Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Uji Evektivitas Larutan Pembersih Kerak Falling Film Plate Evaporator di Pabrik Gula Sulfitasi
No full textIn an effort to improve energy efficiency of the evaporator station, Falling Film Plate Evaporator (FFPE)can be used as solution. Though it indicated an improved performance of evaporator station there has been aserious problems of hard scales formation. Chemical cleaning with commercial formula wasn’t effectiveenough to remove scale at normal operation period. As interim effort the problems is approach by shorteningoperation cycle of FFPE to 8-10 days to prevent thicker scale formation. Therefore research is needed tolook for an effectives and friendly formula for FFPE scales cleaning. The preliminary results showedthat FFPE scale with working cycle of 8-10 days was thin, less than 1 mm thickness and weight of 2.89mg/cm2. The scale has a soft texture, a bit fragile and blackist brown colour. The KA and KB (Kom - 2)combination was more effective than single one (Kom - 1). The factory trial shows that the performanceof FFPE was better after cleaning than before. After acid cleaning and washing the bottom of plate pack wascleaner
Distribusi Konsentrasi COD dan TSS pada Pengolahan Limbah Tahu dengan menggunakan Reaktor Alir Pipa
No full textLiquid waste in tofu industry has the COD and TSS values that exceed the environmental quality standards.The high value of COD and TSS liquid waste in tofu industry is caused by the high organic level.The organic content from tofu industry can be lowered by a fermentation process using a reactor.This study is conducted to investigate the effect of the reactor’s length to the decreasing level of COD and TSS liquid waste of tofu industry with fermentation method using cow intestines as starter.This research was conducted by varying the sampling length of the reactor’s flow pipe from 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm.The process was done within 45 days and a loading rate of 0.8 L/5 days.Based on the results of the research, time and sampling length affect the % of the decreasing level of COD and TSS.The fermentation process using flow pipe reactor enables the COD to get lower, up to 98.57% with the COD value of 196 mg/L at 80 cm sampling length on day 45, while the TSS can be lowered up to 77.38% with TSS value of 38 mg/L at 80 cm sampling length on day 45. The values of COD and TSS have met the environmental quality standards based on the number 02 of2011 East Kalimantan provincial
Synthesis of Palm Oil Based Nano Carbon Using Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis
No full textIn this experiment, nano carbon material was synthesized with nebulized spray pyrolysis method using palm oil. The catalyst used in this study was ferrocene with a concentration of 0.015 g/ml; 0,020 g/ml; and 0.025 g/ml. The catalyst was contacted with carbon precursors using floating catalyst method. The carrier gas used in this study was nitrogen gas at a rate of 1.21 sccm. Nebulized process was conducted for 30 minutes with an operating temperature of 650°C; 700°C; 750°C; 800°C; 850°C; and 900°C. In this study, nano carbon material was synthesized by deposition directly on the walls of the tube / stainless steel reactor so no need a substrate as a growth medium carbon nano. The characteristics of nano carbon material was analyzed by several methods, such as SEM, EDS and XRD. The XRD analysis of carbon sample synthesized at 0.025 g/ml catalyst and all variations of temperature showed the presence of the C (002) and C (100) peak indicated a graphitic structures. From SEM observation, it can be seen that the structure of carbon nano spheres were found at temperature of 700°C and mixtures of nanotubes and nanospheres were established at temperature above 800°C
Ekstraksi Senyawa Tanin dari Biji Alpukat (Persea americana mill.) menggunakan Pelarut Air Subkritis
No full textHydrothermal extraction of tannic acid from avocado seed using Subcritical water as a solvent wasevaluated at temperatures of 110oC, 120oC and 130oC, extraction time of 30-150 minutes and performedunder batch condition using Batch reactor, This method is easy to do and Enviromental-friendly. TheAnalytical method that used in this research was Spectrophotometry UV-Vis Method. Folin ciocalteau usedas a reagent that indicate Tannic Acid amount in Avocado seed extract. Under hydrothermal condition,water act as a extremely good solvent despite of its unique characteristics, high ion product and lowdielectric constant, moreover, in these condition, there is possibility for the occurence of tannic acid fromavocado seed. As a result, The total phenolic compound increased significantly from 110oC to 120oC andslowly decreased when temperature rised. Tannic acid is very sensitive to high temperature. The result of thisresearch showed that the optimum extraction temperature was at 120oC with 30 minutes of extraction time.The highest yield of tannic acid could approach 81 mg/kg of sample. Hydrothermal extraction isconsiderable method to isolate tannic acid and phenolic compounds from the waste of biomass
