Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
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Uji Penghambatan Aktivitas alfa-glukosidase Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Antidesma neurocarpum Miq.
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic dysfunction disease showed by hyperglicemia and abnormality of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism. It is known can be cured with a-glucosidase inhibitor. Previous experiment reported that methanol extract from leaves of Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. has a strong inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase (IC50 = 2,18 mikrogram/mL). The aim of this experiment was to know about the most active extract and fraction of inhibitory activity of a-glycosidase and also the chemical compounds from those most active extract and fraction. Extraction is done by using multilevel maceration (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). Inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase tested with microplate reader at 405 nm wavelength. As standard, we used carbose (IC50=38.37 gg/mL). Methanol extract has the strongest inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase as shown the highest inhibitor percentage (89.53%). It is identified the chemical compounds and fracinationed by flash column chromatography. Fractination produced 15 combined fractions. Combined fractions which more than 200 mg tested to know their inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase. Result showed that the most active fraction is the 8th (IC50=40.77 gg/mL) with a competitive inhibitor mechanism to a-glycosidase. Chemical compounds that is found in the methanol extract and 8th fraction of Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. leaves are flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, fenol and alkaloids
Pembuatan Matriks dari Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan Pektin untuk Sediaan Tablet Mengapung
Get PDFChitosan is a natural cationic polymer. That cationic property makes chitosan canform polyelectrolite complex (PEC) with anionic polymer. In this research, pectinwas used as anionic polymer that interact ionically with chitosan. The aim of thisresearch is to produce and characterize chitosan-pectin PEC that would be used asmatrix in floating tablet. The solutions of chitosan and pectin 0,3% w/v were mixedin ratio 1:9, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3 and 9:1 with pH of the solution 4,5 and 5,0. The bestcondition to produce PEC was in pH 5,0 with ratio of chitosan and pectin = 3:7. Thedifferences between chitosan-pectin PEC characteristic and its origin polymer wereshown by functional group analysis, thermal analysis, swelling capacity and gelstrength. The PEC was then used as matrix in floating tablet.Keywords : chitosan, polyelectrolite complex, pectin, floating table
Analisis Kandungan Ion Fluorida pada Sampel Air Tanah dan Air PAM Secara Spektrofotometri
No full textFluoride ion is one of the compounds that are known to have benefits in the prevention of dental caries when used in certain concentrations, but also hasnegative effects that may cause the occurrence of dental and bone fluorosis when the intake was in excessive concentration.One of the fluoride intakes comes fromwater that is consumed. The aim of thisresearch was to identify and measurefluoride ion levels in groundwater and piped water that used as drinking water consumption in the community. Measurement of fluoride ion concentration isdone by using visible spectrophotometry at the maximum wavelength of 586 nm using the sodium 2-parasulfophenylazo 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene-3,6disulfonate (SPADNS)-zirconil acid reagent. This method was optimized by thesearch of range of absorption which stable for 10 minutes after reagent addition.The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation forfluoride ion were 0.0452 mg/L, 0.1506 mg/L, and 0,63%, respectively. While therecovery of fluoride ion in sample were in the range of 90,50-102,04%. The measurement results of the samples showed levels of fluoride ions in groundwaterand piped water varied between 0.05 to 0.78 mg/L. This range was still within allowed levels according the rules of Indonesian health ministers No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 where the maximum allowable fluoride concentration is 1.5mg/L.Keywords : acid zirconyl-SPADNS, ground water, fluoride ion, pipedwater, spectrophotometr
Polimorfisasi dan Solvatomorfi Amoksisilina Trihidrat setelah Proses beku Kering
Get PDFThe polymorphismof amoxicillin has been identified after freeze drying process. Thefreeze dried amoxicillin have some specific physical properties different from their rawmaterial, that was proved by DSC, XRD, and polarize microscope. Exothermal curvefrom DSC thermogram changes to endothermal curve, diffractogram XRD changes todifferent profile, and the crystal shows different habit. All of data showed that freezedrying process improve amoxicillin to different crystal form which has higher meltingoxidation point and lower hydrate. The improvement of the crystal structure mightbe impact to change physical-pharmaceutical properties like dissolution, absorption,and change it antibiotic potency.Keywords: amoxicillin trihydrate, freeze drying, polymorphism
Uji Penghambatan Aktivitas alfa-glukosidase Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Antidesma montanum Blume
No full textalpha-Glucosidase inhibitor has known to be a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus (DM)treatment, especially type 2 DM. Based on previous studies. There are various plantsthat have the effect of inhibiting the activity of a-glucosidase, one of which is garuleaves (Antidesma montanum Blume). This research aimed to get the fraction whichhad the highest Il-glucosidase inhibiting activity from ethanol extract of garu leavesand identify the chemical compounds from the most active fraction. Simplisia powderwas extracted by maseration using 80% ethanol then fractionated using n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol. Inhibitory activity test was performed by measuring absorbanceof p-nitrophenol, which produced by reaction between Il-glucosidase and p-nitrophenyl-u-l)-glucopyranoside, using microplate reader at 405 nm. The result showed that ethylacetate fraction have the best Il-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values 138.38ppm. The test of enzyme kinetics showed that ethyl acetate fraction inhibited competitively.The phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate fraction of garu leaves containedglycosides, tannins, and terpenes
