Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Permodelan Ekstraksi Lignin Mentah dari Black Liquor dengan Metode Asidifikasi pada pH Rendah
Get PDFBlack liquor is a by-product from the cooking process in the paper and pulp industry which consist of an organic polymer lignin. Lignin has abounding uses as a raw material for rife chemical product, including adhesive, surfactant, rubber filler and other products. Acidification is one of the method use to break down lignin from black liquor. In accordance with other studies, it is essential to develop a math modelling precipitation of lignin from black liquor. The objective of this study is creating mathematical modeling to depicting change of liquid level within lean crude lignin and rich crude lignin to depicting change of liquid level within lean crude lignin and rich crude lignin and to find out does lignin concentration play a role in lignin precipitation time (lignin settling velocity)
Pemanfaatan Biomassa Sebagai Material Katalis untuk Proses Biorefinery
Get PDFHaving at least 200 million ton of dry biomass, Indonesia possesses enormous potential to develop sustainable biorefinery system. Realization of the system should take comprehensive approach. Simply focusing only on process mechanism or product characterization will certainly not be sufficient. Others aspect of supporting material development in the processing, for instance catalytic materials, shall be essential. Here in this article, development of Indonesian biomass as catalyst material is discussed briefly. Nickel based catalyst was prepared by impregnating nickel salt precursor on bamboo-derived (activated) carbon and rice-husk silica as support materials. Catalyst activity was examined by applying (activated) carbon and silica catalysts for glucose hydrogenation and crude palm oil hydrocracking, respectively. Application of bamboo-(activated) carbon on glucose hydrogenation produced sorbitol approximately 3 wt. %. Similarly, application of silica derived catalyst from rice husk ash produced bio-gasoline as high as 3 wt.%.
Kinetika Reaksi Gliserolisis Sirlak
Get PDFShellac is one of natural polymers that can be utilized for polyesters, paint, coating, matrix, etc. However, one of its weakness is stiff and brittle. This research aimed at investigation of shellac modification with glycerol in the absence of catalyst. The reaction kinetics model observed the effect of hydroxyl position in the glycerol. Reaction was run in the three-neckedflask assembled with electic stirrer and condenser. In the present work, the variables investigated were reaction temperatures (1600C, 1700C, 1800C, and 2000C) in the atmospheric pressure. During 2 hours of reaction process, every 15 minutes and 30 minutes reaction product was sampled to analyze the remaining free glycerol by periodic acid method. Experimental result showed that reaction of shellac and glycerol could be undertaken in the range of temperature 1600C - 1800C, and the maximum temperature is 2000C, because in this temperature shellac begin to decompose. The result showed that reaction kinetics model can describe reaction between shellac and glycerol
Sintesis Bioaditif Melalui Asetalisasi Gliserol Menggunakan Katalis Basolite F300
Get PDFBiodiesel transesterification process yields glycerol as by-product, accounting for 10 % of the total biodiesel production. Crude glycerol remains untreated and can cause severe environmental issues as it disposes directly. Catalytic conversion may be the best solution to convert crude glycerol into high value-added chemicals. A batch process was carried out for glycerol acetalization to produce solketal, an oxygenated fuel additive, by reacting glycerol and acetone through heterogeneous acid-catalyzed reaction using Basolite F300. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature, mole ratio of reactants, stirring speed and catalyst loading. Process optimization was performed under various experimental conditions. Solketal synthesis using crude glycerol from biodiesel production was also studied. The obtained results reveal that, in general, increasing the value of all parameters varied gave rise to the increasing of glycerol conversion. The optimum conditions were achieved when 500C, 700 rpm, 1:4 mole ratio of reactants, and 1 % (w/w) catalyst were used, exhibited 84.33 % of glycerol conversion. However, a different result was observed, the conversion was only 14.83 % when using waste glycerol as reactant
Sintesis Mikrokapsul Kitosan Tersambung Silang K2S2O8 sebagai Adsorben Zat Warna Methyl Orange
