Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
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Preparasi, Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Pelepasan Obat dari Beads Kalsium Alginat Deksametason dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik
No full textInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a disease of inflammation in the colon. Targeted delivery systems for the treatment of IBD is designed to increase the drug concentration in the local tissue. Dexamethasone is a drug having anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effects which is used to repair scar tissue arising from postoperative IBD. This research purpose to create calciumalginate beads dexamethasone to be released only in the colon. Beads were made by using sodium-alginate and Ca2+ as crosslinker by ionic gelation method, with ratio between sodium alginate-dexamethasone (3:1). A concentration of solution sodium alginate 3 % b/v with variation concentration of crosslinker is 2% (formula 1), 3% (formula 2), and 4% (formula 3). Beads were characterized and drug release determined. The results obtained were spherical beads with a size range between 630 > 800 µm with the greatest encapsulation efficiency obtained from the beads formula 1 with the amount of 98.14% and after coated with Eudragif ® S100 using a fluid bed dryer apparatus, beads of formula 4 was obtained with an encapsulation efficiency of 67, 78%. Beads formula 1 were only released in stomach pH and not able to hold up the release of the active substance in colonic pH, whereas beads of formula 4 releasing dexamethason gradually more than 8 hours in colonic pH, and has a better release profile for the active substance. Keywords : Calsium-alginate beads; colon drug delivery system; dexamethasone; eudragit ®S100; ionic gelation. 
Formulasi Sediaan Granul Mukoadhesif Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Batang Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) dan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica val.)
No full textNeem bark (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) and turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) extracts have been found posses gastroprotective effect so that they are used in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Administration of combination of both extracts can give synergistic effect so that the administration dose can be reduced. In this research, combination of neem bark and turmeric extracts were formulated as mucoadhesive granules to improve their effectivenesses by increasing the residence time of dosage form in the stomach. Mucoadhesive granuleswere prepared by wet granulation method in six formulas using HPMC, Carbopol, and combination of HPMC and Carbopol as mucoadhesive polymers. Granules were evaluated for particle size distribution, swelling, mucoadhesive strength with bioadhesive in vitro test and wash off test, and dissolution. Bioadhesive in vitro test showed that all formulas have goodmucoadhesive strength.Wash off test showed that combination of HPMC and Carbopol can improve mucoadhesive strength of formulas. Mucoadhesive strength increased with the increasing of HPMC. The result of this research indicated that formula with combination ofHPMCand Carbopol (2:1) showed best mucoadhesive strength with percentage of mucoadhesion 98.67%in bioadhesive in vitro test and 38.00% in wash off test.Keywords : Azadirachta indica A.Juss, Curcuma domestica Val., granules, mucoadhesiv
Analisis Formalin dalam Sampel Ikan dan Udang Segar dari Pasar Muara Angke
Get PDFThe use of formalin as a food additive has been prohibited by the ministry of health asstipulated in The Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulations No.722/Menkes/Per/IV/88. However, in recent years the Indonesian authorities have found trace amounts offormalin as a preservative in perishable foods such as fish and shrimp. The aim of thisresearch is to identify the use of formalin in fresh fish and shrimp samples sold inMuara Angke Market as the fresh seafood market in Jakarta. The first step of thisresearch was formalin identification in fish and shrimp samples and continued byquantitative analysis to assure the results obtained. Qualitative determination of formalinwas carried out by Schryver reagent and the quantitative determination wascarried out spectrophotometrically using Nash reagent. Validation of UV-Vis spectrophotometricmethod for determination of formalin showed that Nash reagent wassuitable to determine formalin. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, andcoefficient of variation for formalin were 0,0102 mg/L, 0,0341 mg/L, and 0,09%,respectively. Recovery of formalin in fish samples was 89,79-109,58% and shrimpsamples was 82,11-97,76%. Qualitative determination in six fish samples and sixshrimp samples showed negative results and the quantitative analysis confirmed thatformalin was not found in the fresh fish and shrimp samples from Muara AngkeMarket.Keywords : fish, formalin, Nash, Schryver, shrimp, Spectrophotometry
