Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Sintesis Poly (Sodium Acrylate-co¬-Acrylamide) sebagai Flokulan Anionik pada Proses Pemurnian Nira
Get PDFThe problems in Indonesia related to the sugar industry is that sugar consumption is greater than its production which causes the inability of the sugar industry to meet the demands of all consumers. One of the problems that occur is due to the large number of imported raw materials including flocculants, which in this case is anionic polyacrylamide flocculants. Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) was first developed in the world through an alkali hydrolysis process. So far, APAM synthesis technology has undergone a lot of development. In this study, synthesis poly (sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) was performed as flocculant which will be used in the sugar refining process. The synthesis steps between acrylic acid and sodium carbonate. And then synthesis with acrylamide and add some of ammonium persulfate. This study was conducted in various concentrations of acrylic acid and acrylamide, i.e., 0: 100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, 100: 0. The resulting flocculants was tested in sugar canein in order to determine the effect of the flocculantsaddition. The result of FTIR test showed that the polymerization process between acrylic acid and acrylamide has been succeeded. After analysis, the most effective flocculants obtained at concentration acrylade: acrylamide of 50:50
Pemodelan Kinetika Reaksi Seri Etana – Etanol - Dietil Eter
Get PDFThe series ethane reaction kinetic model to Diethyl Ether (DEE) is a series reaction process that runs simultaneously and continuously in the gas phase with reaction order kinetics and reaction speed constants. The new method to be developed is to combine a single reaction of ethane into ethanol with ethanol into Diethyl Ether (DEE) through a series reaction in the gas phase. This reaction phenomenon is an innovation / new breakthrough in the field of renewable energy and is very interesting to be kinetic modeled. The route of the ethane series reaction to Diethyl Ether (DEE) has not been found and explained so the technique needed so that the technique that applies the series reaction is expected to be able to contribute to the making of the kinetic model. The fundamental contribution of the series reaction model which is reactants (ethane) can form an active intermediate product (ethanol) then further transforms into another stable product (DEE) that takes place in the gas phase. One key to the success of converting gas additive into liquid fuel through series reaction with the maximum achievement of intermediary products by modeling the reaction velocity equation mathematically with hardware and software which can be easily implemented in laboratory experiments. At present the kinetic data and mechanism of production of Diethyl ether (DEE) are not completely available so that the process kinetics model is always based on experimental kinetics data. In this study a study was conducted to obtain ethane- ethanol reaction kinetics with CuO-ZnO/-Al2O3 catalyst with a composition of zero ratio 1:1:1 pressure 10 bar temperature 450oC. Experiments of the ethanol to DEE reaction kinetic model taken at 350oC and pressure 4 bars. Kinetic data was tested by series reaction kinetics model derived from the mechanism of catalyst surface reaction. The kinetic model that best fits the experimental results is the stage of termination products (DEE formation) and intermediate formation (ethanol production). The reaction test results of catalyst performance produced ethane conversion of 71%, 80% ethanol conversion and DEE selectivity reached 84%. C2H6 (ethane) series kinetics parameter data C2H5OH (ethanol) CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 (Diethyl ether) obtained the reaction speed constant of ethane to ethanol and ethanol to DEE and follow the first order reactio
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis Na2O/Fly Ash Menggunakan Iradiasi Gelombang Mikro
Get PDFBiodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable fuel for diesel engines. Waste cooking oil is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Catalytic transesterification is preferable using heterogeneous catalyst due to easy separation of reaction product. This study reported the use of microwave irradiation to transform waste cooking oil to biodiesel using Na2O/fly ash catalyst. Power of microwave was varied at500, 552 and 691 watt and reaction was carried out for 4 minutes. The largest yield was 87.59%, occurred at 552 watt microwave power. The use of microwave irradiation is more beneficial due shorter reaction time.
