Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi
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PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PERTANIAN PADA ERA DISRUPSI: UPAYA MENDUKUNG AGRIBISNIS INKLUSIF
Full text linkInclusive and sustainable agribusiness development in the disruption era requires fundamental adaptation. Major changes in community’s activities take place from the real world to virtual activities. One of the urgent needs in inclusive and sustainable agribusiness development is agricultural human resources able to anticipate changes and successfully adapt to those changes. This paper aims to explore changes in the agribusiness order, challenges in the extension system and agricultural human resource development going forward. Scientific review analysis shows that there are physical business cost savings, open and direct new markets, development of internet-based online shop services with smarter, easier, faster, more efficient, and more accurate transaction processes. The agribusiness system requires a new management system with more competitive human resources capacity. Three instruments for developing agricultural human resources are: (1) prioritizing skill improvement and providing infrastructure for information and communication technology (ICT), (2) capability of extension workers and researchers in creating, socializing and implementing inclusive technology with digital literacy, (3) training the farmers with ICT-based production skills, building partnerships, and accessing big data and information in accordance with their current. Accelerating instrument operations needs champions or youth driving agent
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE UPSUS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON RICE PRODUCTION AND FARMERS’ INCOME
Full text linkPadi merupakan komoditas pangan utama penduduk dan memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Pada tahun 2015 dilaksanakan Program Upsus oleh Kementerian Pertanian di 16 provinsi dan diperluas di 33 dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada 2016. Program Upsus telah dilaksanakan selama 5 tahun, namun demikian penelitian-penelitian mengenai kinerja pelaksanaan Program Upsus dari aspek peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani padi penerima program tidak banyak dilakukan. Naskah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Program Upsus terhadap pencapaian target peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan usaha tani padi menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan difokuskan pada Provinsi Jawa Barat untuk mendapatkan gambaran implementasi secara nyata di lapangan. Program Upsus telah berhasil mempertahankan luas tanam padi dan mendorong peningkatan luas areal panen padi, tetapi tidak berhasil dalam mendorong pertumbuhan produktivitas dan peningkatan pendapatan petani padi. Dalam implementasi Program Upsus yang akan datang perlu diupayakan (1) mengembangkan perencanaan yang sistematis dan rinci berdasarkan evaluasi yang spesifik, komprehensif, dan terinci guna meningkatkan efektivitas pelaksanaan Program Upsus, (2) penguatan sistem penyuluhan pertanian dan peningkatan bantuan teknis untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas padi dan beras yang dihasilkan, (3) melakukan perbaikan dan penguatan penyelenggaraan organisasi pelaksanaan Program Upsus mulai dari pusat hingga lokasi kegiatan, (4) menempatkan implementasi strategi pada fokus yang lebih besar untuk peningkatan produktivitas, baik melalui peningkatan penerapan paket teknologi budi daya pada usaha tani padi, maupun penurunan tingkat kehilangan hasil pada saat panen dan penanganan pascapanen, serta saat distribusi dan pemasaran, dan (5) mendorong peningkatan pendapatan petani dari usaha tani padi dan aktivitas penanganan panen dan pascapanen mereka
KARAKTERISTIK, POTENSI GENERASI MILENIAL DAN PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN PRESISI DI INDONESIA
Full text linkPrecision agriculture requires appropriate characters of human resources to implement it. It is an integrated agricultural system based on information and production to increase business efficiency, productivity and profitability. The concept of precision agriculture, as one of the latest agricultural technology packages, was born along with the emergence of the millennial generation, namely those born between 1980 and 2000.This paper discusses the character of precision agriculture and necessity to apply it and its link to the millennial generation in terms of their character suitability and capacity. Application of precision agriculture requires the millennial generation’s ability to create, engineer and operate modern agricultural systems based on this new technology. Applying precision agriculture in Indonesia deals with various characteristics of the millennial generation due to different regional and socio-economic conditions. The government should provide infrastructure and conduct millennial farmers training to achieve social, economic, and environmental benefits of precision agriculture implementation
