Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
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Pollen Donor Position and Climate Factor Affecting Fruit Production of Nutmeg
Full text linkThe quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production. Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield. The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x. Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level. Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25o C) during the pollination period (8-7 months before harvesting) were positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production. However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield. Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production
The Growth, Productivity and Quality of Fifteen Accessions of Ceylon Cinnamon at Medium Elevation of Solok, West Sumatera
Full text linkThe evaluation of growth, productivity and quality of 15 accessions of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) at the medium elevation in Laing Research Installation Solok West Sumatra, has been conducted from January 2007 to April 2013. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments (accessions) and repeated three times. Parameter observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, bark thickness, bark production, leaf production, oil yield and components of oils. The results showed that, the highest plant height was Czl16 (497.67 cm) and Czl30 (478.33 cm). The largest stem diameter was Czl16 (12.33 cm) followed by Czl15 (11.33 cm) Czl02 (11.00 cm) and Czl29 (11.00 cm). The highest branch number was Czl30 (30.00), Czl15 (29.00), Czl22 (29.00) and Czl35 (28.66). The highest production of dry bark was Czl30 (4,350 g.treeˉ¹) and the lowest one was Czl03 (1,800 g.treeˉ¹). The highest leaf production was Czl15 (18,700 g.treeˉ¹ and Czl16 (18366.67 g.treeˉ¹), and the lowest one was Czl03 (7,633.33 g.treeˉ¹). The highest of oil yield was Czl12 and Czl30 0.75 % each and the lowest one was Czl11 (0.27 %). The highest of cinnamaldehyde content was Czl35 (61.24 %), followed by Czl22 (59.38 %) and the lowest one was Czl17 (37.78 %). The chemical components of oils of cinnamon bar analyzed by GCMS from Czl35 accession consisted of 51 components and the primary components were cinnamaldehyde 61.29 %, eugenol 6.87 %, β-caryophyllane 6.59 %, cinnamyl acetate 5.61 %, β-phellandrene 4.79 %, dillapiole 3.39 %, benzoic acid 1.82 %, Linalool 1 %, and 43 other components each below 1 %
Fumigant and Repellent Effects of Essential Oil Fractions of Mentha piperita against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Full text linkTribolium castaneum is one of the important stored-product pests in tropical countries. Fumigation with phosphine is the most commonly method to control T. castaneum. However, long-term application of phosphine will cause resistance. The aims of this research were to study the effects of fumigant and repellent of peppermint oil Mentha piperita fraction against T. castaneum, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. This research was conducted in Entomology Laboratory Seameo Biotrop and Forensic Laboratory of Indonesian Police Headquarters Jakarta, from January to October 2016. Peppermint oil was extracted by distillation from the leaves of M. piperita. Peppermint oil was fractionated by counter-current distribution method using three solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Then, the three fractions were tested as fumigant and repellent against T. castaneum. The active fraction of essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The n-hexane fraction of peppermint (HFP) was the active fraction caused mortality on larvae and adults of T. castaneum at 72 hours after fumigation. The LC95 values for the adults and larvae was 1.9 % and 9.43 % , respectively. Sublethal concentration of HFP showed inhibitory activity on larvae development. Percentage of pupae transformed from treated larvae was 48.67-74.91 % and percentage of adults emerged was 9.12-16.59 %. The repellent activity of HFP on adults of T. castaneum was 86.7 % at 72 hours after treatment. The dominant compounds of HFP was β-pinene, limonene, isopulegol, menthone, isomenthon, menthol, pulegone, and trans-carane. The HFP or its compounds was potential to be develoved as botanical insecticides.Tribolium castaneum is one of the important stored-product pests in tropical countries. Fumigation with phosphine is the most commonly method to control T. castaneum. However, long-term application of phosphine will cause resistance. The aims of this research were to study the effects of fumigant and repellent of peppermint oil Mentha piperita fraction against T. castaneum, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. This research was conducted in Entomology Laboratory Seameo Biotrop and Forensic Laboratory of Indonesian Police Headquarters Jakarta, from