Uji Efek Antiartritis Ekstrak Etanol 80% Kulit Buah Delima Merah (Punica granatum L) Terhadap Udem Pada Telapak Kaki Tikus Putih Jantan yang diinduksi oleh Complete Freund’s Adjuvant
No full textRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can degrade the qualityof patient survival. Conventional treatments of this disease have potentially dangerousside effects. Therefore, many patients are turning to alternative medicine usingmedicinal herbs, one of which is the fruit of Punica granatum L. The aim of thisresearch was to determine antiarthritis effect of 80% ethanolic extract of Punica granatumL. fruit peel which had been given orally on 17-30th day based on decreased edemavolume and percentage indexes of arthritis. The method was adjuvant induced arthritisby using the complete freund’s adjuvant 0,1 mL by subplantar and allowed toarthritis until day 16. The animals test were used 33 male rats of Sprague Dawleystrain that were divided into six groups: normal control, positive control, negativecontrol, and three groups had received suspension of 80% ethanolic extract of Punicagranatum L. fruit peel in 0,5% CMC at doses 20, 40, and 80 mg/200 g body weight.The Edema volume was measured by pletismometer on days 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 31and indexes of arthritis determined on days 17 and 31. The Results showed that theywere not significant difference in the decreased edema volume and the percentageindexes of arthritis, although the percentage inhibition of edema elevated with increasingdose
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penetapan Kadar Fenol Total Ekstrak Metanol Dedak Bebeapa Varietas padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFAntioxidant has been known to have an important role in the prevention and treatmentof diseases. In recent years, many plants have been explored to obtain newantioxidants from natural products. Rice has been known rich in antioxidative compounds.However, there is little attention to the co- or by- products from rice (Oryzasativa) milling plant. One of the products is rice bran. In this study ten varieties ofrice bran, which are commonly cultivated varieties in Indonesia were studied theirantioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity was examinedby DPPH scavenging assay and total reducing power, while total phenolic contentwas determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The results of this study showed thatthe methanolic extract of IR-64 variety demonstrated the strongest DPPH radicalscavenger activity with IC50 350.64 ppm, while in reducing power activity was exhibitedby methanolic extract of IR-42 variety. However, the highest total phenoliccontent (71.85 mg gallic acid equivalent/gram) was found in methanolic extract ofOM-4495 rice bran. These result indicated that the methanolic extract of rice branmight potentially be natural antioxidants.Keywords : Antioxidant, DPPH scavenging assay, Folin-Ciocalteu, Oryza sativa,rice bran, total phenoli
Pengaruh Kombinasi Hidroksipropil Metilselulosa-Xanthan Gum sebagai Matriks Pada Profil Pelepasan Tablet Teofilin Lepas Terkendali
Get PDFTheophylline is a bronchodilator used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and otherrespiratory diseases. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index (10-20 µg/ml) andrelatively short elimination half-life (6,19 ± 0,031 hours). Causes rapid eliminationrate of theophylline should be given periodically to maintain drug levels in blood forthe desired therapeutic effect can be achieved. The preparation of theophylline controlledrelease is expected to produce blood concentrations of theophylline in a morestable.The physical properties of tablets and drug release from matrix systems are influencedby the nature of the composition of the matrix. This research, theophylline controlledrelease tablets were made by combination of xanthan gum and HPMC as matrixcomposition. Combination of HPMC and xanthan gum was supposed to producetablets with the required pysical properties and ability to extend the releasing period oftheophylline from matrix system. HPMC-xanthan gum compositions used in formulationwere 1:4, 1:1, and 4:1.Based on the evaluation of the physical properties carried out on the tablet, it wasfound out that the three formulas fit the requirements for ideal tablet. The increasingof xanthan gum concentration in the formula was proportional with the improvementof mass flowability and tablet hardness. Evaluation of the releasing profile oftheophylline from matrix system had been conducted in vitro by dissolution test.Based on the test, it was found out that all combinations have variation in releasingprofile. The increasing of HPMC concentration in formula will extend the releasingtime of theophylline. The difference in releasing profile of Retaphyl SR® with formula1, 2, and 3 because of differences in raw materials that form the matrix.Key words: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, controlled released tablet, theophylline,dissolution testing, and xanthan gum
Analisis Zat Warna Merah Sintetik pada Selai Stroberi yang Dijual di Pasar Tradisional Kota Depok
