Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
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Antioxidant Activity of Kecibeling, Red Mangrove, and Star Gooseberry at Different Extraction Methods and Extract Ratios
Full text linkTumbuhan obat Indonesia, seperti kecibeling {Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume}, bakau merah (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) dan katuk {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.} mengandung senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ekstraksi (maserasi dan infusa) dan rasio perbandingan ekstrak daun kecibeling dan bakau merah, serta batang katuk, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak. Serbuk simplisia kering berukuran 40 mesh dari daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 % (metode maserasi) dan dengan pelarut air (metode infusa). Ekstrak tunggal atau kombinasi ekstrak tunggal daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk (1:1:1; 1:1:2; 1:2:1; dan 2:1:1) diuji aktivitas antioksidannya berdasarkan metode radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Metode maserasi dengan etanol lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode infusa dengan air. Antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol daun kecibeling menunjukkan aktivitas paling kuat dengan nilai konsentrasi penghambatan (IC50) sebesar 37,65 ppm dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol tunggal dari daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk (2:1:1) bersifat sinergis dengan aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat (IC50= 18,78 ppm), tetapi masih di bawah aktivitas antioksidan vitamin C (IC50 = 4,24 ppm). Ekstrak etanol daun kecibeling secara tunggal atau dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak etanol daun bakau merah dan batang katuk berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antioksidan.Indonesian medicinal plants, such as Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume (locally known as kecibeling), red mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) and star gooseberry {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.} contain active compounds that act as antioxidants. The study aimed to determine the effect of extraction methods (maceration and infusion) on the antioxidant activity of both single extract and several combination ratios of the extracts mixture of kecibeling leaves, red mangrove leaves and star gooseberry stems. Dried powdered of the samples of a 40 mesh size were extracted using 96 % ethanol solvent (maceration method) and water solvent (infusion method). A single extract or a combination of the three-single extracts (1: 1: 1; 1: 1: 2; 1: 2: 1; and 2: 1: 1) were then evaluated for their antioxidant activity based on the free radical method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In general, extraction method using ethanol (maceration) was better than water (infusion). Antioxidants activities from ethanol extracts of the kecibeling leaves showed the strongest activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 37.65 ppm than the infusion extracts. The combination of a single ethanol extract from the three plants at a ratio of 2: 1: 1 was synergistic, which indicated by its strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 18.78 ppm). However, it still below the antioxidant activity of vitamin C (IC50 = 4.24 ppm). Ethanol extract of kecibeling leaves singly or combined with the ethanol extracts of red mangrove leaves and star gooseberry stems can be developed as a potential antioxidant
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Anti-Elastase dari Ekstrak Etanol Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Full text linkSkin aging due to the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and toxic ingredients in cosmetics is still a problem. Tomato has antioxidant and skin protection activities. The study aimed to investigate the potential of tomato as an antioxidant and elastase inhibitor. A 170 g of tomato simplicial powder was extracted using ethanol 70% by the maceration method. Antioxidant activity was measured through 2,2’-Azino-bis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)-reducing activity. The antiaging activity was measured through anti-elastase activity. Tomato extract (SLE) showed strong ABTS-reducing activity (IC50 = 86.66 ± 10.58) and very strong anti-elastase activity (IC50 = 19.73 ± 0.44). In conclusion, there was a linear correlation between antioxidant activity and anti-elastase activity. However, the antioxidant activity and anti-elastase activity of tomatoes were still below lycopene (IC50 antioxidant = 49.23 ± 2.06 µg.ml-1 and IC50 anti-elastase = 10.39 ± 0.43 49.23 ± 2.06 µg.ml-1). However, it was worth to be developed as a natural product as an antioxidant and anti-elastase. Further study is required to do fractionation to get the purer lycopene compound from tomato.Penuaan pada kulit akibat kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh radiasi ultraviolet dan penggunaan kosmetik yang mengandung bahan beracun masih menjadi masalah saat ini. Tomat mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan perlindungan kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak etanol tomat sebagai antioksidan dan antipenuaan (anti-elastase). Ekstrak tomat diperoleh dari serbuk