The Use of Liquid Waste of Tofu Industry for Biogas Production Using an Anaerobic Digester
Get PDFThe liquid waste of tofu industry is a component which is disposed of into the environment can cause foul odour, disease, water pollution. The liquid waste of the tofu industry contains high organic ingredients, in the form of protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Protein compounds have the largest amount. Therefore, the waste can be processed as alternative biogas energy. This aims of the study were to determine how to process tofu industrial waste water using an anaerobic digester to produce biogas. Biogas production includes three stages. Phase I was to prepare a set of a biogas digester. Stage II was mixing tofu liquid waste and cow dung with a weight ratio of 1:1 and entering it into the digester then analyzing the raw material in the form of COD. Stage III was a continuous fermentation process in a 60-day digester where the variables used were HRT 30 and 20 days of operation. Analysis of raw material for tofu waste in the form of COD was 7,546 mg O2/l. The results showed that an average volume of biogas produced was 1,815 ml/day for HRT of 30 days, followed by the biogas production of 2,750 ml/day for HRT of 20 days, respectively
Ekstraksi Logam Tanah Jarang (LTJ) dan Logam Berharga Hasil Fusi Alkali Tailing Zirkon
Get PDFZircon tailings is a waste from zircons and mining process, it has a potency for further utilized by extracting the precious metals, such as iron, titanium, nikel and rare earth metals (REMs). Research purposes are to determine the effect of leaching conditionson recovery of rare earth metals and precious metals from zircons and after alkaline fusion treatment. Alkaline fusion process was used as a method to separate phosphate in monazite minerals and to reduce liquid waste compared to hydrometallurgical processes. Alkaline fusion process was performed about 3 hours at 450oC, with ratio of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to zircon tailings and about 1:1. Alkaline fusion product was leached by water then followed by hydrochloricacid leaching to separater are earth metals and other precious metals. Recovery of rare earth metals reach 70% at optimum conditions. While Fe, Ti and Ni reach 58%, 80% and 68% respectively
Produksi Glukosa Cair Fungsional dengan Ekstrak Jahe dari Hidrolisis Pati Kulit Singkong
No full textThe utilization of cassava\u27s peel provides a great opportunity as starch resource and economically benefit. Cassava’s peel starch could be used as a substrate for liquid glucose production by hydrolysis reaction. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum condition of cassava peel starch concentration (2.5%; 5% and 7.5% w/ v) to produce liquid glucose by hydrolysis in the presence of sulfonated carbon catalysts and to determine the concentration of liquid glucose ratio: red ginger extract (1: 1; 1: 2; 1: 3, and 1: 4 v/v) as the best formulation for antioxidant activity.The hydrolysis’ reaction was conducted at 100oC for 60 min then filtered. Total reducing sugar was detected by Dinitrosalisylic (DNS) method; the optimum concentration of glucose was achieved about 4.1389 mg/mL which contain 5% of Cassava’s peel starch. The good antioxidant activity of liquid glucose shown in ratio of liquid glucose and ginger is 1:4, approximately 39.34% of free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) was consumed within 5 min and up to 48.63% was scavenged after 10 min. The functional liquid glucose can produce from Cassava’s peel and also eliminate free radicals
Pemanfaatan Hasil Kondensasi Oli Bekas Menjadi Bahan Aditif Aspal dengan Metode Sulfonasi
Get PDFIncreased use of motorized vehicles causes an increase in used oil waste. Waste used oil is classified into B3 waste which can damage the environment. This study aims to utilize the results of used oil condensation as raw material for the manufacture of asphalt additives by sulfonation method. The sulfonation process was carried out by reacting the results of used oil condensation using 98% H2SO4 reagent with volume variations (2.5 mL; 5 mL; 7.5 mL; 10 mL and 12.5 mL) and 70% HNO3 (1.5 mL; 2.5 mL and 3.5 mL) at a temperature of 25˚C with a stirring speed of 135 rpm for 30 minutes. The results obtained showed that the addition of 12.5 mL of 98% H2SO4 and 3.5 mL of 70% HNO3 resulted in the mass of the most sulfonated product. This sulfonation product was added with asphalt at a concentration of 60% sulfonation products at 150 ˚C resulting in a mixture of asphalt products with a penetration value of 36 mm, ductility of 60 cm, flash point 194 ˚ C, burn point 200 bakar C, and softening point 68.5 ek C. The results obtained show that asphalt still has sub-standard quality (pen type 60/70) for paving the road