OPERASIONALISASI SPEKTRUM DISEMINASI MULTI CHANNEL TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN UNTUK DISEMINASI YANG EFEKTIF
Full text linkDownstreaming information of Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Technology (IAARD) technology is carried out, among others, through the Multi Channel Dissemination Spectrum (MCDS). The SDMC employs various dissemination channels and actors to accelerate technology dissemination. MCDS discussions at the operating level are limited especially on how it contributes to more technology adoption. Referring to the Agricultural Innovation System, an innovation arises due to support of various subsystems ranging from technology providers, carriers, users, markets, policies, and interactions among subsystems. Likewise, the MCDS should be supported by its subsystems for an effective dissemination. This paper aims to contribute ideas on subsystems requirements in the implementation of the MCDS and how these subsystems can drive the delivered technology information to be adopted by users. The supporting subsystems (planning, approaches in the implementation process, policies, infrastructure) for technology implementation are essential in dissemination activities. As a system, MCDS does not only focus on delivering IAARD’s technology information, but the success of technological innovation must be supported by dissemination planning and its subsystems, technology application ecosystem, and interaction between potential users and technology producers
Relasi Sosial dan Resiliensi Komunitas Petani Korban Erupsi Gunung Berapi di Kawasan Relokasi
Full text linkVolcanic eruption victims to be relocated deal with two sequential shaking conditions, namely when a volcano erupts and when the community is relocated. This paper reviews the literatures on social relations and community resilience to the natural disasters, especially volcanoes, as well as how the relocation policy is implemented for farmer community victims. The ability of the community to rise from adversity due to natural disasters and to deal with challenges of a new life in the relocation area is determined by existing resources and their adaptive capacity. The more various the resources and the stronger the adaptive the community, the community will be more resilient. Social relations will further accelerate community resilience. Relocation is expected to improve the community’s life, but in fact in several places it raises new problems. Some considerations are needed for relocation such as location, natural and social environment, and social ties in the community. It is essential to design an efficient, effective policy to deal with natural disasters which includes sustainable livelihood and social systems. AbstrakKomunitas korban erupsi gunung berapi yang direlokasi dihadapkan pada dua kondisi goncangan yang berurutan, yakni pada saat terjadinya erupsi dan saat komunitas tersebut direlokasi. Tulisan ini mengulas sejumlah literatur yang terkait dengan relasi sosial, resiliensi komunitas terhadap bencana alam yang mereka hadapi, khususnya gunung berapi. Ulasan juga mencakup bagaimana kebijakan relokasi yang diterapkan bagi komunitas petani korban bencana alam. Kemampuan komunitas untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan akibat bencana alam dan untuk menghadapi tantangan kehidupan yang baru di kawasan relokasi ditentukan oleh kekuatan sumber daya dan kapasitas adaptif yang dimiliki oleh komunitas. Semakin bervariasi sumber daya dan semakin kuat kapasitas adaptif yang dimiliki oleh komunitas maka menentukan sejauh mana resiliensi komunitas itu berlangsung. Relasi sosial dalam bentuknya yang asosiatif semakin mempercepat terjadinya resiliensi komunitas. Relokasi yang diharapkan mampu memperbaiki kehidupan komunitas dengan menjauhkannya dari ancaman bencana yang akan datang, justru di beberapa tempat menimbulkan persoalan. Diperlukan pertimbangan dalam pelaksanaan relokasi seperti lokasi, lingkungan alam dan sosial, dan juga ikatan sosial dalam komunitas. Perlu dirumuskan kebijakan yang efektif dan efisien untuk penanggulangan dampak bencana alam yang meliputi sistem penghidupan dan sistem sosial secara berkelanjutan
Pengentasan Rumah Tangga Rawan Pangan dan Gizi: Besaran, Penyebab, Dampak, dan Kebijakan
Full text linkOne of the next development agendas is quality human capital improvement. However, the progress is affected by proportion of food insecure households not insignificantly improving. It is similar to prevalence of stunted under-five-year-old children as high as 27.9%. This paper is a critical review aiming to analyze magnitude, determinant, impact and policy alternative related with food and nutrition insecurity alleviation. Food and nutrition insecurity could be seen from perspectives of areas (island/district/city), households and individuals. Currently, there are five indicators used by the government to calculate food insecurity including three global indicators and 2 country indicators resulting in different proportion of households with food and nutrition security. There are various interlinked determinants consisting of purchasing power, sociocultural aspects, infrastructure, and natural resources. Therefore, efforts to reduce these problems should be comprehensive, sustainable and consistent in planning and implementation. Policy on self-sufficiency should be developed on the specific regions based on local resources and culture. The policy should be implemented through community empowerment especially among the poor for improving income and basic infrastructure in insecure areas. To achieve the goals, there should be collaboration between governments and representatives at central and local levels, as well as individuals
