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Transition to parenthood: The role of social interaction and endogenous networks
No full textEmpirical studies indicate that the transition to parenthood is influenced by an individual’speer group. To study the mechanisms that create interdependencies across individuals’transition to parenthood and its timing we apply an agent–based simulation model. Webuild a one–sex model and provide agents with four different characteristics. Based onthese characteristics, agents endogenously form their network. Network members then mayinfluence the agents’ transition to higher parity levels. Our numerical simulations indicatethat accounting for social interactions can explain the shift of first–birth probabilities inAustria over the period 1984 to 2004. Moreover, we apply our model to forecast age–specific fertility rates up to 2021
The Discovery of a Possible ‘Meat Cache’. Recent Excavations at the Upper Palaeolithic Open-air Site in Kammern-Grubgraben 2015–2020. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textThe Lower Austrian site of Kammern-Grubgraben is one of the few stratigraphically recorded sites from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that allows detailed insights into the life of glacial hunter-gatherer societies. Extensive and planned archaeological excavations took place for the first time between 1985 and 1994 under the direction of Friedrich Brandtner in cooperation with Anta Montet-White (1985–1990) and Bohuslav Klíma (1993–1994), following earlier smaller, isolated findings and unqualified, largely undocumented excavations. After Brandtner’s death in 2000, the exceptionally rich find material remained largely unprocessed and barely published. It was not until 2011 to 2015 that the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA, now: the Austrian Archaeological Institute – OeAI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) succeeded in completely recording and inventorying the material in the course of a cooperation project with the Institutes for Prehistory and Early History of the University of Cologne and the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, funded by the legal owner of the finds, the State of Lower Austria. Field research was resumed in 2015, when it became known that land consolidation and the relocation of an access road had begun in the area of the site without prior notification of the authorities. After initial prospections (profiles and percussion cores) by the Quaternary Archaeology research group (OREA/OeAI, OeAW) initiated and funded by the Federal Office for the Protection of Monuments (BDA), regular research activities subsidised by the State of Lower Austria were started in the form of annual one- to two-month excavation campaigns. Once again, an exceptionally extensive inventory of finds including bones, knapped lithics and jewellery was documented and recovered, as well as stone finds unique for this period. This article presents the latest excavations and discusses the finding of a possible meat cache
Revisiting the History of Fertility Concentration and its Measurement
No full textTo date, the concentration of fertility has been studied almost exclusively throughthe lens of indicators derived from the Lorenz curve of completed parity. Arguably,this situation has resulted from a misapplication of criteria from the study of incomeinequality, without fully considering the distinctive characteristics. Here, alternativemeasures of concentration are justified on substantive grounds and applied to a widerange of empirical data from developing, transitional, and industrialised countries. Inparticular, the traditional scale-invariant concentration measures are complementedby translation-invariant and intermediate perspectives. The latter conveniently alsoconnects the nonparametric indicator approach to the study of fertility concentrationwith established statistical models for count data. This connection provides the missinglink for the kind of behavioural interpretation of fertility concentration dynamics thathas been attempted in the past, but can be shown to have been ill-founded.Examiningthe phenomenon of fertility concentration through this tri-focal lens leads to a picturethat is more coherent, more parsimonious, and more complete
Preliminaries. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Kunstgeschichte|Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria Veröffentlichungen zur Kunstgeschichte 21|
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Contents. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Kunstgeschichte|Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria Veröffentlichungen zur Kunstgeschichte 21|
No full texteco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021. Me & the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary of UNESCO’s MAB Programme
No full textEin gefälschtes Zwischengoldglas in der Antikensammlung der Universität Heidelberg. Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie|Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie 27 27|
No full textThe article deals with a so far unknown gold-glass (inv.-no. 26/7), which the two authors came across during their work in the Collection of Classical Antiquities of the Institute of Classical Archaeology and Byzantine Archaeology at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg. The painted decoration shows a golden Christogram on a red background, which is enclosed by two differently structured frames. Based on its manufacturing technique and the material used for its production, as well as the iconography and style of its decoration, the gold-glass in Heidelberg can be identified not only as a modern forgery, but also fits into an already known group of forged sandwich gold-glasses
Humangeographie meets Geographiedidaktik – Interdisziplinäre Annäherungen an aktuelle Forschungsmethoden. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 164|
No full textDas vorliegende Schwerpunktheft ist von der Idee einer interdisziplinären Auseinandersetzung mit neuen Methoden der Humangeographie getragen, in deren Rahmen eine gegenseitige Bereicherung fachwissenschaftlicher wie fachdidaktischer Perspektiven angestrebt wird. Autor*innen-Teams aus Fachwissenschaftler*innen und Fachdidaktiker*innen haben in kollaborativen Schreibprozessen eine aktuelle humangeographische Forschungsmethode bzw. -perspektive hinsichtlich ihres Potentials für geographische Forschung und den Geographieunterricht diskutiert. Im Anschluss an Trends in der aktuellen Entwicklung humangeographischer Methodik sowie an gegenwärtige Herausforderungen für die geographische Bildung, werden Hintergründe, Methode und Ergebnisse dieses Prozesses dargestellt und reflektiert
Sparse mixture models inspired by ANOVA decompositions. ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis
No full textInspired by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition of functions, we propose a Gaussian-uniform mixture model on the high-dimensional torus which relies on the assumption that the function that we wish to approximate can be well explained by limited variable interactions. We consider three model approaches, namely wrapped Gaussians, diagonal wrapped Gaussians, and products of von Mises distributions. The sparsity of the mixture model is ensured by the fact that its summands are products of Gaussian-like density functions acting on low-dimensional spaces and uniform probability densities defined on the remaining directions. To learn such a sparse mixture model from given samples, we propose an objective function consisting of the negative log-likelihood function of the mixture model and a regularizer that penalizes the number of its summands. For minimizing this functional we combine the Expectation Maximization algorithm with a proximal step that takes the regularizer into account. To decide which summands of the mixture model are important, we apply a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of our approach