Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
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Effect of Rhizome Type to Viability, Growth, and Productivity of Three Turmeric Varieties
Full text linkTurmeric development to fulfil market demand as raw material for herbal industry requires qualified planting material in adequate quantities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varieties and seeds type of turmeric to the seeds efficiency, seeds viability, plant performance and rhizome yield. This experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), Bogor and Cicurug Research Installation, Sukabumi from November 2016 to July 2017. The study was arranged in split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was three varieties of turmeric: Curdonia, Turina 2 and Turina 3. The subplot was eight types of seeds-rhizome: (a) single finger rhizome, (b) finger rhizome with one branch, (c) finger rhizome with >1 branches, (d) mother rhizome split 2 horizontally, (e) mother rhizome split 2 vertically, (f) mother rhizome split 4 horizontally, (g) mother rhizome split 4 vertically and (h) whole mother rhizome. Parameters measured were seeds viability, growth and rhizomes yield. Seeds efficiency of Curdonia and Turina 2 can be achieved by using finger rhizome of about 0.49 t.ha-1 for both varieties, rhizome yields of 6.63 t.ha-1 and 11.45 t.ha-1 respectively. Another alternative were the use of 0.47 t.ha-1 mother rhizome split 4 vertically, yielding 9.65 t.ha-1 and 14.20 t.ha-1 fresh rhizome for Curdonia and Turina 2 varieties, consecutively. However, for Turina 3 variety, the seeds efficiency was shown by using mother rhizome split 4 horizontally of 0.66 t.ha1 and yielding fresh rhizome of 17.44 t.ha-1.
Financial Feasibility Study of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seed Based-Biopesticides Production with Screw Press Method
Full text linkPemanfaatan biopestisida yang ramah lingkungan, diharapkan memiliki spektrum yang sangat luas tidak hanya mencakup pengendalian serangga pertanian tetapi juga serangga rumah tangga (household pest). Biji mimba merupakan salah satu bahan baku yang berprospek dijadikan biopestisida, karena terkandung bahan limnoid di dalamnya. Pendirian usaha biopestisida dari biji mimba harus memperhatikan diagram alir proses produksinya dan analisa kelayakan finansialnya, sehingga layak untuk didirikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari usaha produksi biopestisida dari biji mimba yang diaplikasikan pada skala industri dengan memperhatikan diagram alir proses produksinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan September-November 2017 di Pusat Penelitian Biomaterial – Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan perhitungan neraca massa laju alir pada diagram alir proses dan alat analisa kelayakan finansial dengan pendekatan NPV, IRR, Payback Period dan Profitability Index. Sesuai dengan perhitungan neraca massa laju alir ini, kandungan azadirachtin (C35H44O16) sebesar 0,01 kg/jam dengan rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan sebesar 25%. Analisa kelayakan finansial menunjukkan usaha biopestisida ini memiliki nilai NPV Rp. 202.719.354, IRR 20,60%, Payback Period 2 tahun 1 bulan, dan Profitability Index 1,09. Dari keempat kriteria kelayakan di atas menunjukkan bahwa usaha pembuatan biopestisida dengan minyak mimba layak untuk dilaksanakan. Pelaku usaha diharapkan menjaga stabilitas dari ketersediaan bahan baku maupun harga dari biji mimba itu sendiri agar kelangsungan usaha biopestisida terus berjalan. Kata kunci: biji mimba, biopestisida, kelayakan finansial, laju alir Neem seed is a potential material for biopesticides, due to its limnoid content in the oil-seed. One of the methods for extracting neem seed oil is using screw press. The study aimed to determine the financial feasibility of neem seed based-biopesticides production for industrial-scale using flow chart of production approach. The tools used in this research was the financial feasibility approach such as NPV, IRR, Payback Period and Profitability Index. The financial feasibility study showed that biopesticides production was obtained at NPV Rp 3,026,193,872.00, IRR 46.90 %, Payback Period at 2 years 1 month, and Profitability Index at 2.40. The result of financial feasibility indicated that the biopesticides production using a screw press method at an industrial scale was feasible to be done. Sensitivity analysis showed that fluctuation of raw material cost and price of biopesticides product, affected the feasibility of neem seed based-biopesticides production using screw press method. This feasibility study is expected to be used as an initial reference for developing the potential of neem seed as biopesticides
The Response of Citronella Grass on Several NPKMg Fertlization Levels in Latosol Soil Type
Full text linkCitronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus var genuinus L) is an essential oil-producing plant known as "Citronella Oil of Java". Oil is resulted from leaf distillation. The fertilization of N, P, K and Mg was expected to enhance herb productivity and oil yield of citronella grass. The research was conducted at Cicurug Experimental Garden, Sukabumi from August 2016 - February 2017. The objective of this research was to determine the proper dosage of NPKMg fertilizer on citronella grass in Latosol soil type. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 6 fertilization treatments and 4 replications. Fertilizer treatments were (1) without fertilizer (control), (2) NPKMg (12:12:17:2): (2) at the dosage of 141 kg.ha-1,(3) 281 kg.ha-1, (4) 421 kg.ha-1, (5) 526 kg.ha-1, and (6) Urea 150 kg.ha-1, SP-36 50 kg.ha-1 and KCl 125 kg.ha-1 (as comparison). The NPKMg fertilization on citronella grass enhanced plant growth and increased the productivity of biomass and oil yield. The application of NPKMg fertilization (12:12:17:2) 141 kg.ha-1 produced 23 tons of herbs, increased by 30.8 % compared to NPK fertilization without Mg. The dosage of NPKMg fertilizer (12-12-17-2) at 281 kg.ha-1 indicated the best growth and the highest herb production (24 ton.ha-1), increased by 39 %, while the highest oil content (1.4 %) was shown by 421 kg.ha-1 NPKMg (12-12-17-2) treatment, although the oil yield was insignificant compared to 281 kg.ha-1. Thus, the dosage of 281 kg.ha-1 NPKMg (12:12:17:2) can be recommended for citronella grass cultivated at Latosol soil typ
The Synergy Effect of Azadirachtin and Minor Components of Neem Seed Oil on Antifeedant Activity of Spodoptera litura
Full text linkAzadirachtin in neem oil (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) might have potential synergism effect with a minor compound in the neem oil as an antifeedant. This study aimed to determine the content of minor components that have the most significant contribution to the effect of synergy with the main component (azadirachtin) in antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura. Neem oil was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The antifeedant activity of three neem oil fractions was evaluated using the 4th instar of S. litura larvae. The bioassay was conducted using the choice leaf disc test with 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 % (v/v) concentrations of each fraction. The concentration of the fractions showed equal azadirachtin content, hence the antifeedant activity represented the effect of the minor component in the fraction. The best activity was shown by water fraction (84-100 %). Probit analysis of the antifeedant activity of all fractions showed that water fraction has the best effective inhibitory (EI50) at 1.0 %. The minor component in the water fraction was dominated by phenol compounds (48.5 %) which were suspected to synergize with the main component (azadirachtin) in increasing the antifeedant activity on S. litura. These results indicated the phenol compound in this fraction has the role in increasing azadirachtin antifeedant activity against S. litura