Pertanian Organik: Konsep, Kinerja, Prospek, dan Kendala
Full text linkOrganic agriculture grows rapidly both at national and global levels triggered by consumers’’ awareness of the dangers of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. Consumers are increasingly wise in choosing healthy, environmentally friendly food. The paper aims to describe the concept of organic agriculture and from international and national views, followed by an explanation of the development of organic agriculture in Indonesia. Discussion on the concept and development of organic agriculture in Indonesia covers the performance of organic agriculture development, programs, area, producers and markets. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has considerable potential to compete in international markets of organic agriculture products albeit gradually. Institutions such as those of conventional agriculture, i.e. farmers’ groups, cooperatives, associations or corporations, are still very relevant to boost organic agriculture development. Organic agricultural products in the transition period are still pioneering the market. The community is the closest market accessible. Organic farming education should involve producers and consumers. AbstrakPertanian organik tumbuh pesat di tingkat nasional maupun global. Hal ini seiring peningkatan kesadaran konsumen terhadap bahaya bahan kimia sintetis dalam produk pertanian. Konsumen makin bijak dalam memilih bahan pangan yang aman bagi kesehatan dan ramah lingkungan. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep pertanian organik menurut pandangan internasional maupun nasional, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan perkembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia. Pembahasan tentang konsep dan perkembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia mencakup kinerja perkembangan pertanian organik, program, luas areal, produsen, dan pasar produk organik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk bersaing di pasar internasional walaupun secara bertahap. Secara kelembagaan pengembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia hampir sama dengan pertanian konvensional, seperti kelompok tani, koperasi, asosiasi, atau korporasi masih sangat relevan untuk digunakan sebagai pengembangan pertanian organik. Produk pertanian organik pada masa transisi masih merintis pasar dan biasanya komunitas menjadi pasar terdekat yang bisa dijangkau. Edukasi tentang pertanian organik perlu dilakukan pada kedua sisi, produsen dan konsumen
Peran Wirausaha Pertanian dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi Inovasi
Full text linkChanges in strategic environment of economic globalization including disruptive innovation require agribusiness actors’ view adjustment. This paper discusses role of agri-entrepreneurs dealing with distrubictive innovation in agriculture. There are three elements of disrupsi innovation, i.e. (i) improvement levels acceptable to customer; (ii) improvement path when new agricultural commodities are introduced and refined through technological innovations; (iii) importance of different understanding between continuous and disruption innovations. Professional managers are encouraged to grow a new business expected to compete with the established ones. Agricultural business models for the upper-middle class consumers run by young entrepreneur produce new products with premium prices but the sale volume is limited. It is important to inspire young agri- entrepreneurs who accustomed to disrupted innovation to develop business based on their goals and market segments. AbstrakPerubahan lingkungan strategis berupa globalisasi ekonomi termasuk disrupsi inovasi memerlukan cara pandang baru pelaku usaha agribisnis. Tulisan ini membahas peran kewirausahaan agribisnis menghadapi era disrupsi inovasi. Ada tiga unsur disrupsi inovasi yang penting, yaitu: (i) tingkatan penyempurnaan yang dapat diterima oleh pelanggan; (2) jalur untuk penyempurnaan melalui terobosan inovasi; (iii) pemahaman yang berbeda antara inovasi berkelanjutan dan disrupsi inovasi. Para manajer profesional didorong untuk menumbuhkan bisnis baru yang dapat bersaing dengan bisnis yang telah mapan. Para wirausahawan muda menjalankan model bisnis pertanian dengan sasaran konsumen golongan ekonomi menengah-atas dengan introduksi komoditas kualitas prima dan harga premium, namun volume pasar terbatas. Implikasinya adalah perlu menyiapkan wirausaha pertanian muda yang memahami disrupsi inovasi untuk menghasilkan produk pertanian berdasarkan tujuan dan segmen pasarnya