Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Understanding the Syrian Educational System in a Context of Crisis
No full textUp until the outbreak of conflict in 2011, Syrian young people were among the most educated in the Middle East region, with Syria having achieved near universal primary education enrolment and a high rate of completed secondary education. Due to the years of conflict, many Syrian are currently displaced within their country and across Syria’s borders. In 2015, large numbers made their way across Europe and applied for asylum in Germany, Austria, Sweden, etc. The Syrian crisis raises important education-related questions for the international community as a whole, like the educational background of Syrians currently on the move. This paper gives an overview of the Syrian educational system in order to build an understanding of Syrian education in the broader global context. It aims to provide detailed information that other researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can draw from to inform their own work. The current document was written within the framework of DiPAS (Displaced persons in Austria survey), a survey carried out in and around Vienna to study the socio-demographic characteristics, values and attitudes of asylum seekers arriving in Austria in 2015
Rubisch, Familie
No full textFranz Ludwig: * 11.9.1852 Abstall/St (Apače/SLO), † 1.4.1928 St. Lambrecht/St. Komponist, Chorleiter, Lehrer
Archaeobotanical Investigations at Punta di Zambrone (Calabria, Italy). Orea|Punta di Zambrone I Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 17|
No full textThe Bronze Age site of Punta di Zambrone, located on the Tyrrhenian coast of Calabria, southern Italy, was excavated between 2011 and 2013, accompanied by archaeobotanical investigations. Although sediments from the Early Bronze Age and the Recent Bronze Age were uncovered, none of the sediments belong to the Middle Bronze Age. It was possible to investigate more than 200 samples for charred plant remains. They shed light on the crop assemblages, gathered wild plants and plant species from the surroundings in both phases and the significant difference between them. During the Bronze Age emmer is the main crop. The change from the Early to the Recent Bronze Age layers is observable in a strongly increasing proportion of broomcorn millet. The archaeologically established Aegean contacts in the Recent Bronze Age confirmed by ceramics and artefacts is not visible in the characteristic spectrum of useful plants with mainly emmer and pulses, dominated by field bean
The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-National Analysis
No full textThis study investigates how the changes in labour market conditions and economic growth affected fertility before and during the recent economic recession in Europe. To this end, we use data for 258 European regions in 28 European Union (EU) member states and Iceland. We apply three-level growth-curve models which allow for a great deal of flexibility in modelling temporal change and handling hierarchically structured data. Our findings show that fertility decline was strongly related to unemployment increase and that this relationship was significant at all ages. Fertility responded to worsening economic conditions especially in Southern Europe and in Central and Eastern Europe, i.e. two broad regions which were considerably affected by the recession and where welfare policies provided lowest support against poverty and unemployment
Zwischen Notwendigkeit und Kommerz: Homöopathische Kriegs-Taschenapotheken als Objektquellen. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte|
No full textThe “Homoeopathy-Archive” of the Institute for the History of Medicine, Stuttgart, possessestwo different types of homeopathic medical kits which were produced especially during theFirst and Second World War. These small pharmacies were supposed to supply soldiers withhomeopathic remedies which they could use in cases of emergencies and as self-help. In comparingthese objects questions are answered regarding the production of these kits and theirdifferent features. This also sheds light on mechanisms in the medical and pharmaceuticalmarket as well as practices of self-medication under extreme conditions
The Motherhood Wage Penalty: A Meta-Analysis
No full textMothers tend to receive lower wages than comparable childless women. This ‘motherhood wage gap’ has been reported in numerous studies. We summarize the existing empirical evidence on this topic using meta-analysis and test for several mechanisms which can be responsible for the persistence of the wage gap. Based on 208 wage effects of having exactly one child and 245 wage effects of the total number of children, we find an average motherhood wage gap of around 3.7 percent. While the gaps associated with the total number of children are mostly explained by the loss of mothers’ human capital during child-related career breaks, the gaps associated with one child are predominantly driven by mothers’ choice of jobs and occupations that pay less. The residual gap is smallest in Nordic countries, where public policies actively support gender equality and reconciliation of work and family, as well as Belgium and France, and largest in the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries
Computing the matrix fractional power with the double exponential formula. ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis
No full textTwo quadrature-based algorithms for computing the matrix fractional power are presented in this paper. These algorithms are based on the double exponential (DE) formula, which is well-known for its effectiveness in computing improper integrals as well as in treating nearly arbitrary endpoint singularities. The DE formula transforms a given integral into another integral that is suited for the trapezoidal rule; in this process, the integral interval is transformed into an infinite interval. Therefore, it is necessary to truncate the infinite interval to an appropriate finite interval. In this paper, a truncation method, which is based on a truncation error analysis specialized to the computation of , is proposed. Then, two algorithms are presented---one where is computed with a fixed number of abscissa points and one with computed adaptively. Subsequently, the convergence rate of the DE formula for Hermitian positive definite matrices is analyzed. The convergence rate analysis shows that the DE formula converges faster than Gaussian quadrature when is ill-conditioned and is a non-unit fraction. Numerical results show that our algorithms achieve the required accuracy and are faster than other algorithms in several situations
Winterberg, Robert Anton
No full text* 27.2.1884 Wien, † 22.6.1930 Töpchin/Brandenburg (Mittenwalde-Töpchin/D). Komponist, Pianist, Dirigent, Theaterleiter
