Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pendugaan Kedalaman Air Tanah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Schlumberger di Kampus Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Get PDFGroundwater is a potential resource for meeting human water needs. The existence of groundwater is closely related to the characteristics of aquifers in an area. This study aims to determine the characteristics of aquifers. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the aquifer which includes the type of material and the thickness of the aquifer. The method used in this study is the geoelectric method with the Schlumberger configuration. The study was conducted on 9 sounding points in 1 track. The data obtained is then processed using IP2WIN software to produce a subsurface bedding model based on its resistivity value (2D). Based on the structure model of the subsoil, it is obtained: a) clay layer with depth between (0.5 - 8.9 m). b) groundwater aquifer layer with depth (8.9 - 25 m). c) clay layer with depth (> 25 m)
Ekstraksi Kopi Robusta Menggunakan Pelarut Heksana dan Etanol
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the optimum conditions that can be used in the process of extracting coffee oil by extracting Robusta coffee using hexane and ethanol solvents, knowing the effect of the amount of solvent and extraction time on the amount of coffee oil produced and producing coffee oil that has a density, refractive index and acid numbers in accordance with the standard requirements for coffee oil quality. The research method used is the response surface method (RSM), using a central composite design with two independent variables namely the extraction time (x1) and the amount of solvent volume (x2). The results showed that the optimum point was obtained with an extraction time of 3 hours and the amount of hexane solvent 600 ml
Pembuatan Kitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting untuk Mengolah Limbah Cair Tahu
Get PDFThe production of tofu waste industry still contain high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and metal Fe as well as its acidity, so it is assessed can pollute the environment. There are various processes to overcome this, one of which is the addition of coagulants. In this study used chitosan to lower COD levels, metal Fe and increase the pH value. The research was conducted in 3 phases: (i) making chitosan from the waste shell of the crab by deproteination with concentration NaOH 2,28 ; 2,7 ; 3,25 ; 3,75 ; 4,36 N then in demineralization with concentration HCl 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 and 2 N. Then in deacetylation with NaOH 50% and analysis kjeldahl method, ash content, and FTIR to determine the quality of chitosan (ii)Mixing chitosan and Al2(SO4)3 in Tofu wastewater (iii) test COD, Metal Fe, and pH in Tofu wastewater. The final parameter observed is COD, Metal Fe and pH. The results of the study obtained COD reduction value up to 25,421% and the decrease in the metal content of FE up to 23,23%
Pemanfaatan Serat Buah Kelapa Sawit menjadi Bioetanol dengan Variabel Konsentrasi H2SO4 pada Proses Hidrolisis
Get PDFBioethanol has been widely used in transportation as a fuel that is increasingly reduced. Palm fruit fiber has a high enough potential to be developed into an alternative energy source, namely bioethanol because of its high lignocellulosic content. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of sulfuric acid in the hydrolysis process, determine the initial sugar composition of the bioethanol produced, and determine the optimal processing time for the formation of bioethanol in the Hydrolysis and Separate Fermentation (SHF) method. The stages in this study were the hydrolysis of palm fruit fiber using H2SO4 with variations of 1M, 2M, and 3M for 3 hours at 100 oC. The fermentation process is carried out with variations in time for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours and 120 hours. The results showed that in the hydrolysis process the optimum H2SO4 concentration of 3M produced a sugar concentration of 87.83 gr/L. The fermentation process obtained an optimal fermentation time of 96 hours with a bioethanol concentration of 31.57 g / L. The greater the initial concentration and the longer time fermentation, the more bioethanol is obtained at optimal time
The Use of Durian Peel Wastes for Bioethanol Production
Get PDFDurian peel (Durio zibethinus Murr) is one of most agricultural residues that have a percentage of approximately 60-75% and inner durian peel (soft layer) contains 11.78% starch that can be used as raw material for ethanol production. This study aimed to determine the effect of durian peel concentration on bioethanol production and the fermentation time required for bioethanol yield. Bioethanol production was carried out in a batch reactor. Two steps of liquefaction and saccharification were carried out to obtain reducing sugar. In liquefaction, 200 g durian peel flour and α-amylase were mixed with water in an Erlenmeyer 2 litter then was heated at 90°C for 2 hours. In saccharification, this mixture was then heated at 60°C for 4 h. The sugar obtained was then fermented by adding yeast as much as 0.2%; urea 0.5%; KH2PO5 0.5% of the amount of reducing sugar obtained. Bioethanol was obtained by fractionation distillation of the fermentation at 78°C. The results showed that in the saccharification using flour with a concentration of 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/v) produced reducing sugar of 22.23, 44.25, 55.45, and 84.61 g/l, respectively. Bioethanol in the fermentation process was 1.9, 3.6, 5.2, and 7.3%, respectively. It concluded that maximum bioethanol was obtained approximately 7.3% with the reducing sugar used at 84.615 g/l during 4 d fermentation. The bioethanol content obtained was 95% after fractionation distillation
Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Pepaya dengan Pelarut n-Heksana
