Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Kajian Peforma Katalis Ni-Mo-S/γ-Al2O3Proses Hidrotreating Minyak BijiKapok (Ceiba pentandra) untuk Sintesa Biosolar
Get PDFKapok (Ceiba petandra) seed oil is one of many potential non-edible oil resources in Indonesia suitable as raw material for synthesizing biohydrocarbons such as green diesel. This oil consists of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and also contains cylcopropenoid group as malvalic and sterculic fatty acids. With proper treatment or process known as hydtrotreating (hydrogenation and simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation/decarboxylation or HDO/DCO) it can be transformed into long chain hydrocarbons equivalent to petroleum diesel with propane as the by-product. This preliminary study began with the catalyst preparation using incipient-wetness impregnation method followed by calcination and sufidation. The catalyst used in the hydrotreating process was sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 with promoter (K2CO3) ratio variation in the catalyst composition. The HDO/DCO main reactions were conducted in a pressurized slurry batch reactor at 60 bar with two levels of temperatur (300 oC dan 360 oC) and reaction times of 3 dan 6 hours to evaluate the catalyst performance. Several product analysis were carried out namely FTIR, Besson and Durbetaki tests, density, Iodine number, and saponification value. The EDS analysis to catalyst samples after reaction was also conducted to measure Carbon deposition onto the catalyst surface. Experiment results using catalyst with 2.32% promoter content showed promising results in term of highest conversion and lowest cyclopropenoid content as well as Iodine number of the biohydrocarbon product, at reaction conditions of 360oC for 6 hours. The elimination of reactive cyclopropenoid content was confirmed by FTIR analysis and Besson test. Moreover, EDS anaysis showed that this catalyst also possessed the lower C deposit which may contribute to the better performace in the hydrotreating process
Pembuatan Pelet Jerami Padi untuk Bahan Bakar Rumah Tangga: Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel, Kadar Air dan Konsentrasi Perekat Dalam Umpan Terhadap Kualitas Pelet
Get PDFProcess variables of rice straw pelletization, including particle size (1,355 mm and 0,417 mm), feedstock moisture content (15% and 20%) and binder concentration (3%, 4% and 5%), were evaluated to understand their effect on pellet quality (moisture content, unit density, bulk density, hardness, durability and yield of pellet). Effect of particle size insignificant to the moisture content of pellets and positive effect to other properties. Feedstock moisture content and binder concentration can be an increasing quality of pellets.Rice straw pellets generated under particle diameter feed conditions 0,417 mm, a 20% water content and 5% binder concentration resulted from greater quality compared to other pelletization conditions with moisture content 14,47%, unit density 1201,3 kg/m3 bulk density 659,7 kg/m3, durability 99,94% and yield of pellet 77,42%.
Elektrokoagulasi untuk Menurunkan COD dan Logam Berat dalam Limbah Cair Tekstil Menggunakan Elektroda Alumunium dan Baja
Get PDFCoagulation and flocculation is one part of the process stages in water treatment and wastewater treatment. As a conventional method by adding methods of addition of chemicals. Electrocoagulation at this time can be used as an alternative process of water treatment and liquid waste that is innovative. The electrocoagulation process is a deliberate corrosion process utilized, especially in metals with low electrode potential. In this study, electrocoagulation uses formations 3 anode: 1 anode and 1 anode: 3 cathodes using aluminum metal electrodes with steel. The results of the textile waste treatment of the textile industry, Al electrode provide the best results compared to steel with variations in the number of anode and cathode plate arrays; 3: 1 and 1: 3, on currents 3A and 5A. The result of electrocoagulation at 3A electrode current (3: 1) and max 20 min. time provided COD content of 71.3%, Fe 3.4%, Cu 18.5%, and Zn of 19.9%. In the electrocoagulation process with a current of 5A, with time of 20 minutes, the removal of COD content was 87.6%, Fe 96.3%, Cu 88.4% and Zn 84.8%. The results of this study concluded that two of the four parameters analyzed can meet the standard threshold of standard water quality. Fe content of 0.05 ppm, and Zn of 0.04 ppm, On a current of 5A, with Al electrode
Ekstraksi Limbah Serutan Kayu Matoa (Pometia pinnata) sebagai Zat Warna Alam pada Pewarnaan Kain Batik Serat Protein
Get PDFPhytochemical analysis results showed that the extract of bark matoa contains flavonoids, and tannins compounds, the chemical content of these plants has the potentially as a source of natural dyes, while wood shavings waste from matoa wood company in Jayapura-Papua very overflow and not yet optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to know the direction of the color resulting from the extraction of the waste of wood matoa shavings on batik cloth of protein fiber (silk), with the quality standard seen from the test value of the color fastness on the washing, the color difference (L*, a* , b*) and the color degree. This research using expiriment method, the extraction temperature (75°C dan 100°C), with variations in dye solution pH (acid 4 and base 10), as well as variations of the final mordant substance (70 g/l of alum and tunjung 30 g/l). The result of the research was found that the extraction temperature had no significant effect on the test value, whereas the acid and base pH variation treatment in dye solution had an effect on the degree of color and color