Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Studi Adsorpsi Biner Zat Warna dengan Karbon Aktif
Get PDFThis research investigated the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC) to adsorb two anionic dyes, Tartrazine and Allura Red AC, from synthetic wastewater in single and binary systems. The effects of initial dye concentration (30-70ppm) and pH (2-10) on dye removal were investigated at ambient temperature. The kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order and interparticle diffusion) and isotherm models (Langmuir, Extended Langmuir, Modified Extended Langmuir, P-factor and interaction factor) of dyes adsorption were studied. Adsorption kinetic of dyes was studied in single and binary systems and rate sorption was found to follow pseudo — second order kinetic model except for Tartrazine at pH above 8 (single systems) was found to follow interparticle diffusion. The isotherm data of dyes in single systems followed Langmuir isotherm while binary systems followed Modified Langmuir Isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (single system) of Tartrazine was in the range between 0.04196 mg/mg to 0.095988 mg/mg and Allura Red AC was in range of 0.095988 mg/mg to 0.804117 mg/mg. The maximum adsorption capacity (binary system) of Tartrazine was in the range between 0.03743 mg/mg to 0,0993 mg/mg and the maximum capacity of Allura Red AC was in the range between 0.0553 mg/mg to 0.122769 mg/mg
Swelling/ Extraction Test of Carbon Dioxide Injection on Dead Oil Field Structure X for Phase Behavior Study
Get PDFAt present, most of Indonesia\u27s oil field production has decreased significantly. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the EOR gas injection method that has been proven to improve oil recovery factor especially in sub-tropical countries such as America and Canada whose average reservoir has low temperature at the highest temperature range of 135oF. On the other hand, Indonesia is a country with abundant sources of CO2, especially from the oil and gas industry and the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) with fuel oil/ coal, has not been optimally utilized. In this study we studied the phase behavior of CO2 injection effect on Indonesian oil which has a high average temperature reaching 275oF (135oC). Basically it is known that CO2 is increasingly difficult to mix with oil at higher temperatures. If CO2 is injected below the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) at the reservoir temperature, the oil recovery efficiency will decrease as the miscibility is not achieved. It is expected that the process of oil recovery may occur under conditions between immiscible and miscible processes. The CO2 injection experiments were carried out on X field stock tank oil, which according to the EOR screening results were suitable using CO2 EOR. The experiment was conducted using PERTAMINA’s Visual PVT & Swelling Test equipment on various of CO2 injection and pressure on stock tank oil at 135oC. The experimental results show the swelling of oil on various CO2 injections and pressures but extraction has not been reached yet. This showed that only CO2 is miscible into the oil phase and changes the properties of the oil. The miscibility process of CO2 into the oil phase can decrease the viscosity of the oil, impacting on oil mobility to improve the oil recovery factor. However CO2 is not able to extract the oil into the gas phase due to technical difficulties thus it may not be defined at this point
Valuable Metals Extraction From Hydrocracking Spent Catalyst Using Citric Acid
Get PDFHydrocracking spent catalyst is a hazardous residue produced in large quantities in petroleum refining industries, it contains non metals or metals which are important components for advanced material. Leaching is a hydrometallurgical process which is an effective technology for metal extraction from low grade metal sources with appropriate solvent, low processing cost and relatively low pollutant. The waluable metals extraction was conducted using both organic and anorganic acids. Temperature (90 ̊C) and pH (1,5, 2) were varied to observed the performance of both acid with solid ratio of 1:20 in the atmosphere condition. Sample were analice using x-ray flourescence (XRF) before exraction and after extraction. From the result, it can be conducted which citric acid process ability to extract valuable metals as high as organic acid.
Pengaruh Penambhan Pati Ubi kayu dalam Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Pati Sukun
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to determined the effect of cassava (Manihot esculeta) starch and breadfruit starch (Artocarpus altilis) ratio, as the raw material for synthesis of bioplastic film (1;0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3). Additives, glycerol (0,2 ml) and chitosan (50 ml) was added to immproved the quality of bioplastic film. Bioplastic film casted after the mixing process at 740C for 1 hour and dried by oven at temperature 500C for 24 hours. Properties of bioplastic film was analyzed. The 1:2 ratio of cassava starch and breadfruit showed tensile strenght (1,765 kgf/mm2) meet the SNI 7818 : 2014 standard for bioplastic. But the percent of elongation (17,03%) of this bioplastic doesnot meet the standard SNI. Bioplastic degraded naturally after 30 days visual observation
Optimasi Produksi Biohidrogen dari Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Metode Suppressing Mikroba Metanogenik pada Inokulum Kotoran Sapi
Get PDFResearch in the field of bioenergy technology is currently being developed. One of bioenergy types that became the focus of development in Indonesia is biohydrogen. In producing biohydrogen from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using inoculum from cow dung, the production of biomethane gas causes biohydrogen productivity being decreased. The method used to increase the productivity of biohydrogen in this study is by suppressing methanogenic microbial treatment method which is conducted by heating cow dung inoculum at 95 °C for 120 min. Producing biohydrogen was done by fermented both POME and cow dung inoculum in vial bottle 120 mL at room temperature. Fermentation condition was adjusted at pH 5.5 by phosphoric buffer 1 M. The results obtained in this study consist with the increasing value of biohydrogen productivity, maximum of cummulative biohydrogen production rate and yield were 75.61 % and 0.43 mL H2/hr and 104.82 mL H2/g COD, respectively. This method was also perfectly suppressed biomethane gas production with percentage decreasing value is 100 %. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of suppressing method in optimizing biohydrogen production