Get PDFModified chitosan into microcapsules that crosslinked with potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) is intended to improve the quality, stability, durability and absorption of chitosan as an adsorbent. Microcapsules of chitosan that crosslinked were prepared using solvent evaporation method with 2 gram chitosan, coating material Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) that dissolved in acetone with mass variations and 200 ml crosslinking material KPS 2%. The dispersing medium used was mixture of 60 ml of liquid paraffin and 1.2 ml of tween 80. The solution was decanted using n-hexane to remove paraffin. The effectiveness of microcapsules of crosslinked chitosan as adsorbent was carried out on methyl orange dyes. The surface characteristics and morphology of modified chitosan were tested using FTIR and SEM. The results of the analysis showed that microcapsules of chitosan crossed KPS with 1 gram CMC coating relatively good increased deacetylation degree from 49.89% to 52.22%, had absorption capacity of 3.6415mg/g with 6 hours adsorption time. The diameter of chitosan microcapsules is around 1246 µm and there is a coating wall on the surface, thus increasing the resistance of chitosan
Pengaruh Pengeringan Konvensional terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Indigo Bubuk
Get PDFIndigo is one of the most preferred natural dyes of batik and traded in the form of paste. Indigo paste tend to have short storage time and difficult to be packed. Effort to fix the weakness is to transform paste into powder by drying. Drying method that has been done by the craftment is traditionally using oven, dry fry or naturally open air. The effectivity of the three method need to be learned. Research has been conducted to determine the effect of drying on the physical characteristics of indigo powder. Three conventional drying methods were tested to dry indigo paste namely oven drying (A), dry frying (B), and natural drying (C). The results of the drying sample are then tested for the visual color, color difference (L*a*b*) also water and ash content. From the results of the study obtained the color of indigo powder between dark blue to black with value of L*a*b* for oven drying sample = 15.41; -3.68; 1.73; dry fry sample = 11.91; -1.15; -3.48 and natural dry sample = 17.99; -3.99; -4.99. Water content of oven drying sample = 4.90%, dry fry sample = 5.74% and natural dry sample = 5.84%. The ash content of oven drying sample = 72.71%, dry fry sample = 68.72% and natural dry sample = 70.48%. The conclusion obtained from this study is that conventional drying methods have diverse influence on physical characteristics of indigo powder such as color, water and ash content. The best method to obtain good character of indigo powder is natural drying
Uji Toksisitas Limbah Cair Industri Tepung Tapioka Sebelum dan Sesudah Dilakukan Pengolahan Menggunakan Metode Ozonasi Terhadap Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Get PDFTapioca flour industry produces waste water containing toxic compounds in the form of cyanide (CN). Tapioca flour industrial waste water which is discharged directly into water bodies can cause damage to water bodies and disrupt the survival of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of tapioca flour industrial wastewater and the toxicity of tapioca flour industrial wastewater to Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) bioindicator, before and after being processed by the ozonation method. Waste was taken from the tapioca flour industry in Gumelar Village, Gumelar District, Banyumas Regency. The research phase included: 1) pre-treatment toxicity test which consisted of: a) acclimatization stage for 7 days, b) preliminary test with concentration of tapioca industrial wastewater 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%, c) real tests with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10%; 2) determine the optimal time with variations of time 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and processing using the ozonation method with processing time of 30 minutes; 3) post-treatment toxicity test consisting of: a) acclimatization stage for 7 days, b) preliminary test with concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%, c) actual test with concentrations of 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 and 50%; 4) analysis of research data using probit analysis and linear regression. Based on the processing data, the optimal ozonation time (below the quality standard according to the Central Java Provincial Regulation Number 5 of 2012) is 30 minutes with a decrease of 82.5%. The 96-hour LC50 value of the actual test on tapioca flour industrial wastewater before it was oozed was 3.531% with treatment concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10%. whereas the 96-hour LC50 value of the actual test for industrial wastewater from tapioca flour after oozonation was 45.821% with treatment concentrations 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 and 50%. The percentage increase in the quality of industrial wastewater of tapioca flour against bioindicators based on LC50 is 87.95% - 92.29%
