Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pengambilan Kembali Logam Perak dari Limbah Cair Bekas Pencucian Foto Rontgen dengan Metode Elektrokimia
Get PDFX-rays photography activities generate hazardous wastewater containing silver nitrate and silver bromide which are mainly from the washing stage. X-rays washing liqour after being used will eventually be discharged into the environment. This leads to pollution and contamination of surface water. The hazardous contaminants may cause environmental problems and health risk for human and wildlife. Exposure to such pollutants can cause an irritation and burning sensation in the skin and mucous membranes, pain in the mouth, diarrhea, vomiting, coma, and convulsion. It also causes a serious gastroenteritis which will be fatalistic case. So it is crucial to reduce the amount of silver contained in the wastewater and in the same time the silver can be recovered. This study aimed to reduce the pollutants and to recover the metal silver from the wastewater using an electrochemical method. Operating conditions of electrical potential and current would be optimised. The effects of various anode-cathode pairs, electrical potentials and currents were observed. The results show that electrochemical reduction of silver possibly occurs at 1.8 to 2.2 V indicated by a significant increase of cathodic electrical current in the polarisation curves. The optimal condition was achived at a potential of 2.2 Volt within 10 minutes using an anode of copper plate and cathode of graphite rod that could reduce the amount of silver in the waste from 9.35 g/L to 1.56 g/L
Evaluasi Bejana Rebusan Horizontal dan Vertikal Berdasarkan Kehilangan Potensi Rendemen di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFSterilization in palm oil milling is the most important unit process because its will determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the whole process. Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are cooked in sterilizer using steam as the heating during process sterlization. There is two most common type of sterilizer used in Indonesia that is horizontal and vertical sterilizer. Both of the types have advantages and disadvantages of each other. The performance of horizontal and vertical sterilizer should be investigated comprehensively for achieving satisfactory sterilization and giving minimum loss. This study is conducted to evaluate these sterilizers based on the loss of potential oil extraction rate determined from observation and data processing such as degree of FFB ripeness, laboratory report and sterilization report process. It was found that horizontal sterilizer is generally better than vertical sterilizer
Pemanfaatan Sekam Padi sebagai Katalis Zeolit ZSM-5 Mesopori melalui Metode Sintesa Double dan Bebas Template untuk Konversi Metanol
No full textRice husk is an abundantly available agricultural waste material containing maximum amount of siliceousash. Burning of rice husk in air produces rice husk ash containing 85-98 % silica. In this research, rice huskash and coal fly ash were used as raw materials for catalyst of ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis. Coal Fly ash wasadded to adjust the source of alumina. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized through hydrothermal treatment usingdouble templates (TPAOH and PDDA) and free template. The as-synthesized ZSM-5 was then characterizedusing FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET. From the result of characterization, ZSM-5 has been success to besynthesized from rice husk ash. After ZSM-5 was synthesized, the catalytic activities of ZSM-5 were tested toconvert methane to methanol. The result showed that catalytic activity of ZSM-5 double template onmethanol convertion was 7.08 % and free template was 10.54 %. It means, rice husk ash was potential to beused as catalyst for the conversion of methane to methanol
PENGARUH GARAM TERHADAP PARAMETER VAN’T HOFF PADA PERSAMAAN KENAIKAN TITIK DIDIH
No full textIn the equation to determine the boiling point rise , Van\u27t Hoff parameter is used. However the parameters can only be used for dilute solutions. For this reason, it is necessary to do experiment to determine but for concentrated dilution. A mathematical : k = a.exp (b.m) is used to find the parameter. One hundred mililiter distilled water is added into beaker, then NaCl is also added to form NaCl solution of 0,25 molal. was added to water to form a 0.25 molal Na Solution is heated until boil and the boiling temperature n recorded. The experiment are conducted for different molality and type pf salt. The experimen shows that boiling point are influenced by strong/weak acid and strong/weak base. Each type of salt produce parameter different. The value of constante a is 0,853 to 3,707 and constante b is -0.16 to -0.42 with errata average above 10%
ESTER ASAM KARBOKSILAT DAN ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL UNTUK BAHAN DASAR BIOPELUMAS
No full textESTERIFICATION OF OLEIC ACID, STEARIC ACID AND ISOPROPIL ALCOHOL FOR LUBRICANT BASE.Uncontrolled spill of petroleum base lubricant has been polluted the environment. An alternative of biodegradable and environmental friendly lubricant is needed to substitute petroleum based lubricant. Biolubricant can be made from plant or animal oil, or synthetic lubricant that meets biodegradability criteria and nontoxic to human and environment. The aim of this research is to produce ester from Oleic acid, Stearic acid and Isopropyl alcohol as a base stock for lubricant. Range of time in reaction was set 3,4, and 5 hour. Stearic acid was varied 11-15 gram, Oleic acid 85- 89 ml, and IPA 10-15 ml. The resulting products of ester were confirmed by FTIR. Kinematic viscosity, Pour point, Freezing pont are evaluated by ASTM analyses. Ester produced from 12 gr oleic acid, 88 ml of oleic acid and 5 mil of IPA at room temperature is still in liquid phase, with kinematic viscosity at 100oCis larger than 4,099 mm2/s, Pour point 24oC and Freezing point = 12oC.This ester is potential to be used as biolubricant base stock
Pengaruh Aktivator Effective Microorganism 4 Terhadap Proses Pembuatan Pupuk Organik dari Kotoran Sapi
