisa Kandungan Logam Berat Krom pada Air Sumur Menggunakan Spektrofotometri
Full text linkClean water has many uses in human daily life. The quality of clean water can be seen from three aspects: chemical, physical, and biological. Chromium (VI) or Cr (VI) is one type of heavy metal that can be harmful to human health if it is present in water because it is carcinogenic. This research will determine the level of chromium in well water samples in the Kalipecabean, Keputih, Kapas Madya, Nginden, and Madura areas using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and compare it with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 32/MENKES/PER/2017. The initial stage of the experiment includes the preparation of reagent solutions, followed by the calibration of the instrument and the preparation of a standard curve by making standard solutions with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm. The standard solutions are then tested for their absorbance using a spectrophotometer. The final stage is adding reagents to the water samples and measuring their absorbance using a spectrophotometer. From the results of the study, it was found that the levels of chromium in the well water samples in the Kalipecabean, Keputih, Kapas Madya, Nginden, and Madura areas are 0.004 ppm, 0.005 ppm, 0.005 ppm, 0.002 ppm, and 0.003 ppm, respectively. The experimental results show that the level of chromium contained in the well water is relatively low and still meets the maximum chromium content level in water according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 32/MENKES/PER/2017
Modifikasi Coating Pada Permukaan Implan Ti-6Al-4VELI Berbasis Kombinasi Hidroksiapatit Cangkang Rajungan dan Polycaprolactone
Full text linkTi-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials) is widely used material in orthopedics with its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, in application it has a risk of corrosion caused by body fluids exposure as a results in inhibitation of tissue growth. Therefore, in this study modification of the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI implan by coating Hydroxyapatite (HAp) combined with Polycaprolactone (PCL) using the dip coating method was carried out. The effect of HAp/PCL coating on implant morphology is investigated. Moreover, the effects of HAp/PCL concentrations on surface roughness, corrosion rates, and coating thickness are elucidated. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite of crab shells synthesized in a compliance with Food and Drug Association standards, i.e., Ca content of 93.03%. The functional groups confirmed with HAp standard chart JCPDS no. 09-0432 with crystallinity of 88.32%. The post-coated implant showed the coating thickness range of 140-200 µm and roughness average of 120-129 nm. In addition, the corrosion rate showed 0,043-0,33 mmpy which also complied with medical standard
Preparation and Characterization of Ni/H-ZSM-5 Catalysts for Producing Green Diesel from Palmitic Acid
Full text linkBiofuel is a promising alternative as a sustainable energy resource in the transportation sector in Indonesia. Green diesel is one of biofuels that can be produced from feedstock containing fatty acid. Fatty acid conversion to green diesel can be conducted via hydrodecarboxylation or hydrodeoxygenation process. Catalyst Ni/H-ZSM-5 is a potential catalyst to convert fatty acid to n-alkane which is the main component in green diesel. In this work, we prepared Ni/H-ZSM-5 catalyst with various Ni loading of 7%, 13%, 18%, and 25%, respectively. The catalysts were synthesized according to a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. Those catalysts were characterized with X-ray fluorescence, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and NH3-TPD. The highest nickel-loading catalyst, Ni 25%/H-ZSM-5, gave the best dispersion. NH3-TPD results showed the presence of two acid sites, namely Brønsted acid site and Lewis acid site. The presence of Brønsted acid sites is crucial to facilitate fatty acid conversion to n-alkane
Sintesis Surfaktan Non-ionik Berbasis Asam Palmitat Melalui Reaksi Esterifikasi dengan Gliserol
Full text linkEsterification of glycerol using the fatty acids is one of methods that is widely used in the conversion of glycerol to synthesize products containing monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Among the various types of surfactants, monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are the most widely used of non-ionic surfactants in many industries such as food, pharmacy and cosmetic. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the conversion of palmitic acid and the concentration fraction of products. This research was conducted in a batch system with the temperature variations of 80°C, 100°C and 120°C; using 1% HCl catalyst concentration of palmitic acid mass, and reactant mole ratio of 1:1 (glycerol: palmitic acid). Samples were taken every 10 min during 120 min of reaction, to be analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine the concentration fraction of products. The experimental results showed that increasing temperature enhanced the products formation, thus, increased the fraction concentration of products. However, the highest conversion of palmitic acid (80.14%) was obtained at 120°C, with concentration fraction of 1.67% monoacylglycerol (MAG), 10.96% diacylglycerol (DAG) and 6.01% triacylglycerol (TAG)
