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A survey on variational characterizations for nonlinear eigenvalue problems. ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis
No full textVariational principles are very powerful tools when studying self-adjoint linear operators on a Hilbert space . Bounds for eigenvalues, comparison theorems, interlacing results, and monotonicity of eigenvalues can be proved easily with these characterizations, to name just a few. In this paper we consider generalizations of these principles to families of linear, self-adjoint operators depending continuously on a scalar in a real interval
The Decision of Whether to Have a Child: Does Couple Disagreement Matter?
No full textMost of the international studies on fertility are based on a female perspective. A majordifficulty in couple-level research is the need for high-quality data that includes informationon both partners. Using couple data from a longitudinal study conducted in Italy [2003-2007],a country with persistently low fertility levels, we examined the effect of disagreement withina couple about childbearing behaviour. The starting point was the hypothesis advanced in anearlier study that Italian women prevail in reproductive decision-making, because childbearinglies mainly in their sphere of influence. The data revealed that the decision rules are parityspecific.At parities zero and one, the disagreement produced an intermediate childbearingoutcome irrespective of which partner wanted a(nother) child; while at higher parities, anasymmetrical veto power model in which the female partner had greater influence wasobserved. The findings suggest that the predictive power of short-term fertility intentionsstrongly improves if both partners’ views are considered in fertility models, and thus supportthe adoption of couple analysis in fertility research
Preliminaries. Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik|Iranianate and Syriac Christianity in Late Antiquity and Early Islamic Period Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik 87|
No full textTitelei. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2021|
No full textWilleke, Willem
No full text* 29.9.1880 Den Haag/NL, † 26.11.1950 Pittsfield, MA/USA. Cellist, Komponist, Musikpädagoge
Erster Nachweis mittelpaläolithischer Steintechnologie im Burgenland (Österreich). Eine techno-typologische Analyse der Oberflächenfunde vom Csaterberg. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textDas Mittelpaläolithikum in Österreich steht mangels diagnostischer Inventare aus gesicherten stratigraphischen Kontexten im Schatten der namhaften jungpaläolithischen Fundstellen. Aus dem Burgenland wurde bisher noch keine einzige Besiedlung zu Zeiten des Neandertalers vermeldet. Bei Oberflächenaufsammlungen an der im Neolithikum genutzten Rohmateriallagerstätte Csaterberg wurden jedoch Steinartefakte aufgefunden, die auf eine mittelpaläolithische Präsenz hindeuteten. Basierend auf einer Merkmalanalyse wurde eine techno-typologische Untersuchung des Fundmaterials durchgeführt, um primär festzustellen, ob tatsächlich von einer Begehung im Mittelpaläolithikum ausgegangen werden kann. Des Weiteren wurde angestrebt, die steintechnologischen Eigenheiten des Inventars hervorzuheben und Aussagen über Mobilitätsstrategien zu treffen. Abschließend sollten die Ergebnisse zu einer Einbindung der Fundstelle in die chronokulturelle Gliederung des Mittelpaläolithikums führen. Taphonomisch, aber vor allem techno-typologisch und auch techno-ökonomisch, konnte eine Begehung des Csaterberges im Mittelpaläolithikum identifiziert werden, womit erstmals im Burgenland ein Beleg für diese Zeitstufe vorliegt. Das mittelpaläolithische Inventar zeichnet sich durch die Herstellung von bifaziell formüberarbeiteten Werkzeugen, die Dominanz von Schabern und die vorwiegende Grundformenproduktion mittels des Levalloiskonzepts aus. Trotz der geringen Artefaktanzahl konnten viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit anderen Fundstellen des österreichischen Mittelpaläolithikums aufgezeigt werden. Der überregionale zentraleuropäische Vergleich deutet auf eine Zuweisung des Inventars in die Phase des späten Neandertalers. Damit trägt der Csaterberg zum besseren Verständnis des österreichischen Mittelpaläolithikums bei und bereichert die Mittelpaläolithforschung in Österreich um eine weitere, vorerst zumindest typo-chronologisch datierbare Fundstelle
New Times, Old Beliefs: Projecting the Future Size of Religions in Austria
No full textProjecting the religious composition of the population is relevant for several reasons. It is akey characteristic influencing several aspects of individual behaviour, including marriageand childbearing patterns. The religious composition is also a driver of social cohesion andincreased religious diversity could imply a more fragmented society. In this context,Austria finds itself in a period of transition where the long-time dominant Roman-Catholicchurch faces a serious decline in membership, while other groups, particularly the secularsand the Muslims, increase their influence. We project religions in Austria until 2051 byconsidering relative fertility rates, religion-specific net migration, and the rate ofconversion between religions and transmission of religious beliefs from parents to children.We find that the proportion of Roman Catholics is likely to decrease from 75% in 2001 toless than 50% by the middle of the century, unless current trends in fertility, secularisationor immigration are to change. The share of Protestants is estimated to reach a levelbetween 3 and 5% in 2051. The most uncertain projections are for those without religiousaffiliation: they could number as little as 10% and as many as 33%. The Muslimpopulation—which grew from 1% in 1981 to 4% in 2001—will, according to ourestimates, represent 14 to 26% of the population by 2051. If current fertility trends remainconstant, Islam could represent the majority religion for those below 15 years of age in2051. Other religion categories are estimated to constitute 7-12% of the population by2051
The mathematics of the reproduction number R for Covid-19: A primer for demographers. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research|Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2022|
No full textSupplementary FilesData Set (Excel)Data Set (DTA)The reproduction number R is a key indicator used to monitor the dynamics of Covid-19 and to assess the effects of infection control strategies that frequently have high social and economic costs. Despite having an analog in demography’s “net reproduction rate” that has been routinely computed for a century, demographers may not be familiar with the concept and measurement of R in the context of Covid-19. This article is intended to be a primer for understanding and estimating R in demography. We show that R can be estimated as a ratio between the numbers of new cases today divided by the weighted average of cases in previous days. We present two alternative derivations for these weights based on how risks have changed over time: constant vs. exponential decay. We then provide estimates of these weights, and demonstrate their use in calculating R to trace the course of the first pandemic year in 53 countries
The Resolution of Boundary Disputes between the Habsburgs and the Venetians in Istria by the Arbitral Decision of 1535. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2020|
No full textThe Habsburgs’ estates and the Venetian communes had a long boundary in northern Italy and Istria. Because of the specific circumstances in which the inter‐state boundary was formed, it was constantly plagued by uncertainties and misunderstandings, which often resulted in local hostilities and violence. The escalation of boundary problems occurred at the beginning of the 16th century, simultaneously with the formation of the League of Cambrai and the war between its allies and Venice. The war incited the two political powers (and disputants) to search for a means of resolving the boundary disputes peacefully. For this, arbitration was arranged between them in Trento (Trident) in 1535, of which several archival sources have been preserved. The paper analyses the Trento Agreement of 1535 according to the manuscripts in the state archives in Venice and Vienna as well as some other fragmentary texts on local arbitration following the model of Trento. The author specifically examines arbitrations in which the boundary disputes were resolved in Istria