No full textCow\u27s excrements originated from slaughterhouse is an organic waste that can damage the environmenttherefore need to be process to make something such as fertilizer using activators that help thedecomposition process run faster. Activator used in this experiment is Effective Microorganism 4.Decomposition of cow’s excrements becoming organic fertilizer by mixing cow’s excrements with EffectiveMicroorganism 4 activator. Ratio of cow’s excrements weight (Metric Ton) by volume (Liter) of EffectiveMicroorganism 4 activator is 1:0; 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4. Thereafter, add the anorganic fertilizer (Urea, KCl,SP-36) and limestone to the mixture each about 2,5 kilograms after that cover the mixture with plastic wrapand make some holes with bamboo. The experiment result for this study using Effective Microorganism 4activator by adding 4 liter in the decomposition process for 18-21 days to produce organic fertilizer consistabout 15,01% organic carbon, 0,87% total nitrogen, 17,25 C/N ratio. These result meet the qualitystandards set by the Minister of Agriculture No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011
Pengaruh Temperatur Anil terhadap Sifat Elektrokimia Lantanum Pentanikel (LaNi5) dengan Penambahan Serium Oksida (CeO2)
Get PDFAnnealing is one of the processes to increase capacity, discharge rate, and cycle life for anode AB5 type alloymaterial. Increasing the annealing temperature will increase capacity and homogenize material. This makesthe material more corrosion resistant and resistant to degradation during the process of absorption ordesorption of hydrogen atoms in the electrolyte solution. The study was conducted to see the characterizationof powders anode materials LaNi5 after the addition of 1% CeO2 and annealed at 300, 600, and 900°C for 6hours in an argon gas environment. The powders were characterized using XRD and SEM-EDX.Electrochemical testing is measured by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at a frequencyof 5 mHz - 100 kHz. Increasing anneal temperature changes the diffraction phase, decreasing conductivityand increasing the resistance value. Semicircle pattern of LaNi5 anode material with the addition of 1%CeO2 conducted annealing process shows the semicircle pattern with a radius of the arc increases. Thisindicates the magnitude of the resistance barrier material
Synthesis of Salacca Peel Based Activated Carbons Using Microwave Induced ZnCl2 Activation
No full textIn this research, snake fruit (salacca) peel based activated carbons were prepared by ZnCl2 activation using microwave heating method. By using microwave heating, it is expected that the energy consumption in the activation process will be more efficient than that obtained by conventional heating. The effects of mass ratio of snake fruit peel to ZnCl2 (1:2 and 1:4), microwave power (130 watt, 230 watt, 380 watt, 540 watt, and 700 watt), and microwave radiation time (5, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) on the characteristics of activated carbons were investigated in detail. Activated carbons with BET surface area of 1796 m2/g were obtained at mass ratio of snake fruit peel to ZnCl2 of 1:4, microwave power of 540 watt, and 25 minutes of radiation time. Activated carbons were then used for adsorption of Cu(II) metal ions with initial concentration variations of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm. Isotherm models used were Langmuir and Freundlich. From adsorption process, it was found that Langmuir model fitted experiment data well, with maximum adsorption capacity of 1262.62 mg Cu2+/g activated carbons. Kinetic model that were studied were pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and intraparticle diffusion mechanism. It was found that kinetic data followed well the pseudo second order model
Pembuatan Edibel Film sebagai Zat Pemlastik dari Pati Ubi Kayu dengan Penambahan Sorbitol
No full textIn the increasing public knowledge about the dangers of plastic packaging that can harm the environment, the use edible film is something very interesting. The advantage of the use of the edible film can protect food products as well as safe from the environment. To produce good quality edible film substance can not be separated from the plasticizer is added. Plasticizer substance is an organic material with low molecular weight are added in the edible film with intent to weaken the stiffness of the polymer, while increasing the flexibility and extensibility of polymer. Edible direct utilization of the film is as a coating material for fruits. In order to improve the utilization of cassava starch we conducted research on “Edible Film as Substitute For Plastic Substances From Cassava Starch With The Addition of Sorbitol “ .From the results of calculations using the statistical program found that the effect of variable starch by -0,1 ; sorbitol at 0,3 ; temperature of -0,15. This means that the most influential variable in making edible film of starch with the addition of sorbitol is it self, followed by the final temperature and starch concentration. Of interaction effect between variables, it was found that the effect of the interaction value of 0,05. It also means that the variable effects of starch and sorbitol also depend on the effect of variable temperatures to get the most edible film. Can be seen also from the normal probability graph effect, that is the furthest point sorbitol, which means these variable are the most influential and has the effect of the interaction between variable
Pengaruh Aditif Sodium Lauryl Sulfate dan Carboxy Methyl Cellulose pada Pembuatan Coal Water Mixture
No full textNowadays Indonesia’s energy needs are increasingly high and estimated at about 2 million barrels of oilequivalent (2 MMBOE). Indonesia\u27s oil reserves are already dwindling, while coal has not well-utilized yet.Recent utilization of coal in the solid phase causes incomplete combustion. An alternative way to completethe combustion is by converting coal into CWM (coal water mixture). CWM is expected to have similarproperties to fuel oil so that it will be more easily atomized and burned. A relatively high calorific value coalfrom Murung Raya (Central Kalimantan) was applied. CWM was experimentally prepared by crushing coalinto very fine granules, it was therefore mixed into the water added by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) andcarboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as dispersant and stabilizer, respectively. Two experimental paramaterschosen in this study included parameter-1 (0,7% SLS and 0,1% CMC) and parameter-2 (0,8% SLS and 0,2%CMC), based on the total mass. Each parameter was mixed into the flask (mixing vessel) containing water.Therefore coal was gradually added with the coal-water ratio of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and 70%. The mixingwas conducted for 120 minutes at temperature of about 50 °C and stirring speed of 500 rpm. The best resultof CWM was performed on parameter-2 with 55% of coal. It had a calorific value of 3845 cal/g and wasstable during its storage within 20 hours