Get PDF Seeds from papaya have an oil content of around 32.6%, so it is very interesting to develop methods of taking oil from papaya seeds. Papaya seed oil is a vegetable oil that is used for cooking oil or cosmetic oils with low cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the effect of solvent volume and extraction time in extracting oil from papaya seeds by extraction method using n-hexane solvent. After extraction is complete, the extraction results are then filtered and then distilled to vaporize the solvent so that the oil is left behind in the distillation flask. From the results of research conducted with a papaya seed weight of 30 g, extraction temperature of 55oC, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm, it was found that the more the volume of the solvent used, the greater the percentage of oil extracted. The optimal amount of solvent volume is 150 mL n-hexane with the percentage of oil taken up 22.67%. For the extraction time variable, the longer the extraction time, the greater the percentage of oil extracted. In this variable the optimal conditions are obtained at the time of extraction 90 minutes with the percentage of oil taken by 26%
Simulasi Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Proses Produksi Gula di Brazil dengan OpenLCA
Get PDFSugar is one of the most important agricultural commodities for mankind. Brazil is one of the largest sugar cane producers in the world, so dosing environmental impacts on the sugar production process in Brazil can be a reference for other countries. In addition to increasing environmental awareness, the sugar industry must also use environmentally friendly and sustainable processes. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most important methods for measuring the environmental impact of a process. The aim of this study is to measure the environmental impact of the sugar production process in Brazil. LCA simulations are carried out with the OpenLCA software, which is equipped with an ecoinvent database. The scope of the life cycle assessment simulation includes the planting of sugar cane in the process of sugar production (cradle to gate). The results of the environmental impact assessment show the value of the global warming potential (GWP) of 304.73 kg CO2 equivalent per ton of sugar products. From this value, the bigest contribution to the GWP is the sugar milling process, which is 1544 kg CO2 equivalent per ton of sugar products. The plantation sector now contributes -2681 kg CO2 per ton of sugar products, as it plays a role in absorbing CO2 in the environment for sugar cane growth
Pengaruh pH dan Suhu Ekstraksi Zat Warna Alami dari Limbah Sabut Kelapa Muda (Cocos nucifera) pada Pewarnaan Kain Batik Mori Prima Non Mordan
Get PDFPhytochemical test results of positive young coconut coir extract containing flavonoids and alkaloids from anthocyanin pigments that have potential as natural dyes. In general, the manufacture of natural dyes affected by many factors namely pH, temperature, light and oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH and temperature extracting natural dyes from young coconut coir waste on the value of color quality test on the application to the coloring of not mordant batik fabric (Mori Prima). The method used was an experiment by varying the temperature (60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃) and pH (Neutral 7, Acid 2, Base 12), the results of the dye extract were applied to the coloring of not mordatn batik fabrics (Mori Prima), the results of the coloring application were tested for quality the color is the solution\u27s absorbance color test, the color fastness in washing and the color aging level, the results of the coloring application are carried out a test of the color quality, namely the color absorbance test of the solution, the color fastness of the washing and the color aging level. The results showed the highest absorbance value of 1.5203 and the best color aging value of 14.25 from the variation of the acid pH treatment, and the extraction temperature of 100 ℃, the results of the color fastness test on washing the average value obtained 4 showed that the color quality of young coconut fiber has a value of fastness in washing in the good category
Produksi Biohidrogen dari POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob dengan Variasi Waktu Retensi Hidrolik
Get PDFAlong with the increasing in the area of oil palm plantations, palm oil mill production has also increased. Palm oil mill produces liquid waste with high content of organic compounds. If it is discharged into waters it has the potential to reduce water quality and pollute the environment. Waste water treatment can be do with anaerobically and using anaerobic hybrid bioreactor. This study aims to test the stability and performance of anaerobic hybrid bioreactors with variations in HRT and parameters measured by COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), acetic acid, VSS (Volatile Suspended Solid), volume of H2 gas and H2 gas. This operation is carried out by varying the hydraulic retention time and the working volume of the reactor 12,5 L, starting from the HRT of 6 hours with flow rate 2,0833 L/day, then the HRT 12 hours with flow rate 1,0417 L/day, and the last HRT 18 hours with flow rate 0,694 L/day. The highest reduction in COD was obtained was 5,200 mg/L with a COD removal efficiency of 92,2%, acetic acid 6 g/L, VSS 7,6 g/L. Thus the anaerobic hybrid bioreactor becomes the one alternative that can be used in treating liquid was that has a high enough organic content
Optimisasi Pemompaan dan Penyaringan Air Bawah Tanah dari Goa Tuk Sarining Kembang untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Air bagi Warga Desa Gebang dan Sekitarnya
Get PDFWater is main resources needed for daily life in Gebang Hemlet, Girisuko Village, Gunung Kidul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Gebang is one of many hemlet in the Panggang sub-district, District of Gunung Kidul, with scarce water resources. In this hemlet there are about 170 family with around 4 members for each family, which amount to 680 people with limited water resources to fulfill their necessity. Water supply for this village is limited by by the available pump capacity. To date, people in the hemlet rely on water from rainfall during rainy season which is collected to a special water tank that was prepared as a reserve for dry season, while some villager uses water from caves. However, the pump is now out of order, so people have to purchase their water needs from water truck seller. Material adsorbed in karst medium is interrelated between organic substance (Coliform Parameter) and inorganic substances (TDS Parameter), so that by using laboratory processing, with Gravity Sand Filter chosen as additional process, using zeolite with 40-50 cm in thickness will have the capability to reduce TDS from around 232-268 ppm to below 180 ppm