Optimasi Kecepatan Disintegrasi Tablet Terdisintegrasi Cepat (Fast Disintegrating Tablet) Domperidon dengan Superdisintegran Sodium Starch Glycolate
No full textFast disintegrating tablet is one of advanced pharmaceutical technologies. Fast disintegrating tablets is a tablet when placed on the tongue will be instantly disintegrated and releases the drug with the help of saliva. This technology can solve the problem of using oral drug in patients such as pediatrics, geriatrics or in circumstances where the patient can not swallow tablets conventionally with the help of water. The purpose of this study was to optimize the speed of disintegration in fast disintegrating tablet formulations both with varying concentrations of sodium starch glycolate. Optimization the speed of disintegration was done by using sodium starch glycolate with concentration of 8%, 12% and 16% and then disintegration time was tested. After the optimum speed decided, the next step was optimizing thetaste using various manitol concentration of 32%, 36% and 40% and evaluation of the taste was conducted by using hedonity test and analyzed with SPSS prog. Disintegration of good fast disintegrating tablet was 27 ± 1 second. The best disintegration time was achieved in tablet using sodium starch glycolate of 16%.Keywords: fast disintegrating tablet,manitol, sodium starch glycolat
Uji Stabilitas Fisik Losio Yang Mengandung Fraksi Diklorometana Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)
No full textMangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains some of xanthones derivates which have antioxidant activity.Those compounds prevent formation of free radicals that cause premature aging. Dichloromethane fraction from methanol extract of mangosteen pericarp has very strong antioxidant activity. Dicholomethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp was formulated into lotion dosage form with different concentration 0.01; 0.05; and 0.25%.. Physical stability of lotion was evaluated by cycling test, centrifugal test, and stored the lotions at low temperature (4±2˚C), room temperature (27±2˚C), dan high temperature (40±2˚C). The result showed that the lotions stable at each strorage condition and cycling test. However, the result of centrifugal test showed separation phase of lotions. Keyword : antioxidant, dichloromethane fraction, lotion, mangosteen pericarp, physical stability 
Efek Antidiabetes dan Identifikasi Senyawa Dominan Fraksi Kloroform Herba Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.)
No full textAntidiabetic activity of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) herb has been widely observed, as an extracts and infusions, proven to reduce blood sugar levels in rats or mice induced by alloxan. The research objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect and identify the content of the chloroform fraction ciplukan herb eluated with methanol-ammonia. An- tidiabetic effects testing conducted using 30 male white mice (Mus musculus) ddY strain were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 5 mice. K-1 is a negative control induced by alloxan, K-2, K-3 and K-4 induced by alloxan and treated with the test substance dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day, 100 mg/ kg bw/day, 200 mg/kg bw/day, K-5 is a positive control, induced by alloxan and treated with metformin dose of 65 mg/kg bw, K-6 as normal controls . Each mouse blood samples taken on day 7 and day 14, to test their blood sugar levels. Data were analyzed using one-way anova and multiple differences test. Identification of the content of the chloroform fraction eluated with methanol-ammonia, carried out by gas chroma- tography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that all three doses showed a decrease in blood sugar levels significantly at day 7 , but the decline has not reach normal levels. Blood sugar levels drop significantly and the decline has reached normal occurred on day 14. Dominant content of the chloroform fraction eluated with methanol-ammonia is a class of unsaturated fatty acid chain length is Hexanoic acid, C16H1202, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, C17H3402, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, C19H3602, Oleic acid butyl ester, C22H4202, 9-octadecenoic acid, C19H3602, Octadecanoic acid, C18H3602, 1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid, C8H604, and Aplysterylacetate, C31H5202. Another result is that Nordextromethorphan alkaloid compound, Cl 7H23NO. The conclusion is chloro- form fraction of ciplukan herb has antidiabetic effects and has a class of compounds con- tent of unsaturated fatty acids, Aplysterylacetate and alkaloid Nordextromethorphan
Pengamatan Visual Tahap-Tahap Pembentukan Kristal Sistem Eutektikum Asetaminofen-Pseudoefedrin Hidroklorida
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to observe the recrystallization process of two component,acetaminophen-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in ethanol and the thermal profiles.The visual data resulted from polarization microscope observation confirmed withthermograph DSC showed that the crystal habit was represented to the intrinsic characterrepresentative by thermodynamic properties of the binary system.The visualizationprocess proved that in different molar ratios, the binary system formed crystalshabit with different and step by step showed inhibit, to form polycrystalline until atmolar ratio 6:4 formed the fines single crystals mixture which was smaller than beforeco-recrystallization. Acetaminophen was observed as monoclinic hexagonal crystalswhile pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was observed monoclinic/orthorombic forms.Keywords: acetaminophen, crystals habit, ethanol, pseudoephedrine HCl
Faktor Penentu Permeasi Transdermal:Tinjauan Berdasarkan Hukum Fick I
No full textTransdermal drug delivery may be an alternative to overcome the problems of oral administration, such as fluctuations drugconcentration in the blood. Only several drugs have a good transdermal permeation ability, thus some efforts are needed to improve it. Transdermal permeation follows pasive diffusion mechanism. Therefore, Fick Law I must be concidered in improving transdermal permeation of the drug. This review aims to determine the factors associated with the transdermal permeation based on Fick's law I. Chemical compounds to enhance transdermal permeation (Chemical penetration enhancers) can be used to increase the diffusion coefficient (D), the partition coefficient (k), the rate of drug in the donor compartment (Cd), membrane thickness (h), and extensive contact of drug with the skin (S).