Alternatif Pra Rancangan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (Ipal) Industri Rumah Potong Hewan (Studi kasus rumah potong hewan Giwangan, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta)
Get PDFThe waste water treatment at slaughterhouse is very important as the effort for reducing the consentration of the waste water pollutant to the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the system and design tocalculate the dimension of the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Giwangan slaughterhouse as a case study and to calculate its construction cost. The waste water treatment plant in Giwangan slaughterhouse use a biological treatment without standard operation. In the first stage, the research was conducted by calculating the water discharge and was tested the wastewater parameters (such as BOD, COD, TSS, N-Ammonia, Lipid and pH). After the data were collected, the system was determined. Then in the last stage, dimension and construction cost are calculated. The alternatives of pre redesign for Giwangan slaughterhouse WWTP system consist of bar screen, imhoff tank, preliminary sedimentation unit, anaerobic biofilter reactor, aerobic biofilter reactor, secondary sedimentation unit, bioindicator unit and sludge drying bed unit. The dimensions of these unit are imhoff tank (length = 4.6 m, width = 2.5 m, high = 4.0 m), preliminary sedimentation unit (length = 1.5 m, width = 1.3 m, high = 2.0 m), anaerobic biofilter reactor (length = 3.7; width = 2.0 m, high = 2.5 m), aerobic biofilter reactor (length = 2.0 m, width = 1.9 m, high = 2.5 m), secondary sedimentation unit (length = 1.0 m, width = 1.3 m, high = 1.0 m), bioindicator unit (length = 2.0 m, width = 1.5 m, high = 1.0 m) and 3 unit of sludge drying bed unit (length = 1.0 m, width = 1.0 m, high = 1.0 m). The total budget required for construction was Rp 717.129.718,10
Solid Biofuel dari Campuran Tongkol Jagung dan Tempurung Kelapa dengan Metode Hydrothermalsebagai Substituen Energi dalam Upaya Reduksi Sampah Pertanian
Get PDFHydrothermal treatment is a thermochemical process that using subcritical water for converting biomass to produce high calorific biofuel. In this method, water actsas reactant, as well as medium of reaction. Experiments was conducted in temperature range of 200-270°C, holding time of 20-40 minutes, biomasswater ratio from 1:7.5 to 1:15 at various composition of coconut shell-corn cob. Based on experimental results, it was found that higher calorific value biofuels produced from treatments with higher temperature since more biomass was decomposed into more carbonaceous products. In addition, longer holding time also raised calorific value due to more complete decomposition. It was also indicated that increasing amount of biomass of the feed raised the calorific value of product. The highest calorific value of product of 5,12 kcal/kg was obtained from the treatment of 270°C, holding time of 30 minutes, biomass-water ratio of 1:10 at the coconut shell-corn cob ratio of 1:
Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dan Gelatin sebagai Bahan Pengikat pada Pembuatan Tablet Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L)
No full textMangosteenis one of thefavorite fruits are favored by the people of Indonesia.Mangosteen is a plant that has a high economic value because in addition to consume fruit, mangosteen peel can also beused in traditional medicine, namely to treat upset stomach, diarrhea, dysentery, and wound infections.The main content of the compounds contained in the skin ofthe mangosteen is axanthone has anti microbial properties, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and can inhibit the growth of colon cancercells. Mangosteen rind discarded, it can be developed as drug candidates. Tablets in solid dosage forms containing drug with or with out filler.Binder affects the quality ofthe physical tablet. This study usedthe CMC(Carboxymethyl celulose) and gelatin as a binderin the manufacture of tablets mangosteen skin.Research is descriptive research. The object under study is mangosteen skin tablet. This study covers the water contentand physical characteristics of skin mangosteen tablets. The result showed mangosteen skin moisture content of 67.11% and 32.89% mangosteen skin powder. And the results of the study of physical characteristics of tablets obtained the optimum results from the binder used is a tablet with the addition of CMC mangosteen peel 15 grams. Achieved average weight uniformity(CV) was4.18%. Tablet hardness was 5.93kg. Fragility tablet is 0.46%. Tablet disintegration time was 8.89minutes
