Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
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ANALISIS GLIMEPIRIDA DALAM PLASMA TIKUS
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to find the method for analyze glimepiride and itÂ’s metabolite. Glimepiride is the second generation of antidiabetic oral from the sulphonyl urea that works by stimulating the insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas. Glimepiride is isolated from plasma the using chloroform. Using the high performance liquid chromatography method which include C18 reversed phase column, using mixture of methanol:water (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 ml/minutes, detection at wavelenght 228 nm with photo diode array detector gives retention times of glimepiride in 17 minutes without any interference from endogen component of plasma and from itÂ’s metabolite. Linearity with added internal standard gliclazide was established for the range concentration 100-1000 ng/ml with coefficient of correlation (r) is 0.9977 and give the limit of quantitation of glimepiride in 50 ng/ml. The results of validation method fulfilled for the given criterias. Key Words : Glimepiride, blood plasma, HPL
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.)
Get PDFLeaves of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) has been traditionally used to treat some diseases such as: constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence and urinary tract infection. Theleaves extract also reported has antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. It is essential to determine its specific and non specific parameters in assesing the quality and safety.The samples collected from three different perferctures. Grounded samples were macerated with ethanol. The extracts were subjected to determine its characteristic parameters. Parameter of quality for the extracts consisted of water content, ethanol-extractive, water-extractive, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, solvent residue and heavy metal content. Phytochemical identification showed that the ex-tract contains flanovoid, tannin, glycosides, and saponin. TLC chromatogram using chloroform-methanol-water (80:12:2) as mobile phase, exhibited 4 spots after sprayed with iron(III) chloride. Total phenolic was determined spectrophotometrically usingFolin Ciocalteu reagent, gave 0.35-8.24% total phenolic as gallic acid.Key words: Folin Ciocalteu, phenolic compounds, TLC chromatogram, standard-ization, Tamaridus indica
VALIDASI METODE PENETAPAN KADAR DEHIDROLOVASTATIN DALAM PLASMA IN VITRO DENGAN KCKT
Get PDFStatins are antihyperlipidemic drugs for lowering LDL-cholesterol level in human blood. They were designed to inhibit HMG CoA reductase in the liver so that the enzyme will not catalyze the transformation of HMG CoA into early precursor of LDL-cholesterol. Dehydrolovastatin is a kind of statins whose structure is analogous to lovastatin (its starting material). The aim of this study was to validate method forin vitro analysis of dehidrolovastatin in plasm. The validation included studies of calibration curve and linearity, LLOQ and selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery,and stability. Dehidrolovastatin was deteminated by Knauer ® HPLC using UV 2500 detector, Kromasil ® 100-5, C18, 250 mm, 4.6 mm i.d., column. Reversed phase was applied with the optimal condition such as mobile phase acetonitrile and phosphoricacid 0.1 % (75:25), the flow rate of 1.2 mL. minutes -1, simvastatin as internal standard and wavelength 238 nm. Concentrations of sample ranged from 0.013 to0.200 ppm with correlation coefficient of the calibration curves 0,998 and lower limit of quantitation was 0.013 ppm. The results of validation studies fulfilled standard criteria.Keywords : dehydrolovastatin level in plasm, validation, in vitro analysis, high performance liquid chromatograph
PENETAPAN KADAR TRIPROLIDINA HIDROKLORIDA DAN PSEUDOEFEDRINA HIDROKLORIDA DALAM TABLET ANTI INFLUENZA SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI DERIVATIF
Get PDFThe determination of triprolidine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in anti influenza tablet has been performed using derivative spectrophotometry method. Triprolidine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were determined by measuring the first derivative ratio amplitudes, at 227,6 nm (zero crossing for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride) and at 230,0 nm (zero crossing for triprolidine hydrochloride) respectively. The linear calibration graphs were obtained for 5-50 ppm of triprolidine hydrochloride and for 100-800 ppm of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The results showed that the method is rapid, simple and can be applied successfully to assay simultaneously of two components in tablet preparation. Keywords : triprolidine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, derivative spectrophotometry, zero crossing
ARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN LIPOSOME DRUGS DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Get PDFSince the dicovery of liposome or lipid vesicles derived from self limiting enclosed lipid bilayer upon hydration, liposome drug delivery systems have played a significant role in formulation of potent drugs to improve therapeutics. Currently most of these liposome formulation are designed to reduced toxicity and to some extent increase accumulation at the target site(s) in a the number of clinical application. The current pharmaceutical preparations of liposome based therapeutics stem from our understanding of lipid drug interactions and the liposome disposition mechanism including the inhibition of rapid clearance of liposome by controlling size, charge and surface hydration. Key word : liposome, drug delivery systems, active target