Pemanfaatan Alga Cokelat (Sargassum sp) sebagai Bioadsorben dalam Proses Penyerapan Logam Fe pada Air Sumur UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Get PDFBeing one of the dangerous substances found in household water. Metal Fe is an one of the dangerous substance can be found in household water, metal Fe needs to be removed in order to have clean waters. Among many methods available, this research will focus on adsorption. Bioadsorbent made from brown algae (sargassum sp) without chemical activation and with CaCl and HCl as activator will be used in this experiment. In order to have the bioadsorbent, brown algae will be burned using furnace an then some samples will be activated using CaCl2 and HCl on various concentration (0.4 ; 0.6 ; 0.8 ; 1) mol/L. 10 gram of bioadsorbent will be used on 100 ml of untreated water and the process will take two hours. Bioadsorbent will adsorp metal Fe substance and will reduce metal Fe content level to 1 mg/L to qualify the criteria of clean water according to Peraturan Kementrian Kesehatan RI No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. The best result from this experiment reduce metal Fe content from 2.5 mg/L to 0.004 mg/L which equal to 99.84% metal Fe substance adsorbed from bioadsorbent without chemical activation and also resulting in a colorless and odorless treated water. It can be concluded that this method could be an effective method for water treatment in UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Fraksi Naphtha Sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif Petrokimia
Get PDFIndonesia was producing 64 million ton plastic waste each year. These massive amounts of plastic waste will create negative impacts on an environment such as endangering marine ecosystem with almost 3.2 million ton of plastic waste ends up in the sea each year. To reduce an environmental damage caused by plastics waste, a solution to properly recycling this waste is needed. This research has created a recycling method that allows the dissolve of polyethylene plastic bonds into hydrocarbon products. In this research, the objective is to get naphtha product carried out in the process named thermal cracking which intends to break down the complex hydrocarbons in plastic into lighter molecules to obtain hydrocarbons range between C5-C11. The process carried out under conditions of 400oC and 4 kg/cm2. The naphtha produced from a thermal cracking process has gone through several reliable standard test methods, such as ASTM D 4052 (Density @15oC), ASTM D 323 (Reid Vapor Pressure), and ASTM D 86 (Atmospherics Distillation). Based on the results, it was found that naphtha product recovered from plastic waste had the same critical parameters with petroleum naphtha, as evidenced by the results of 720 kg/m3 density, 70 kPa RVP, and has boiling range at 52-170oC
Kopolimerisasi Iradiasi Kitosan-Polivinyl Alkohol-Akrilamida sebagai Bahan Pelapis Pupuk
Get PDFIrradiation Copolymerization Of Chitosan- Polyvinyl Alcohol-Acrylamide For Coating Of Fertilizizer. Copolymer was made with fixed amount of chitosan and the volume ofpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 10% w/v andacrylamide 3% w/v was varied. The variation of irradiation dose are 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy . In this study was obtained the best formulation to be used as material for the modification of NPK fertilizers is contain of 5 % of chitosan, 40%of PVA (10% w/v), 55% of acrylamide (3% w/v). Measurement of slow release properties was done by absorption-desorption methodeThe results of FTIR characterization, the formation of pores was shown by the results of SEM characterization. Observation and testing the yield of percent gel fraction, swelling ratio, and percent release of phosphate in the polymerization was obtained respectively 50.2%, 320.5 %, 18.3%. In this study shows that the properties of copolymer is influenced by the composition of the PVA and acrylamide and irradiation dose