January to October 2016. Peppermint oil was extracted by distillation from the leaves of M. piperita. Peppermint oil was fractionated by counter-current distribution method using three solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Then, the three fractions were tested as fumigant and repellent against T. castaneum. The active fraction of essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The n-hexane fraction of peppermint (HFP) was the active fraction caused mortality on larvae and adults of T. castaneum at 72 hours after fumigation. The LC95 values for the adults and larvae was 1.9 % and 9.43 % , respectively. Sublethal concentration of HFP showed inhibitory activity on larvae development. Percentage of pupae transformed from treated larvae was 48.67-74.91 % and percentage of adults emerged was 9.12-16.59 %. The repellent activity of HFP on adults of T. castaneum was 86.7 % at 72 hours after treatment. The dominant compounds of HFP was β-pinene, limonene, isopulegol, menthone, isomenthon, menthol, pulegone, and trans-carane. The HFP or its compounds was potential to be develoved as botanical insecticides
Pengaruh Perendaman Bibit Dengan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dan Jenis Mulsa Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jahe
No full textPenelitian pengaruh perendaman bibit dengan zat pengatur tumbuh dan jenis mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jahe telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulya, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan November 1988 sampai Februari 1989. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Acak Kelompok dengan pola factorial dan 3 ulangan. Factor pertama yang diuji adalah konsentrasi Sitozim (Seed) yaitu 0, 2.5, 5.0, dan 7.5 ml/l terhadap 20 rimpang jahe per perlakuan, sedangkan factor kedua adalah jenis mulsa yaitu sekam padi, alang-alang, jerami dan seresah belukar yang masing-masing sebanyak 10 kg/petak dan tanpa mulsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perendaman rimpang dengan Sitozim pada konsentrasi yang diuji tidak berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan tanpa perendaman. Mulsi jerami menunjukkan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi rimpang jahe bila dibandingkan perlakuan mulsa lainnya pada umur tiga bulan setelah tanam
Penetapan Media Tumbuhan dan Lamanya Pengujian Viabilitas Benih Jambu Mente
No full textDetermination of germination substrate and testing period for the seed of cashewExperiment was conducted in 2 stages, determination of germination substrate and testing period. To get a suitable media for germination, 3 kind of media were assessed, i.e.: sand, soil and mixture of sand and soil (1 : 1). Seeds were collected from Yogja Merah population in Asembagus and Muktiharjo and were grouped in 4 lots differ in quality. The experimental design was a split-plot design with 4 replications, 200 seeds each. Seed lots were main plots and germination substrates were sub plots.Testing period was determined by taking 10 different seed quality lots and using the best medium from the first phase experiment. One hundred and fifty seeds from each lot were tested and each replication consisted of 50 seeds. Results showed that sand was the best medium and the testing period was 23 days
Pengguguran Bunga dengan Etefon dan Perbaikan Retensi Daun dengan NAA pada Tanamn Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.)
No full textAplikasi etefon dengan konsentrasi 0, 120, 240, dan 360 mg/kg pada bunga dan aplikasi NAA dengan konsentrasi 0, 25, 50, 75 mg/kg pada daun tanaman cengkeh telah diteliti di kebun petani, Kabupaten bandung, pada musin panen 1989. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara etefon sebagai senyawa penggugur bunga dan NAA sebagai senyawa penghambat gugur daun untuk memperoleh kombinasi yang terbaik bagi pemanenan bunga cengkeh secara kimia. Hasil penelitian tidak memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh interaksi antara etefon dan NAA bagi seluruh variable pengamatan. Oleh karena pengaruh NAA terhadap perbaikan retensi daun juga tidak tampak, maka konsentrasi etefon yang dinilai terbaik adalah 120 mg/kg sebab nilai gugur bunga tanaman cengkeh dapat diaplikasikan etefon dengan konsentrasi tersebut dapat menyamai terhadap konsentrasi etefon yang lebih tinggi, namun memiliki tingkat retensi daun terbesar dan paling dekat dengan yang tanpa diaplikasikan dengan etefon. Tidak tampak pengaruh samping etefon dan NAA terhadap pertunasan pada terminal ranting bekas aplikasiAplikasi etefon dengan konsentrasi 0, 120, 240, dan 360 mg/kg pada bunga dan aplikasi NAA dengan konsentrasi 0, 25, 50, 75 mg/kg pada daun tanaman cengkeh telah diteliti di kebun petani, Kabupaten bandung, pada musin panen 1989. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara etefon sebagai senyawa penggugur bunga dan NAA sebagai senyawa penghambat gugur daun untuk memperoleh kombinasi yang terbaik bagi pemanenan bunga cengkeh secara kimia. Hasil penelitian tidak memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh interaksi antara etefon dan NAA bagi seluruh variable pengamatan. Oleh karena pengaruh NAA terhadap perbaikan retensi daun juga tidak tampak, maka konsentrasi etefon yang dinilai terbaik adalah 120 mg/kg sebab nilai gugur bunga tanaman cengkeh dapat diaplikasikan etefon dengan konsentrasi tersebut dapat menyamai terhadap konsentrasi etefon yang lebih tinggi, namun memiliki tingkat retensi daun terbesar dan paling dekat dengan yang tanpa diaplikasikan dengan etefon. Tidak tampak pengaruh samping etefon dan NAA terhadap pertunasan pada terminal ranting bekas aplikasi