RNA THERAPEUTIC, PENDEKATAN BARU DALAM TERAPI GEN
Get PDFSome diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together with the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be more favorable for such kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, so it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the stage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all the problems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gene expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later in around 2000, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported in some studies that RNAi seems to have some more advantages over both stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, the main obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target cell, and mostly, to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic material delivery system have been reported, and their progress has been discussed. Keywords: RNA therapeutics, antisense RNA, siRNA, terapi gen, gene silencing
PENELITIAN BAHAN PENCERAH DAN PELEMBAB KULIT DARI TANAMAN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe market of skin lightening product grows very fast. This is especially true in almost all Asian countries. Martha Tilaar Innovation Center has found natural ingredients which function as anti oxidant and anti tyrosinase in vitro. These ingre-dients are extracted from Indonesian plants namely Lansium domesticum (LE)*) and Phyllantus niruri (PE) *). Several aspects should be considered to utilize these ingredients in cosmetic, such as, the stability of the plant materials and their safety and efficacy on human skin. The objective of this research is to study whether these ingredients in cosmetic preparations have skin lightening and skin moisturizingeffects clinically. This article will describe the safety and efficacy evaluation on natu-ral ingredients extracted with ethanol from the above Indonesian plants. The safety evaluation is conducted clinically using Repeated Opened Patch Test (ROPT) and followed by Single Closed Patch Test (SCPT) in more than 50 selected healthy volun-teers. Their irritation properties on mucous membrane were evaluated using HETCAMmethod. Then, their efficacies on lightening and moisturizing were conducted in more than 26 volunteers, using Mexameter MX 16 and Corneometer CM 820. These results revealed that both extracts are safe on human skin and mucous membrane and can function as skin lightening agent. Lansium domesticum extract also has skin moisturizing effect.Key words : Lansium domesticum, Phyllantus niruri, lightening agent, moistur-izing agent, Asian skin, Indonesia
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM SPONS CALLYSPONGIA SP DARI KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Get PDFAntioxidant activity and identification of antioxidative compounds of Callyspongia sponge from Seribu Island (Kepulauan Seribu) were investigated. The sponge was extracted with acetone and the extract was concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. DPPH and tiocyanate methods were used to examine the antioxidant activity of the extract. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH method with IC50 of 41.21 µg/ml. Chemical analysis indicated that the antioxidative compound in the sponge was alkaloid group. Key words : Antioxidative activity, Callyspongia sp., Sponges, alkaloid
VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS REBAMIPID DALAM PLASMA IN VITRO SECARA KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI-ULTRAVIOLET
Get PDFRebamipide is antiulcer agent and it is one of the drug that have to be evaluated with bioequivalency test according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The objec-tive of this research is to find out the optimum condition of rebamipide in humanplasma in vitro analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detector, and then the method was validated. The chromatography wascarried out by isocratic technique on a reversed-phase Kromasil® C18 (5 µm, Akzo Nobel), column length was 250 x 4.6 mm, with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (40:60) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and detection was performed at wavelength of 230 nm. The sample preparation technique was liquid-liquid extraction by phosphoric acid and ethyl acetate. Carbamazepine was used as the internal standard. The method was valid according to FDA in Bioanalitycal Method Validation, with coefficient correlation of 0.9993 and linear in the range concentra-tion of 0.04 – 1.2 µg/ml, the lower limit of quantitation was 42.0 ng/ml, precisionless than 6% and recovery percentage was 90.32 to 113.45%. Rebamipide in plasma was stable for 14 days storage in -200C.Keyword : Validation, HPLC, rebamipide, carbamazepine, plasma in vitro
UJI HAMBATAN TUMORIGENESIS SARI BUAH MERAH (PANDANUS CONOIDEUS LAM.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH BETINA YANG DIINDUKSI 7,12 DIMETILBENZ(a)ANTRASEN (DMBA)
Get PDFRed fruit (Pandanus conoideous Lam.) has been known by public as a medicine for any kind of diseases, among of them is for cancer. To determine the carcinogenesis inhibition effect of red fruit extract , we have examined the effect on 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthrasene (DMBA)-induced rat lungs cancer model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The extract was tested at 0.21 ml/200 g bw; 0.43 ml/200 g bw and 0.88 ml/ 200 g bw. The experiment was terminated at day 120. Lung histology was used to evaluate carcinogenesis inhibition. The result showed that the extract at 0.21 ml/200g bw improved lung carcinogenesis inhibition than other dose. Key words : red fruit extract, DMBA, lung cancer, Pandanus conoideu