direction, whereas acid pH produces the direction of dark brown color while base pH produces the direction of light brown color, color fastness test against washing showed 4-5 in good category.Phytochemical analysis results showed that the extract of bark matoa contains flavonoids, and tannins compounds, the chemical content of these plants has the potentially as a source of natural dyes, while wood shavings waste from matoa wood company in Jayapura-Papua very overflow and not yet optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to know the direction of the color resulting from the extraction of the waste of wood matoa shavings on batik cloth of protein fiber (silk), with the quality standard seen from the test value of the color fastness on the washing, the color difference (L*, a* , b*) and the color degree. This research using expiriment method, the extraction temperature (75°C dan 100°C), with variations in dye solution pH (acid 4 and base 10), as well as variations of the final mordant substance (70 g/l of alum and tunjung 30 g/l). The result of the research was found that the extraction temperature had no significant effect on the test value, whereas the acid and base pH variation treatment in dye solution had an effect on the degree of color and color direction, whereas acid pH produces the direction of dark brown color while base pH produces the direction of light brown color, color fastness test against washing showed 4-5 in good category
Pemisahan Campuran THF-Etanol Menggunakan Extractive Dividing Wall Column (E-DWC)
Get PDFDistillation is a physical process for the separation of liquid mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of the constituent components. However, simple/usual/conventional distillation not applicable to separating azeotrope system. Therefore, pressure swing distillation, azeotropic distillation, and extractive distillation are some common methods for azeotrope separation. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethanol are widely used as solvents in the chemical industry, however, both THF and ethanol are an azeotrope system. Extractive distillation method should be suitable for this separation. The separation process using extractive distillation used ethylene glycol as their entrainer. This separation method may be suitable for separating THF and ethanol mixture, but the energy consumption was too high. A modified column studied in this work to solve the problem, a dividing wall column (DWC) used to give a wall in a column to reduce the energy consumption and cost saving. The aim/goal of this study is to achieve cheaper/smaller capital cost using Aspen Plus® to do the simulation. The dividing wall column in the simulation approached using three columns that represents the dividing wall column. The result of the simulation gives smaller capital cost by reducing it for 1.36% from conventional distillation. Total annual cost (TAC) obtained from the simulation was $1,271,405.15/year with three years of the payback period
Pembuatan Keripik Buah Jambu Biji Menggunakan Alat Vacuum Frying Dengan Variabel Suhu dan Waktu
Get PDFAlternatif untuk meningkatkan dan memberikan nilai tambah produk buah dengan melakukan pengolahan buah menjadi keripik. Keripik buah merupakan makanan ringan yang dibuat menjadi olahan kering dari proses penggorengan yang menyehatkan karena kandungan seratnya tinggi. Salah satu bahan baku yang sangat potensial untuk diolah menjadi keripik adalah buah jambu biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu penggorengan hampa (vacuum frying) yang optimal untuk proses pembuatan keripik jambu biji serta sesuai dengan syarat mutu makanan ringan (SNI 01-2886-2000). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analysis Of Variance (Anova). Anova merupakan salah satu Uji Hipotesis pada Statistika Parametrik, untuk menguji interaksi dua faktor dalam suatu percobaan dengan membandingkan rata-rata dari lebih dua sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi suhu dan waktu penggorengan, maka rendemen yang dihasilkan cenderung menurun, air yang terkandung dalam bahan semakin banyak yang teruapkan serta kadar lemak keripik jambu biji yang dihasilkan cenderung meningkat. Hasil uji organoleptik keripik jambu biji yang paling disukai panelis adalah keripik jambu biji yang diolah dengan suhu 90 oC dan waktu 40 menit yaitu keripik dengan warna, rasa dan kerenyahan yang baik serta sesuai denagn syarat mutu makanan ringan
Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Rimpang Jahe Merah menggunakan Metode Distilasi Uap dan Ekstrasi Air dengan Pemanas Microwave
Get PDFResearch on Essential Oil Distillation of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Method Using Steam Distillation and Water with Microwave Heating has been done. The observed process variable is the effect of the amount of solvent to yield produced. The distillation process is done using Microwave Heating coupled with steam with pure solvent (water). As a comparison done too distillation process by using sodium acetate solvent. Ginger oil obtained in the form of a bright yellow liquid with a distinctive scent of ginger. The results showed distillation using a solvent to extract the sodium acetate can only 0.07 %. Of essential oils in the ingredients, while distilling the pure solvent (water) is able to extract up to 0.06 %.Of essential oils in the ingredients at 100oC temperature conditions. Results of the analysis by gas chromatography shows the components with the highest composition of ginger oil hidrodistilasi results with the help of ultrasonic is zingiberene. Results of the analysis of multiple parameters of the product showed ginger oil meets the specifications according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 06-1312-1998.
