Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Titelei. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Die mittelalterlichen Handschriften in der Bibliothek des Augustiner Chorherrenstiftes Neustift Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 364. Band|
No full textRêve je te dis. Zur Verschränkung von weiblichem und onirischem Schreiben bei Hélène Cixous.. Sprachkunst. Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft|Sprachkunst LII / 2021, 1. Halbband|
No full textWährend Hélène Cixous in den 1970er Jahren die écriture féminine gründete, veröffentlichtesie im Gegensatz zu Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray und Jacques Derrida kein systematischestheoretisches Werk. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass gerade Cixous’ Schreiben einen bis heuterelevanten, autonomen Beitrag zur Literaturtheorie leistet, da ihr performatives Schreibenetablierte Unterscheidungen wie jene zwischen Literatur und Philosophie, Poesie und Politik,Kunst und Leben und Autobiographie und Fiktion unterwandert. Insbesondere die Verflechtungvon weiblichem und onirischem Schreiben erweist sich hier als wesentlich für das Verständnisvon Cixous’ Schaffen. Der Artikel analysiert ihr Traumtagebuch von 2003 ›Rêve je te dis‹im Zusammenhang ihres theoretischen Schreibens, das ständig essentielle Identitätskonzepteuntergräbt und dennoch auf ihrer Körperlichkeit insistiert
Following the Peers: The Role of Social Networks for Health Care Utilization in the Philippines
No full textThis paper studies peer effects on the use of essential health care services offered by a micro-finance institution in impoverished neighborhoods in the Philippines. I apply a novel IV iden-tification strategy to overcome the well-known challenges in the estimation of peer effects in non-experimental, cross-sectional settings. The strategy uses structural information from so-cial networks and the existence of overlapping peer groups for an unbiased estimation. I find positive and substantial peer effects in the communities. An increase in program uptake of 10% in the peer group leads to a 6.6% increase in individual health care utilization. I estimate hazard models to further explore underlying mechanisms. Peer effects are found to be strong-est immediately after first exposure to the intervention and to fade out over time. While the strength of the relationship with the peer does not seem to matter for the adoption decision, the peers’ structural position in the network does. Interestingly, peers with fewer connections seem to have a particularly strong influence on individuals with a central position in the net-work
Opportunities and challenges for transdisciplinary research in flood risk management: some critical reflections and lessons learnt for research on sustainability. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 No. 2 13 2|
No full textMountain hazards such as floods, torrents or landslides pose a serious threat to human lives and repeatedly cause considerable damage in the Alpine region. Shrinking populations also provide a socio-political challenge for regional and local authorities. Within the ÖAW-ESS funded DemoHazAlps project, the aim is to develop a better understanding of demographic change as a key driver in transforming risk patterns. A transdisciplinary research strategy was chosen to address these challenges in the Gailtal, in the Austrian province of Carinthia. This paper describes the use of transdisciplinary research above all to integrate the knowledge of those who are affected by, and those who can affect the planning of, risk management. Transdisciplinary research has a high potential to contribute to overcoming conflicts in flood risk management triggered by, and linked to, demographic change. However, in practice there are many limitations and barriers to consider, such as the negative connotations of risk management or a pandemic. This paper provides some critical reflection on transdisciplinary research to address limitations and barriers; the lessons learnt could be applied in similar situations, for example within UNESCO biosphere reserves
Bademgediǧi Tepe: its Relations within the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface, and beyond. New information from neutron activation analysis. Ägypten und Levante|Ägypten und Levante XXXI 31|
No full textThe present paper draws attention to 172 new NAA measurements from the site of Bademgediği Tepe, 45 of which turned out to be verified imports. Based on the ceramic evidence, it is interesting to observe how such a medium sized fortified citadel communicated with a relatively broad range of exchange partners. While imports were to be expected among the painted fragments sampled, the range and relative quantity of the unpainted imports is worth attention. Also of interest is that the unpainted imports follow the same routes as the painted ones, which in turn makes it likely the pottery was moving along already established routes, which might have served for the exchange of other commodities, such as raw materials or other finished goods
A Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Automated Detection and Identification of Waterfowl in Complex Environments. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 2|
No full textWaterfowl monitoring is an important task for understanding waterfowl distribution and habitats. Surveying approaches using hyper-spatial airborne imagery, collected by small unoccupied aerial systems (sUAS), hold potential to overcome the limitations of traditional methods while improving count efficiency and reliability. Difficulties obtaining waterfowl counts, particularly in complex image scenes, from the high quantity of imagery required hinders deployment of large-scale surveys. In this paper, we test Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to understand their potential and how they behave across different versions of our waterfowl dataset. Three CNN architectures (YOLO, Retinanet and Faster R-CNN) were trained on 3 hierarchical levels: waterfowl detection (True / False), waterfowl type (3 classes), and waterfowl species (8 classes). The architectures generally performed well, and results indicate that automated waterfowl detection in complex environments, and therefore enumeration, is feasible using current technology. Waterfowl identification in complex environments was not successful using the available training data, but we propose steps that might enhance the results
Die Diskussion um die Kompetenzverteilung bei der Entstehung des Bundes‐Verfassungsgesetzes. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2021|
No full textThe question of the distribution of competences was one of the most discussed topics during the creation of the Federal Constitutional Act. Hans Kelsenʹs drafts were of comparatively little significance in this respect; instead, in the autumn of 1919, Chancellor Renner requested the state offices to name areas of competence which, in their view, should be a matter for the federal state. This resulted in a very long and casuistic catalogue, which was further expanded in the course of the negotiations. The political parties were unable to reach an agreement on the school system in particular; other matters remained controversial to the end as well. Ultimately, the adoption of the Federal Constitution was only possible because the two major parties agreed to postpone the entry into force of the competence provisions until a later, still uncertain date, and to retain the competence provisions of the monarchy until then. With the entry into force of the Federal Constitutional Act on 10 November 1920, Austria was formally transformed into a federal state, but in substantial terms – due to the lack of competence provisions – it was by no means a federal state
Von der Doppelgleisigkeit der Verwaltung zur mittelbaren Bundesverwaltung – ein Überblick. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2021|
No full textThis paper describes the changes in the Austrian regional administration from 1918 to 1925, distinguishing four periods (before 1918, 1918–1920, 1920–1925, since 1925). Several problems were discussed during all these periods: The term ‘double track’ administration was criticised (as manipulatory), and the desired ‘democratisation’ of the administration stood against the idea of its (judicial) responsibility to parliament. Another problem was the uniformity of administration, which seemed difficult to secure. Due to the large number of public servants within the electorate, the future role of the public service was discussed controversially. Overall, the 1925 constitutional amendment that put an end to ‘double track’ administration has been wrongly overshadowed by the 1929 amendment that modified the role of the federal president
Automatic Detection of Driving–Lane Geometry Based on Aerial Images and Existing Spatial Data. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 2|
No full textSpatial data are a key element of geographic information systems (GIS). With the growing computational power of modern GIS, the demand for accurate and up-to-date high definition (HD) spatial data grows accordingly and increases the requirements of data acquisition. To simplify and automate the process of obtaining HD road data, several methods have been created with different approaches and stages of automation. A new method combining high resolution aerial images and existing linear road data is presented in this article. The method models roads in a vector environment at the level of single driving lanes. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is used to identify road surface markings (RSMs) in aerial images; the geometry of RSM polygons is analysed (skeletonization, neighbourhood and context analysis, pattern recognition) in order to obtain a coherent network of driving lanes. The technique is able to distinguish automatically between solid and broken lines. The method proposed was tested and proven to satisfactorily model driving lanes, including in complex situations like junctions, roundabouts or over- or underpasses