Studi Terintegrasi Kelayakan Proses Injeksi Gas CO2 untuk Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) di Lapangan Minyak
Get PDFCO2 gas injection is once of recommended Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods by injecting CO2 through reservoir pore after reached its residual saturation, since CO2 dissolved easily in oil phase due to oil extraction as confirmed by many other researcher in pertaining field study. An integrated system is urgently required for assessing CO2-EOR feasibility study, covering multi disciplinary aspects as follows: geology, geophysics, reservoir, production, process and economic. Hence those systems must be reliable in suggesting final decision for feasibility study of CO2-EOR operation program, applicable either for pilot scale or full scale. This paper will proposing integrated system evaluation, which has following features: (1) Estimate fraction of dissolved CO2,(2) Estimate viscosity reduction, (3) Estimate future of oil productivity index resulted, (4) Estimate forecast of incremental oil recovery, (6) Estimate surface facilities equipment design, (7) Evaluate economical aspects, and (8) Generate final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program. Finally, as the main objective of this program, those system will present a picture of essential reason why we need to promote or reject CO2-EOR plan program, also some recommendations will presented in case of CO2-EOR plan does not perform from what it is supposed to be
Kajian Kinerja Kompor Limbah Biomassa Padat Skala Industri Rumah Tangga
Get PDFThe performance test of a natural draft stove design with various kinds of fuel; corncob, coconut shells and wood chip provided the fire power of 8 kW -22 kW and the maximaum flame temperature of 1126 ° C. The wood chip utilization gave a flame temperature in the range of 912 °C-1126 °C in a bluish orange colour. The fastest start-up time of 10.55 minutes was obtained when corncob utilized as fuel in this stove. While wood chip and coconut shell gave the longest start-up time of 16.34 minutes by the operating time of 12.78 minutes and 20.21 minutes, respectively. The performance of this experimental natural draft stove provided the thermal efficiency (ηth) of 20%-21% and specific fuel consumption (Sc) was in the range of 0.51 kg/hour-0.64 kg/hour. This stove perfomance meets some parameters required by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency (BNSi) for biomass stove (SNI 7926: 2013); the maximum specific fuel consumption, Sc of 1 kg/hour and the minimum thermal efficiency of 20%. The measuring of CO (<67 g/kg of consumed fuel) and particulate emissions, PM2.5 (<1500 mg/kg of consumed fuel) are in progress of this work
Studi Pengaruh Presipitan Basa Terhadap Sifat Fisik Nanomaterial Cerium Dioksida (CeO2) dengan Metode Presipitasi
Get PDFCerium oxide (CeO), also known as ceria, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. Cerium occurs naturally as a mixture with other rare-earth elements in its principal ores bastnaesite and monazite. Ceria is one of interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) and lower association enthalpy compared to Zirconia system. Ceria is also an essential component of phosphors, sensors, battery and glass polishing powders used in screens, camera lens, fluorescent lamps, ophthalmic glasses, etc. In this study, ceria nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation method. Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was used as a precursor material, while carbonate (potassium carbonate) and three bases (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide) were used as precipitants. The properties of ceria nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analyzer (PSA). The XRD patterns showed face-centred cubic of Ceria nanoparticles with smallest crystallite size as estimated by XRD technique was around 14 nm by ammonium hydroxide used as a base precipitant. The sharp peaks in FTIR spectrum determined the purity of ceria nanoparticles. PSA measurement showed the smallest particle size of ceria nanoparticles was 950 nm, which used sodium hydroxide as a base precipitant
Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Pada Sintesis α-Terpineol dari Terpentin dengan Katalis Asam Sulfat
Get PDFTurpentine is a non-timber forest product derived from pine trees. Turpentine has obtained the highest content of α-pinene to be hydrated to α-terpineol. Turpentine used in this study has a α-pinene content of 65.891%. The α-pinene hydration reaction with the acid catalyst will produce α-terpineol commonly used as an ingredient in the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics, fragrances, shampoo, detergents, and soaps. In this study, we studied the effect of reaction time and stirring rate on α-terpineol synthesis of turpentine with H2SO4 catalyst with ethanol as solubility promoter. The variables are used reaction time (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours) and stirring speed (400, 500, and 600 rpm). Synthesis was carried out at 80 ° C and 135 ml ethanol using a three-neck flask, reversing cooler, hot plate, and magnetic stirrer, and thermometer. The synthesis results are separated then neutralized using 5% NaOH, then the synthesis sample in the analysis using Gas Cromatography. In this study, the highest selectivity of α-terpineol 18, 9% in a reaction time of 3 hours and the stirring speed of 600 rpm
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Substrat dan Enzim Terhadap Produk Gula Reduksi Pada Pembuatan Gula Cair dari Tepung Sorgum Merah Secara Hidrolisis Enzimatis
Get PDFRed sorghum flour has not been widely used as food such as rice, cassava and corn, so it needs to find an alternative to further optimize utilization, one way is to process it into liquid sugar. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of making liquid sugar from red sorghum flour with enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this experiment the size of the starch particles is 125μm. The enzyme used is α-amylase for the process of liquification and glucoamylase for the saccharification process. The enzyme variations used were 0.033 ppm, 0.067 ppm, and 0.1 ppm. Substrate concentrations varied 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (w/v) in 300 ml of suspension. The liqufication process is carried out at 90 ° C. for 60 minutes, while the saccharification process is carried out at 60 ° C. for 120 minutes with constant pH 6 of each process. The highest concentration of reducing sugar was obtained at a substrate concentration of 40% with an enzyme volume of 0.067 ppm of 115.7384 g/l