Desain dan Optimasi Distilasi Ekstraktif Tetrahidrofuran-Etanol Menggunakan Etilen Glikol sebagai Pelarut
Get PDFRecently, distillation technology is rapidly developing. Distillation is a process of separating some components in a mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of the component. Conventional distillation has disadvantage that is not applicable in separating azeotrope system. Azeotrope system means that the vapour emitted has the same composition as the liquid therefore it was very hard to separate the mixture. In this research, extractive distillation is used to separate tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethanol.Tetrahydrofuran and ethanol widely used as solvents in the chemical industry. In this method, an entrainer was needed to help the separation process. The entrainer that used in this study is ethylene glycol because of its best performance compared to the other entrainer. The goal from this study is to obtain the optimum design using Aspen Plus® such as the number of stage in each columns and location of feed/entrainer. The simulation results show that optimum design for THF-ethanol achieved when the number of first stage is 75, feed enter first column at 55th stage and entrainer enter first column at 3rd stage number. The number of stage in the 2nd column is 10 and feed enter 2nd column at 6th stag
Sintesis Bio-nanosurfaktan sebagai Deterjen Ramah Lingkungan dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Getah Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dan Daun Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen)
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to study formulations Bio-Nano Surfactant by combining papaya sap, Sengon leaf, and HCl to obtain the most efficient concentration in neutralizing calcium oxalate, determine the effect of detergency by Bio-Nano Surfactant and determine the level of contamination by Bio-Nano Surfactant". Detergent formulations using completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors of HCl (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and papaya sap- sengon leafs concentration (10%, 20%, 30%). The indicator of this research is based on the best combination of parameters to decrease calcium oxalate, protease enzyme levels, and the highest detergency effectiveness in cleaning the substrat. After detergency test, combination of 10% papaya sap - Sengon leafs and 0.2% HCL comes as the best combination. For nanofication, the best sample split into two samples with and without PEG 4000 as nanoparticles template. The samples after nanofication has nano size orde which are the sample with PEG 4000 is smaller (458-686nm) than the sample without PEG 4000 (703-897nm). The detergency of nanoficated samples are higher than before. The results of contaminant level "Bio-Nano Surfactant" is 165.2 ppm for COD and 21.6 ppm for BOD which is lower than COD and BOD limits.The purpose of this research is to study formulations Bio-Nano Surfactant by combining papaya sap, Sengon leaf, and HCl to obtain the most efficient concentration in neutralizing calcium oxalate, determine the effect of detergency by Bio-Nano Surfactant and determine the level of contamination by Bio-Nano Surfactant". Detergent formulations using completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors of HCl (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and papaya sap- sengon leafs concentration (10%, 20%, 30%). The indicator of this research is based on the best combination of parameters to decrease calcium oxalate, protease enzyme levels, and the highest detergency effectiveness in cleaning the substrat. After detergency test, combination of 10% papaya sap - Sengon leafs and 0.2% HCL comes as the best combination. For nanofication, the best sample split into two samples with and without PEG 4000 as nanoparticles template. The samples after nanofication has nano size orde which are the sample with PEG 4000 is smaller (458-686nm) than the sample without PEG 4000 (703-897nm). The detergency of nanoficated samples are higher than before. The results of contaminant level "Bio-Nano Surfactant" is 165.2 ppm for COD and 21.6 ppm for BOD which is lower than COD and BOD limits
Effect of Temperature, pH, and Salinity on Adsorption of Textile Dye onto Biosilica
Get PDFThis research presents the adsorption of Direct Red-31 dye with biosilica adsorbent from rice husk ash. Direct Red-31 dye is azo dye, which is frequently used in textile industry. Rice husk ash is used as asdorbent, because of the abundant existence of rice husk in Indonesia and it is easy to get. This research was run in batch process with dye concentration 20 ppm and adsorbent mass 10 g/L. The research was performed with pH variation (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), variation of salt (NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4) and temperature variation (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 oC). From the research result, the optimum pH of the adsorption is at pH 2 with percent removal 83.949%. Adsorption process with addition of Na2SO4 salt increases the removal percentage to 87.714%. For the temperature effect analysis, the positive value of ΔG indicates the non spontaneous adsorption, the entalphy (ΔH) value of 11.8 kJ/mol indicates the adsorption was physical and endothermic. Entropy (ΔS) value of 0.03101 kJ/mol indicates structural changes on the surface of the adsorbent