Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
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The Effect of Essential Oil Formula and Para Menthane Diol on Mortality and Oviposition Deterrent of Brown Planthopper
Full text linkEssential oils such as clove, lemongrass, and citronella are known as botanical insecticides. Mixed-essential oils and a single compound of the oil itself may increase its efficacy. The experiment aimed to examine the effect of the essential oil mixture and para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) formulas in inhibiting of the egg-laying and mortality of brown planthopper. The study conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The formula tested were clove+citronella oils (1:1), clove+lemongrass oils (1:1), the single essential oil, solvent materials (a mixture of tween 80, Turpentine, and surfactant), PMD-solvent substances (emulsifier, alcohol 96%, and surfactant). A contact application was applied to the insect. Observation parameters were egg numbers laid and brown planthopper adult and nymph mortalities. The result of the insect contact application method showed that adult mortality was not significantly different compare with control and synthetic insecticide. Based on the plant residue test, nymph mortality due to clove oil + citronella oils were not significantly different from control and insecticide. Meanwhile, based on the insect and plant spray test, adult mortality on clove oil + citronella was not differently significant from the synthetic insecticide. However, the effectiveness of clove+lemongrass oils was slower. The efficacy of the oil formula to the egg laid was significantly different from the synthetic insecticide treatment, i.e., fewer eggs laid. PMD was less effective than the essential oil formula on the nymphs and adult mortalities of brown planthopper. Further field evaluations of the clove oil + citronella formulas are required
Formula of Yellow Kepok Banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana) Corm Extracts As Antiinflamation
Full text linkBananas have many types and benefits. One of them is the Yellow Kepok Banana. Banana stem, leaf midrib, and corm contain phytochemicals compound as medicinal properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of the yellow kepok banana corm extract formula as an anti-inflammatory. Banana corm was cut into 0.3 x 1 x 3 cm pieces, dried in the oven with temperature 60 °C for 6 hours, then made 40 mesh powder. The powder extracted using 70 % ethanol by maceration technique for 24 hours, repeated three times. Anti-inflammatory testing was carried out on male Sprague Dawley white rats. A total of 24 white rats were divided into six treatment groups, consists of different concentrations of the extract (10, 15, and 20 %), positive control (commercial ointment), negative control, and a normal control (giving a wound without being given any formula). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete, with four replications, data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Post Hoc Games Howell Test. The results showed that the yellow kepok banana extract formula had the potential for wound healing. The 20 % extract formula can accelerate wound healing in a day than the 10 and 15 % formulas. The speed is shown by wound healing without scars from the 20 % extract formula, which occurs earlier than other formulas. The anti-inflammatory activity of the 20 % formula was comparable to the positive control of commercial ointment. The anti-inflammatory activity of the yellow kepok banana ointment formula is related to the compound of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The results indicate that the yellow kepok banana corm extract has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory drug
Secondary Metabolite Activities of Endophytic Bacteria from White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) as Plant Growth Promoter
Full text linkBakteri endofit mengkolonisasi jaringan tanaman dan berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan adaptasi tanaman inang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keragaman bakteri endofit dari tanaman kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) dan mengetahui aktivitasnya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman kunyit putih diperoleh dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro). Isolasi bakteri endofit dari bagian daun, rimpang primer dan sekunder kunyit putih menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA). Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan 16S rDNA. Isolat tersebut selanjutnya diuji kemampuannya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan penghasil enzim. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi, diperoleh 21 isolat, terbanyak diperoleh dari bagian rimpang primer (47,62%), rimpang sekunder (19,05%) dan daun (33,33%). Hasil sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan komunitas bakteri endofit pada tanaman kunyit putih terdiri dari empat filum yaitu β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Flavobacteria dan Firmicutes yang merepresentasikan delapan genus. Lima isolat mempunyai aktivitas sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, sedang enam isolat menghasilkan enzim. Terdapat 13 isolat mempunyai aktivitas ganda sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan aktivitas enzimatik, sedangkan delapan isolat hanya memiliki salah satu aktivitas tersebut. Bakteri endofit yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman berpotensi digunakan sebagai pupuk hayati untuk menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman kunyit putih.Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue and contribute to the host plant's growth, development, and adaptation. This study aimed to examine the endophytic bacteria diversity associated with white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) and determine its activity as a plant growth promoter. White turmeric plants were obtained from the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crop Research Institute (Balittro). The isolation of endophytic bacteria from leaves, a primary and secondary rhizome of white turmeric using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium. Identification of the isolates was conducted based on 16S rDNA. The isolates were tested for their ability as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer. Based on the morphological characteristic, 21 isolates were obtained from the primary rhizome (47.62%), secondary rhizome (19.05%), and leaves (33.33%), respectively. The sequencing result of 16S rDNA showed that the endophytic bacteria community consisted of four phyla, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Firmicutes, which represented eight genera. Five isolates had several activities as a plant growth promoter, while six isolates had several enzymatic activities. Thirteen isolates had both activities, as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer, while eight isolates only had single action. Endophytic bacteria potential as plant growth promoters can be used for supporting the cultivation of white turmeric plants
KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI DARI PERAKARAN Nepenthes mirabilis UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAYATI Fusarium oxysporum
Full text linkPhytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum causes significant yield losses in various spices plants. The fungus can be controlled with numerous types of antagonistic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the physiological characteristic and antagonistic properties of the bacterial from the roots of Nepenthes mirabilis, as a biological control to F. oxysforum. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Borneo, Tarakan, from October to November 2017. Nutrient Agar medium was used to isolate antagonistic bacteria from the roots of N. mirabilis. Biosafety test against plants and mammals were conducted using hypersensitive and hemolysis analysis. The bacterial isolates passed from those tests were characterized further for their phenotype and physiological properties as well as their ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum in a dual culture test in vitro. The results showed that there were 10 out of26 bacterial isolates originated from N. mirabilis roots that were safe for plants and mammals. Physiological tests showed that four isolates could produce the proteolytic enzyme, five isolates produced the chitinolytic enzyme, six isolates were able to dissolve phosphate, and four isolates could produce HCN. Furthermore, three isolates (Mrb2, Mrb6, and Mrb16) showed inhibitory activity against Fusarium spp. There were differences in the phenotype character and physiological activity between the Mrb2, Mrb6, and Mrb16 isolates, but all three have the potential to inhibit F. oxysporum.Cendawan patogen Fusarium oxysporum dapat mengakibatkan kerugian besar pada berbagai tanaman rempah. Fusarium oxysporum dilaporkan dapat dikendalikan dengan bakteri antagonis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter fisiologi dan antagonis bakteri dari perakaran Nepenthes mirabilis, sebagai pengendali hayati F. oxysforum. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borneo, Tarakan, sejak Oktober sampai November 2017. Medium Nutrient Agar (NA) digunakan untuk mengisolasi bakteri antagonis dari akar N. mirabilis. Pengujian keamanan hayati terhadap tanaman dan mamalia dilakukan menggunakan uji hipersensitif dan uji hemolisis. Isolat bakteri yang aman kemudian dikarakterisasi fenotip dan sifat fisiologisnya serta diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat F. oxysporum secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 dari 26 isolat bakteri dari akar N. mirabilis yang aman bagi tanaman dan mamalia. Uji fisiologis menunjukkan empat isolat dapat menghasilkan enzim proteolitik, lima isolat menghasilkan enzim kitinolitik, enam isolat mampu melarutkan fosfat, dan empat isolat dapat memproduksi HCN. Sebanyak 3 isolat (Mrb2, Mrb6, dan Mrb16) menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap F. oxysporum secara in vitro
Potency of Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita) Leaves Extract as Antiplasmodial against Plasmodium falciparum
Full text linkPaliasa (Kleinhovia hospita) dikenal sebagai salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang telah digunakan secara empiris sebagai obat malaria terutama di bagian Timur Indonesia. Namun, publikasi ilmiah terkait aktivitas antiplasmodium bahan alam tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi antiplasmodium dari daun paliasa terhadap parasit Plasmodium falciparum. Tahapan penelitian meliputi persiapan sampel dan ekstrak, pengujian aktivitas antiplasmodium secara in vitro pada P. falciparum strain 3D7, dan penapisan fitokimia menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Sampel penelitian berupa ekstrak dan fraksi diperoleh melalui proses maserasi selama 3 x 24 jam dalam pelarut etanol pro analysis, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan partisi cair-cair bertingkat menggunakan pelarut heksana, etil asetat dan metanol pro analysis. Pengujian antiplasmodium in vitro menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat (IC50 1,08 µg.ml-1) dan heksana (IC50 3,69 µg.ml-1) memiliki aktivitas dengan kategori sangat aktif. Penapisan fitokimia daun paliasa menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid dan steroid. Senyawa alkaloid terpenoid berupa sikloartane triterpenoid alkaloid. Daun paliasa diduga berperan aktif sebagai senyawa antiplasmodium. Namun, perlu dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut untuk memastikan jenis senyawa aktif tersebut serta mekanismenya sebagai antiplasmodiumPaliasa (Kleinhovia hospita) is known as a plant that has been used empirically for malaria treatment, especially in Eastern Indonesia. However, scientific publications regarding to the antiplasmodial activity of these natural resources are still limited. The aim of this study was to examine the potency of paliasa leaves as antiplasmodial against Plasmodium falciparum parasite. The procedure included sample and extract preparation, antiplasmodial in vitro activity testing on P. falciparum strain 3D7, and phytochemical screening using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The extracts and fractions were prepared through maceration process for 72 hours with 96% ethanol, then continued with multilevel liquid-liquid partition using hexane, ethyl acetate and 96% methanol. Antiplasmodial in vitro testing showed that ethyl acetate (IC50 1.08 µg.ml-1) and hexane (IC50 1.24 µg.ml-1) fractions were include to the highly activity category. The research samples contained alkaloids, triterpenoids and steroids as the major compounds. The terpenoid alkaloid compound was a cycloartane triterpenoid alkaloid that had been isolated from paliasa leaves. Therefore, it is assumed that the leaf of palasia has a compound with antiplasmodial activity. However, more research needs to be done to determine the active compound and the antiplasmodial mechanisms involve
KERAGAMAN GENETIK CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS ASAL TANAMAN TAPAK DARA, NILAM, KARUK, MELATI, DAN KUMIS KUCING
Full text linkCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) symptoms are found in Catharanthus roseus, patchouly (Pogostemon cablin), cubeb (Piper chaba), Jasminum sambac and Java-tea (Orthosiphon aristatus); however, their genetic characterization has not been studied. The study aimed to molecularly characterize the CMV isolates from Catharanthus roseus, patchouly, cubeb, Jasminum sambac and Java-tea. Disease plant samples showing mosaic and yellow mosaic symptoms were collected from Petak Pamer Garden, ISMCRI, Bogor. Molecular characterization was carried out by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using a specific primer of CMV coat protein gene and DNA sequenced. Sequence analysis was performed using the BLAST, Bioedit, Genedoc, Mega 5 programs. The RT-PCR technique succeeded in amplifying a DNA band measuring 650 bp, according to the prediction of the primary design. BLAST analyses revealed that all of these CMV isolates belonged to subgroup IB. Nucleotide sequence homology of CMV from C. roseus, patchouly, P. chaba, and J. sambac, were more than 95.00%. Based on the phylogenetic tree, these four isolates were closely related to CMV isolate from Japan (AB070622). Homology of the nucleotide sequence of CMV from Java-tea with the other four isolates was below 95.00%. This isolate clustered with CMV isolate from Indonesia (AB042294) and was separated with another four isolates according to the phylogeny tree. In the amino acid sequence alignment, Java-tea isolates had five different amino acids compared to the other four isolates. This result indicates the possibility of CMV transmission between patchouly, Java-tea, C. roseus and J. sambac, so it must be anticipated to prevent its spread. Gejala infeksi Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) ditemukan pada tanaman tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus), nilam (Pogostemon cablin), karuk (Piper chaba), melati (Jasminum sambac), dan kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus), tetapi karakteristik genetiknya belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengarakterisasi secara molekuler isolat CMV dari tapak dara, nilam, karuk, melati, dan kumis kucing. Sampel tanaman sakit yang menunjukkan gejala mosaik dan mosaik kuning diambil dari Kebun Petak Pamer, Balittro, Bogor. Deteksi molekuler dilakukan secara reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer spesifik yang mengamplifikasi bagian selubung protein CMV. Konfirmasi hasil RT-PCR dilakukan secara sikuensing. Analisis sikuen dilakukan menggunakan program BLAST, Bioedit, Genedoc dan Mega X. Teknik RT-PCR berhasil mengamplifikasi pita DNA berukuran 650 pb, sesuai prediksi desain primer. Hasil analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa seluruh isolat merupakan CMV subgroup IB. Sikuen nukleotida isolat CMV asal tapak dara, karuk, nilam dan melati memiliki homologi > 95%, dan berdasarkan analisis filogeni, keempat isolat tersebut dekat dengan isolat CMV dari Jepang (AB070622). Homologi sikuen nukleotida isolat CMV asal kumis kucing sebesar < 95% dibandingkan empat isolat CMV lain. Berdasarkan pohon filogeni, isolat tersebut dekat dengan isolat CMV asal Indonesia (AB042294), terpisah dengan empat isolat lain. Pada pensejajaran runutan asam amino, isolat kumis kucing memiliki lima perbedaan asam amino dibandingkan empat isolat lainnya. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa potensi penularan CMV antara tanaman nilam, kumis kucing, tapak dara, dan melati sangat memungkinkan sehingga harus diantisipasi pencegahan penyebarannya