Faktor - Faktor Prapanen dan Pasca Panen Yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Benih
No full textMany factor can affect seed quality, such as inheritance, source of seed, field contamination, growing condition, post-maturation – pre-harvest conditions, harvesting, aeration and drying, handling, processing and storage.By implementing the quality control programme more intensively, the influence of those factors can be reduced as low as possible
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN KOMPOS LIMBAH NILAM DAN NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI NILAM
Full text linkPemanfaatan limbah nilam hasil penyulingan masih sangat terbatas dan pada umumnya limbah tersebut digunakan sebagai tambahan bahan bakar penyulingan nilam. Untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah nilam tersebut sekaligus membantu mengatasi kebutuhan dan mahalnya pupuk buatan saat ini maka dilakukan sebuah percobaan pot di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) Bogor pada tahun 2008. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tiga dosis pemupukan kompos limbah nilam masing-masing 0, 1,5 dan 3,0 kg pot-1 dan faktor kedua adalah tiga dosis pemupukan NPK masing-masing 0, 8, dan 16 g pot-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kompos maupun pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan jumlah cabang primer. Aplikasi tiga kilogram kompos limbah nilam pot-1 meningkatkan bobot terna nilam secara nyata pada ketiga dosis NPK yang diberikan. Tingginya kadar N pada kompos limbah nilam (3,59%) menyebabkan kompos limbah nilam sangat efektif meningkatkan kesuburan pada tanah percobaan dan memperbaiki pertumbuhan tanaman nilam. Aplikasi pupuk kompos pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk NPK (K2P0) lebih baik dibanding perlakuan pupuk NPK tanpa kompos (K0P2). Kombinasi perlakuan pemupukan kompos dan NPK tertinggi (K2P2) mampu menghasilkan terna nilam segar tertinggi sebesar 335 g tanaman-1. Proses penyulingan dan pengomposan mampu menurunkan senyawa fenolik yang bersifat alelopatik dan toksik seperti asam koumarat, asam adipat, asam sinapat, dan asam hidroksi benzoat pada daun nilam. Kadar minyak nilam varietas Sidikalang beragam dengan kisaran antara 2,39 sampai dengan 4,34% bahan kering.
Rancang Bangun Alat Kempa Daun Gambir
No full textGambir adalah ekstrak yang di peroleh dari daun gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) dan telah di keringkan, denagn kandungan utamanya senyawanya tanin. Sampai sekarang pengolahan gambir masih di kerjakan secara traditional dan memiliki kelemahan: (I) efisieni dan produktifitas rendah, (2) kurang mempehatikan aspek keselamatan dan kenyamanan bkerja. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, telah dirancang bangun alat pengempa untuk mengestrak gair. Alat pengempa ini menggunakan kombinasi ulir penekan dan dongkrak hidrolik. Kapasitas alat ini ± 40 kg daun gambir, rendemaen gambir 6,5% dengan lama proses pengempaan Rp. 221.50 per kg produk gambir. Mutu gambir yang di hsailkan memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia. Teknologi alat ini sederhana, sehingga mudah di oprasikan dan di perbaiki oleh petan
Keragaman Pertanaman Cengkeh di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara
No full textCengkeh merupakan komoditas perkebunan utama di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan luas 7.112 ha. Produksi 1988/1989 sebanyak 932 ton. Karakteristik lokasi di daerah Sulawesi Utara sebagian sangat ideal untuk pertanaman cengkeh. Namun tidak dipelihara menurut teknologi yang dianjurkan. Keragaman jenisnya tidak sebanyak di Maluku, dan fluktuasi produksinya terjadi antara 4-5 tahun sekali. Produksi bervariasi antara 11-694 kg per ha pada saat panen raya. Tipe cengkeh yang banyak dibudidayakan adalah tipe Siputih, Sikotok dan Zanzibar. Turunan. Turunan AFO di daerah Kecamatan Eris hanya 5 pohon. Harga bunga cengkeh kering pada tahun 1988 sangat rendah (tertinggi Rp. 2000,- per kg). penggerek batang merupakan hama utama kemudian gangguan penyakit : Gugur daun cengkeh (GDC), mati ranting, bercak daun, dan jamur sarang laba-laba. Sedangkan gejala penyakit Bakteri Pembuluh Kayu Cengkeh (BPKC) tidak ditemukan