Ekstraksi Hidrotermal Senyawa Paradol dari Jahe
No full textGinger contains a variety of active constituents. The active constituents of ginger are very diverse and varied.The diversity of the active constituents of ginger can depend on the type of ginger, ginger planting locationand circumstances of ginger (fresh or dried). One of the ginger active constituents that reported having somepharmacological activities is paradol. Several extraction methods have been carried out to obtain the activecompound of ginger, paradol. Hydrothermal extraction has gaining many interests from the researches due tothe unique properties of subcritical water used in the hydrothermal process. This research objective was tostudy the effect of extraction parameter process i.e. reaction temperature (1300C and 1400C) and time (10-40minutes). Hydrothermal extraction process carried out at a fix pressure of 2 bar. The research showed that thehydrothermal extraction process carried out at a fix pressure of 2 bar, a temperature of 1300C and extractiontime of 20 minutes was able to produce extracts with paradol content of 19%. The hydrothermal extractionprocess carried out at a temperature of 1300C, a pressure of 2 bar for 10 minutes can produce extractscontaining paradol of 16%, while the hydrothermal extraction process carried out at a temperature of 1300C,a pressure of 2 bar for 30 minutes is only able to produce extracts containing paradol of 6%
Investigasi Sifat Bahan Bakar Campuran Disel Minyak Bumi dan Biodisel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit, Minyak Jarak dan Minyak Kanola
No full textBiodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from various biomass which is very abundant in Indonesia. The physical properties of biodiesel are similar to those of petroleum diesel, but the fuel significantly reduces green house gas emission and toxic air pollutants. However, there are some disadvantages of biodiesel such as vulnerable to water contamination, lower energy content as well as having problems at low temperatures. Biodiesel can be blended and used in many different concentrations. Indonesia government has launched a policy of biodiesel mix gradually to 30% in 2020. To ensure that policy implementation, a study of blending biodiesel from Palm oil, Jatropha oil and Canola oil has been carried out with various compositions. Some thermophysical properties of the mixture have been investigated in accordance to ASTM standard. The measurement result of biodiesel blends fuel varies according to the mixture composition and origin of biodiesel. Generally, the properties of Palm oil and Canola oil biodiesel blend fuel can meet the standards that apply in Indonesia but biodiesel from Jatropha oil cannot meet the quality standards for oxidation stability. Antioxidant can be used to improve the oxidation stability of biodiesel and its mixture
Pembuatan Arang Aktif dari Serbuk Kayu Meranti Merah dengan Aktivator H 3 PO 4
No full textRed meranti wood dust is one of the wastes generated from the plywood industry. Red meranti wood dust contains 55.2% cellulose. The cellulose content can be converted to carbon through carbonization process. To increase the absorption capacity, the carbon is activated chemically and physically into active carbon. Active carbon can be used as an absorbent and purifying agent in the chemical industries, food or beverage, pharmaceutical, and as a catalyst. This study aims to find out the effect of the H3PO4 concentration in producing active carbon. The carbonization is done using pyrolysis proess at a temperature of 500C for 2 hours. The the carbon is chemically activated using H3PO4 activator with concentration variation of 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5% for 24 hours, and physically activated in the furnace at a temperature of 900 C 1 hour. The best result is in the 1.5% H3PO4 concentration, with1,9558% water content, 2.3140% ash content, 5.0900% volatile matter content, and 820.99 mg/g iodine absorption