No full textJam is a semi-solid food products made of fruit cooked with sugar that used as aflavoring on bakery including strawberry jam. Strawberry jam is added to food additives such as food dyes. The purpose of this study is to know about ponceau 4R, allura red, rodamin B, and amaran in the sample of strawberry jam in the traditional market at Depok City and to determine the levels of synthetic red dyes that are permitted on the sample strawberry jam. The method applied was dye isolation with wool and followed by analysis using a color reaction, then followed by paper chromatography using mobile phase n-butanol-eth- anol-water (3:4:4) and isobutanol-ethanol-water (3:2:4 ) and also TLC Densitometri using eluent ethanol-n-butanol-water (3:7:1). The result of study that from eight that has been investigated, it was found that six of them was contained ponceau 4R with levels of each sample at 0, 01164; 0, 00469; 0, 00974; 0, 00283; 0, 00482 and 0, 00435% still safe to consume
Pembuatan Sediaan Tablet Mengapung Famotidin Menggunakan Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan-Pektin Sebagai Bahan Matriks
No full textFloating tablet is one of the drug delivery system retained in the stomach which aims to prolong the lag time of the drug in the stomach. This principle can be used to improve the efficacy of famotidine in treating diseases in the stomach The purpose of this research is to develop dosage form afloat by using Chitosan Pectin Electrolytes (PEC) as matrix then used as the matrix in tablet dosage form with famotidine as a drug model. PEC also combined with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with different. PEC was also combined with hydroxypropilmethylcellulose (HPMC) in different concentrations. The results of the dissolution study showed that PEC could retard the release of famotidin for 10 hours. PEC in combination with HPMC could retard the release of famotidin for 20 hours. Tablet that only contains PEC as matrix could remain buoyant for 12 hours while tablet with combination of PEC and HPMC could remain buoyant for 24 hours.Keywords: Famotidine, chitosan, polyelectrolite complex, pectin, floating table
Stabilitas Fisik dan Efektivitas Sediaan Tabir Surya Kombinasi Oksibenson dan Oktil Metoksisinamat dalam Basis Gel Carbomer 940 dengan Penambahan Asam Glikolat
No full textTo fulfill the consumer expectation, cosmetic industries mostly add glycolic acid aswhitening agent to the sunscreen preparation. The aim of this research was to knowthe effect of glycolic acid addition with the concentration of 8, 10, and 12% w/w onphysical stability and effectiveness of sunscreen product containing oxybenzoneand octyl methoxycinnamate (2: 7% w/w) in carbomer 940 gel. The physical stabilitytest was done by observing physical appearance, pH, and spreading ability during 60day storages on zone IV condition (temperature 30±0.5° and RH 70±2%). The efficacywas determinated base on SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value by spectrophotometer.The result of the physical stability test showed that glycolic acid additionaffects the physical appearance (consistency) of sunscreen product, but pH and spreadingability are relatively stable. The efficacy test result showed that the addition ofglycolic acid has an effect on SPF value of sunscreen product. Product which combinedwith glycolic acid showed a significant increase of SPF value, compared tocontrol formula. The addition of glycolic acid increased SPF value and alter theeffectiveness category from extra protection to maximal protection.Keywords: glycolic acid, oxybenzone, octyl methoxycinnamate, SPF, sunscreen
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Nanosuspensi dengan Polivinilpirolidon (PVP) Sebagai Pembawa Nanopartikel Senyawa Asam Mefenamat
Get PDFSeveral methods and technologies to increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of adrug substance has been successfully developed, such as forming of a complexingcompound, salt preparation, adjusting the pH, making of solid dispersions, etc. Oneof the technologies that are being developed is nanoparticle technology. Micronizationof drug that is processed to produce particles with nano-size. This research aims tocreate and characterize nanosuspension with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as thevehicle of mefenamic acid nanoparticles using vibrating mill and ultrasound equipment.Nanosuspension obtained was characterized by optical microscope and PSA toperform optimization nanosuspension formed. The result of characterization showedthat the nanosuspension have an average diameter is 623.9 nm. Then, nanosuspensionof mefenamic acid was freeze drying. Nanosuspension and bulk of mefenamic acidwere characterization by XRD and put in a hard capsule shell for dissolution test.Profile of dissolution test with tris buffer media indicates that nanosuspension ofmefenamic acid has a pattern of drug release is slower and constant compared with themefenamic acid. bulk.Keywords: Mefenamic acid, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Nanosuspension, freeze dyer,Dissolution profile test