simplisia tomat yang diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur melalui aktivitas pengurangan 2,2’-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) dan aktivitas antipenuaan diukur melalui aktivitas anti-elastase. Ekstrak tomat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan anti-elastase yang kuat. Aktivitas IC50 penurunan ABTS adalah 86,66 ± 10,58 µg.ml-1 dan IC50 aktivitas anti-elastase sebesar 19,73 ± 0,44 µg.ml-1. Aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas anti-elastase berkorelasi linier, artinya semakin besar aktivitas antioksidan semakin tinggi anti-elastasenya. Walaupun aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas anti-elastase tomat masih di bawah likopen (IC50 antioksidan = 49,23 ± 2,06 µg.ml-1 dan IC50 anti-elastase = 10,39 ± 0,43 µg.ml-1), tetapi layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai antioksidan dan anti-elastase alami. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan fraksinasi untuk mendapatkan senyawa likopen dari tomat yang lebih murni
Effect of Citronella Nano Biopesticide Against Mosaic Virus and Its Vector on Patchouli
Full text linkThe mosaic disease declines production and oil quality of patchouli. Antiviral-based citronella oil has been formulated using a spontaneous emulsification technique (nanotechnology). The previous result of the greenhouse trial showed the formula at 1-1.5 % concentrations suppressed the development of virus of about 82.5 %. The field-scale tests is necessary to be performed to validate the effectiveness of citronella nano biopesticide (CNB) against the mosaic virus and its vector on patchouli. The study was conducted in patchouli plantation at two locations (Pandeglang, Banten and Manoko, West Java). The research was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 10 replications, each replication consisted of 50 plants. The treatments were formula of CNB at the concentration of (1) 0.5 %, (2) 1 %, (3) 1.5 %, (4) 2 %, (5) insecticide (deltamethrin 0.2 %), and (6) control. The results showed that CNB formula at 1 % concentration with a monthly application effectively suppressed the development of mosaic disease in patchouli plants, and at 2 % concentration to control rolled-leaf aphid. The lowest intensity of mosaic disease (at 1 % concentration) was in Banten (23.12 %) and in West Java (18.35 %), while in control ranged from 26.31-44.94 % (Banten) and 19.60-23.12 % (West Java). Efficacy Index (EI) in Banten ranged from 12.12-48.55 % and in West Java was 6.38-20.63 %. The lowest intensity of aphid attack was showed by insecticide and CNB at 2 % concentration. The EI of CNB was 35.33 % (Banten) and 51.71 % (West Java) respectively
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI MIMBA, MAHONI DAN SUREN TERHADAP LARVA Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera)
Full text linkNeem, mahogany, and surian seeds contain secondary metabolites that can be used as biopesticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neem, mahogany, and surian seed extracts to the larvae of the Tenebrio molitor L. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) at laboratory scale. The stages of the research were the preparation of seed extracts, phytochemical analysis of the extracts, and efficacy of extracts against T. molitor larvae. Dried seeds of neem, surian, and mahogany (water content < 10%) were ground (100 mesh) and macerated with 95% ethanol solvent for seven hours at 70 oC. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/the triterpenoid were then analyzed. The effectiveness of the extracts was testedagainst the 3rd larva of T. molinor. The experiment designed in Randomize block design, three replications, each with ten larvae. The first factor was seed extracts (neem, surian, and mahogany), while the second factor was five levels of extract concentration (0 mg;l-1, 9 mg.l-1, 15 mg.l-1, 30 mg.l-1 and 45 mg.l-1). Phytochemical analysis showed that mahogany seeds contained alkaloids and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, surian seeds contained tannin, alkaloid, steroid/triterpenoid, but neem seeds contained saponin and alkaloids. The mahogany, surian, and neem seed extracts were effective in causing significant mortality to T. molitor larvae. Ethanol extract of neem seeds was more toxic to larvae (LC50 = 0.72 mg.l-1), compared to mahogany (LC50 = 5.2 mg.l-1) and surian (LC50 = 7.02 mg.l-1). Mimba seed extract is more prospective to be developed as a botanical insecticide.Biji mimba, mahoni, dan suren mengandung metabolit sekunder yang dapat digunakan sebagai biopestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak biji mimba, mahoni, dan suren terhadap larva uji Tenebrio molitor L. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) pada skala laboratorium. Tahapan penelitian adalah penyiapan ekstrak biji, analisis fitokimia ekstrak, dan pengujian efikasi ekstrak terhadap serangga uji (T. molitor). Biji mimba, suren, dan mahoni yang telah kering (kadar air < 10%) dihaluskan (100 mesh), dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95% selama tujuh jam pada suhu 70 oC, lalu dianalisis kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid/triterpenoidnya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Acak Kelompok, 3 ulangan, masing-masing 10 ekor larva. Faktor pertama adalah tiga jenis ekstrak biji (mimba, suren, dan mahoni), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lima taraf konsentrasi ekstrak (0 mg.l-1, 9 mg.l-1, 15 mg.l-1, 30 mg.l-1 dan 45 mg.l-1). Pengujian keefektifan ekstrak dilakukan pada T. molitor, larva instar ketiga. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa biji mahoni mengandung alkaloid dan triterpenoid, pada biji suren terdapat kandungan tannin, alkaloid, steroid/triterpenoid sedangkan pada biji mimba mengandung saponin dan alkaloid. Hasil uji efikasi ekstrak biji mahoni, suren dan mimba efektif menyebabkan kematian secara nyata pada larva T. molitor. Ekstrak etanol biji mimba lebih toksik terhadap larva uji (LC50 = 0,72 mg.l-1), dibandingkan mahoni (LC50 = 5,2 mg.l-1) dan suren (LC50 = 7,02 mg.l-1). Ekstrak biji mimba lebih prospektif dikembangkan sebagai insektisida nabati
The Variability of Crossbreed-cashew Accession Numbers at Two Years Age Based on Morphological Characters
Full text linkCashew in cross-pollinated plants, one effort to improve the diversity gentik in germplasm of cashew nut was carried out by a cross between high-producing elders and the elderly tolerant of helopeltis sp. The aimed of this study is to know the variability of 25 accession of cashew nut hybrid based on leaf morphology characters. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Station, from January to December 2016, using direct observation method the qualitative and quantitative morphological characters of the cashew at the age of two years. Observations were done on eight plants per plot, each observed as many as 50 leaves per plant. The result showed that the morphology character of cashew nut varied. Character of leaf ovatus, obovatus, and oblong The trunk and rounded ends, pointed and blunt. Form the edge of the leaf, form the bottom and top surfaces smooth leaves. The color of the adult leaves was dark green, and young leaves were reddish brown and yellowish green. The diversity 18.35-100 % and the level the closeness of 0.10-0.38, divided into two groups. Group one separated by characters a leaf shape oblongus, leaf base form of the rotundatus, leaf tip shape rotundatus and obtusus and young leaves color BGB N199 A, group two separated by the characters of the leaf shape obovate, leaf base form of the obtusus, leaf tip shape acuminatus and retusus and young leaves color GB 200 B. The lenght of the leaf characters, the width of the leaf, the leaf thickness and the length of the petiole vary with the degree of diversity 47.67-96.94 % and the proximity distance 0.19-6.19 which is divided into teo groups. One group was separated by the the highest leaf length character 17.6-20.6 cm, whereas the two group was separated by the smallest leaf length character 14.6-17.1 cm
The Potency Of Extract Tegining Ganang Leaf (Cassia Planisiqua Burm.f.) As Analgesic On Mice (Mus musculus L.) By Chemical And Hot Plate Induction Method
No full textTegining ganang (Cassia planisiliqua) is an indigenous plant of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which has potentials to treat various diseases. Previous research showed that the plant has analgesic activity, but the results were still less satisfactory due to the low analgesic effectiveness (<50 %). This study aimed to examine the analgesic potential of tegining ganang leaf extract through chemical induction and hot plate induction methods. In vivo testing was conducted on male mice using those two methods to evaluate plant effectiveness as both a central and peripheral analgesic. Tegining ganang leaves collected from the village of Peresak, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, were extracted in ethanol 70%. The treatments were extract dosages, viz. 200, 400, 800 mg.kg-1 body weight (BW) of mice. The positive control treatments for the chemical induction and hot plate induction methods were Acetosal and Tramadol, respectively. Meanwhile, the negative control treatment was Na CMC at 0.5%. The analgesic effectiveness of the extract in both chemical and hot plate induction methods was 50 %. The optimum effectiveness for chemical induction was at 800 mg.kg-1 body weight, whereas for hot plate induction was at 200 mg.kg-1 body weight. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of tegining ganang leaves was potential to be developed as an analgesic material.Tegining ganang is a plant found in Lombok has potential to overcome various diseases but not many have examined it in laboratory because local people still consider this plant as wild plants. Researchers wanted to prove in vivo the analgesic potential of this plant extract by testing the extract in experimental animals male mice using two methods, namely chemical induction and hot-plate induction. The use of these two methods to prove the effectiveness of these plants both as central analgesics and peripheral analgesics. The treatment group was divided into 200 mg / kg BW, 400 mg / kg BB, 800 mg / Kg BB mice. Based on the research results obtained that the extract is very potential as an analgesic when compared with controls. Both with chemical induction and thermal induction indicated good effectiveness for use as candidates for analgesic drugs. In the chemical induction analgesic test, the effectiveness percentage was 98.90% compared to the positive control, and the induction analgesic test obtained an effectiveness percentage of 123.9% compared to the positive control