Pengaruh Perbandingan Mol Reaktan dan Waktu Reaksi Terhadap Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Sapi
Get PDFBiodiesel is an alternative diesel engine fuel that produced from oil/fat of plants and animals. The material used is beef tallow which has potential to be produced into biodiesel because of its abundant amount. The purpose of this research is to comparing density, viscosity, and flash point based on the volume ratio of reactants at given time to the national biodiesel standard. This research using esterification and transesterification method, the esterification using 1% H2SO4 catalyst and the transesterification process using 1% NaOH catalyst, the temperature is 60oC with reactant molar ratio (1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:11, 1:13) and time variation (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 minutes). The biggest biodiesel results were taken to analyze the density, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Based on ratio between oil and ethanol were 1:9 and yield was obtained 75,651%, while the optimum condition of compared time on 3 hours with yield was 80,0265%. The biodiesel obtained has a large conversion but not enough to meet national biodiesel standard
Biogas Production from Canteen Wastes Using a Vertical Anaerobic Digester
Get PDFFood waste can cause various environmental problems, one of which is the depletion of the ozone layer because CH4 compounds are produced. Therefore, resolving the problem of food waste can be utilized as alternative energy that can be renewed to replace petroleum, namely biogas. The purpose of this study was to find out the production biogas in an anaerobic digester with the use of canteen food and vegetable wastes in ITS Campus. The first step, digester was introduced cow manure as a starter and was diluted with water at a ratio of 1: 1 until the digester was fully filled and then was left for 3 days. Then a mixture of canteen waste with a volume of 1,200 ml per day was introduced to the digester to achieve Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 21 for 30 days. The results showed that the largest daily biogas production was 2,026 ml/day using the mixture of rice-green mustard, followed by a mixture of rice and water spinach (1,728 ml/day) and rice-lumps (1,356 ml/day), respectively. The composition of biogas produced from rice-mustard greens: CH4 (75.35%), CO2 (12.17%), H2S (0.72%) and NH3 (0.58%). The composition produced from rice- spinach: CH4 (43.90%), CO2 (21.65%), H2S (0.72%), NH3 (0.74%), while for rice- kale: CH4 (54%); CO2 (12.46%), H2S (1.31%), NH3 (0.36%)
Production Evaluation of Radioiodine-131 from Neutron Activated of Natural Tellurium Dioxide Target in PTRR-BATAN
Get PDFRadioiodine-131(I-131, 131I) is the other name of the radioisotope iodine-131 (131I),emits both gamma at energy 364 keV (81,7%) and beta with a maximum energy of 610 keV (89,9%) with half-life (T½) of 8.02 days. I-131 has been used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis of kidney function, thyroid damage, and for treatment of thyroid cancer, endocrine gland cancer, and neuroblastoma. Since 2013, PTRR-BATAN has been producing131I routinely from neutron activated of natural TeO2 targets. The radioactivity of I-131 that has been able to be produced ranged between 499and 1,095 mCi for 5.0 gr of natural TeO2 targets and irradiation of 96 hours. In general, 131I yield is influenced by the number of atoms target, neutron flux, cross section, and duration of irradiation time. In this report, production yields were evaluated according to position of TeO2 target inside an irradiation capsule. Based on several observations, target which position in the center of the irradiation capsule obtained to give the highest yield, an average of 66% from the theoretical calculation. On the other hand, target which position at bottom of the irradiation capsule was found to give a lower yield, an average of 44%. Position of the target material in the irradiation capsule was found not affecting the quality of 131I products. It still conforms to the requirements of radionuclide used in the field of nuclear medicine. I-131 produced in this project have been used for preparing Hippuran-131I, MIBG-131I, Oral-Na131I and 131I-capsules which then used for diagnosis and therapy at several hospitals in Jakarta, Bandung and Semarang