Pengaruh Morfologi Anionik Flokulan terhadap Performa Koagulasi Nira PG. Krembong PTPN X
Full text linkThe problem that occurs in Indonesia is the consumption of sugar that is greater than its production which causes the inability of the sugar industry to supply the demand of all consumers. One of the problems that occured is caused by the large number of raw materials that are still imported, including the flocculant used in this case, namely Anionic Polyacrylamide flocculant. Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM) was first developed using an alkaline hydrolysis process. Until now, APAM manufacturing technology has undergone many developments. However, there are only few research conducted on Anionic poly flocculant (SA-co-A) regarding the influence of polymer properties and the efficiency of its use in the sugar refining process, therefore research was conducted on the influence of Anionic flocculant morphology on the coagulation-flocculation performance of sap at Krembong PTPN X sugar factory to reduce costs in the sugar production process. In this study, poly (SA-co-A) synthesis was carried out as a flocculant to be used in the sugar refining process. The steps used are adding acrylic acid, acrylamide and sodium carbonate which are then added with the NaOH solution. The next step is the synthesis of poly(SA-co-A), the synthesis process is carried out with a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours which has previously been added with ammonium persulfate. This study was conducted on the concentration ratio between acrylic acid and acrylamide which uses 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 variables. The resulting flocculants will be tested for flocculant FTIR test, flocculant SEM test, NMR test, settling speed test, mud volume test, pH test, TDS test, turbidity test on sugar’s sap to determine the effect of adding the flocculant. Based on the research that has been done, optimal flocculant performance was obtained, namely on the variable of poly(SA-co-A) 60:40 dose 2.5 ppm, whereas the results are almost equal or even better than commercial flocculant performance. With the removal percentage for the speed of precipitation and the volume of precipitation increases up to 4.5 and 2 times. Then for TDS and turbidity dropped to 14% and 86%
Pemanfaatan Membran Selulosa Bakteri dari Limbah Kulit Pisang sebagai Matriks Masker Antioksidan
Full text linkBanana skins have several potential applications in the health and beauty industries. Through a fermentation process with the help of Acetobacter xylinum, it produces banana skin bacterial cellulose. It is possible to further process this cellulose into a face mask matrix. Bacterial cellulose has biodegradable properties, a low toxicity value, and a good absorption ability to be applied as a face mask matrix. The addition of serum to the mask matrix aims to focus on the function of the formulated matrix. Methods: filtering the sample; making nata de banana skin with different fermentation times; making a matrix mask; matrix mask characterization; and data analysis. The results of the study showed that the variation of different fermentation times can affect the resulting cellulose products. The optimal fermentation time for producing nata was 10 days, resulting in a thickness of 0.92 cm. Then, the evaluation tensile strength test on the mask matrix revealed the highest value was also a 10-day fermentation variation, 3.000–10.000 kg/cm2. And last, the best test of the release of vitamin C is the 10-day fermentation variation
Penentuan Dimensi Pipa Pada Lapangan Panasbumi Gedongsongo
Full text linkTo meet the demand for electricity in the Ungaran area in particular, it is necessary to build geothermal power in the Gedongsongo area, but there are no production facilities, both below and on the surface, so the authors plan production facilities on the surface, regarding the selection of optimum pipe diameters. The goal is to build a power plant with a capacity of 110 MWe based on the optimum diameter, which provides the smallest possible loss of pressure and temperature and the maximum possible mass flow, for this the authors use the pressure loss profiles from Begg and Brill and temperature loss using the 1st law of thermodynamics, With two-dimensional Newton Rapson manipulation, it can be seen that the drop in pressure and temperature at the exit point simultaneously on a pipe segment. In this field, there are 4 clusters, including: cluster 1 (4 wells), cluster 2 (5 wells), cluster 4 (2 wells), each 2 wells served by 1 separator, starting from the pressure of each wellhead 15 Barg, dryness 0.25 and rate 105.5 kg/s, insulation thickness 8 cm, polyurethane type, pipe length from wellhead to separator 150 m, resulting in pipe diameter from 18-24 in, minimum thickness from 30.82-39.62 mm, pressure drop 0.55 Barg, temperature 1.67 oC, from separator to turbine input, pipe 50-1200 m long, yield diameter from 16-48 in, minimum thickness 25.01-61.50 mm, pressure drop 1.61 Barg, temperature 3.11 oC, with a generated power of 154 MW