Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
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Pembentukan 8-OHdG Dari Zat Toksik Pemicu Radikal Bebas
Get PDFThis study was conducted to observe the profile of DNA Adduct (8-OHdG) formation as DNA damage indicators, by using calf thymus DNA incubated with toxic and carcinogenic compounds. The compounds which could trigger free radicals in this research were PAH(Benzo[a]Pyrene), TiO2, and CuCl2. Calf thymus DNA was incubated with Benzo[a]Pyrene and CuCl2 compounds under pH and temperature variations. The incubation of calf thymus DNA with TiO2-UV radiation (254 nm) was used to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the process of oxidative DNA damage. From this research, all of compounds have potency to trigger the formation of DNA Adduct (8-OHdG). The ratio of absorbance to assess the purity of DNA at 260 nm and 280 nm (λ260/ λ280 ) was measured at ~1.9. The shifted peaks at λmax were indicating changes on structures of DNA as a result of calf thymus DNA incubation with B[a]P and CuCl2. The highest level of 8-OHdG results in calf thymus DNA incubation with B[a]P and CuCl2 under pH 8.5 and incubation temperature at 60°C, was about 120.856 μg/L. Calf thymus DNA incubation with TiO2-UV radiation (254 nm) under pH 8.5 resulting 8-OHdG level at 57.025 μg/L
Efek Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Aktivitas Katalase Tikus Stres Oksidatif
Get PDFProduction of excess free radicals cause oxidative damage and degenerative diseases. Catalase enzyme is one of the endogenous intracellular antioxidant that can be reduced by oxidative stress conditions. The peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a potent exogenous antioxidants could support the internal enzyme activity to prevent free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of n-hexane fraction of H.polyrhizus’s peel and the dose that could increase activity of catalase. The peel was maserated with chloroform, then fractionated by n-hexane. Stress condition was achieved by five days fasting and swimming for 10 mins/day to test animals. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the activity of catalase. The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control, negative control, dose I (10 mg/200 gBB), dose II (40 mg/200 gBB), positive control quercetin as (4 mg/200 gBB) and vitamin E (17.64 mg/kg). The activity of catalase enzyme in the normal control is 29.4 units/ml; negative control is 7.08 units/ml; dose I is 14.42 units/ml; dose II is 14.79 units/ml’quercetin is 28.18 units/ml; and vitamin E is 71.29 units/ml. Our conclusion is the activity of the catalase enzyme rat under oxidative stress can be increased by the n-hexane fraction of H. polyrhizus
Efek Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Tikus Stres Oksidatif
Get PDFExcessive free radical production will lead to oxidative stress. One of the indicators used to determine stress oxidative is malondialdehyde (MDA). Hylocereus polyrhizus peel is potential to be used as a natural exogenous antioxidant. The aim of this research was to study the effect of n-hexane fraction of H. polyrhizus peel on MDA level and to determine the dose that could reduce the MDA level. H. polyrhizus peel was macerated with chloroform and fractionated with n-hexane. Rats were divided into 7 groups: normal control, negative control, positive control of vitamin E (18 mg/ kg BW), positive control of quercetin (4 mg/200g BW), as well as three H. polyrhizus peel extract groups treated with dose I (10mg/ 200g BW), dose II (20 mg/200g BW) and dose III (40 mg/200g BW). Each group was consisted of 4 rats and was induced to oxidative stress with 10 minute swimming each day and food restriction for 5 days. The measurement of MDA level used Spectrophotometer UV-Vis at the wavelenght of 532 nm. MDA levels were analyzed using One way Anova and LSD test. The data showed that MDA level at normal, negative, positive vitamin E, positive quercetin, dose I, II, III group were 0.042; 0.051; 0.034; 0.042; 0.038; 0.039; 0.042 µg/ml, respectively. The n-hexane fraction of H. polyrhizus peel was a potent antioxidant because it could lower the MDA level in rats with stress oxidative conditon.
 
Potensi Pemanfaatan Nigella sativa L. sebagai Imunomodulator dan Antiinflamasi
Get PDFNigella sativa L. has long been used as an herbal medicine in some countries, particularly in the Middle East and in other Asian countries, including in Indonesia. One component is a protein compound extracted from black cumin oil residues, known to have efficacy to enhance the immune system and as an anti-inflammatory. As the compound will be degraded when administered orally, the research on its delivery systems, is interesting to be developed. This article will review about the prospects of their utilization and strategy formulation that preparation can be delivered orally
Uji Aktivitas Antiproliferasi Formula Liposom Ekstrak Etanol Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D
Get PDFBreast cancer is one of deadliest diseases in the world. Turmeric extract was known to have antiproliferative activity. To minimize its toxicity, turmeric extract was encapsulated with liposome, a vesicle lipid bilayer that was functioned as cancer drug carrier in body. This research aimed to determine encapsulation effect of turmeric extract against antiproliferative activity in T47D breast cancer cells through in vitro assay. Liposomes was made using thin layer method and particle size was reduced by extrusion. Materials that was used phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and turmeric extract. Optimization of liposomes was made in three formulations with different extract concentrations. The most optimal formulation was formulation with less extract and physical parameters which have smallest precipitates and longest settling time. Evaluation liposome particle size and zeta potential were used DLS, morphology was used TEM, and entrapment efficiency was used dialysis. The most optimal formulation was tested their antiproliferative activity compared with not encapsulated extracts used 3-(4,5-dimethylazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The result showed that there was antiproliferative activity in encapsulated extracts. IC50 encapsulated extracts was 45.762 μg/ml and IC50 extracts was 36.399 μg/ml. Liposome particle size was below 445 nm. Zeta potential was -7.51 mV. Morphology was LUV and MVV. Entrapment efficiency was 63.80%. It could be concluded that encapsulation of turmeric extract into liposome could reduce its toxicity against cancer cells.
 
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Bunga dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) Menggunakan Metode DPPH
Get PDFPatikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) is a plant of the Zingiberaceae family. Patikala (E. elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) have bioactive compounds are flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to measure free radical activity in the methanol extract of the fruit and leaves Patikala (E. elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm). Extraction of flowers and leaf samples by maceration method using methanol. Qualitative analysis of chemical compounds with certain eluent using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine the group of active compounds in the extract. Antioxidant activity assay using the immersion method of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hidrazil) measured absorption at a wavelength of 517 nm and compared with the power of antioxidant quersetin. The results showed that the methanol extract rendemen is at 1.935% for flowers and leaves at 5.17%. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the flowers patikala (E. elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) have low antioxidant activity with the value IC50 101.84 mg / mL and methanol extracts of leaves Patikala (E. elatior (Jack) R.MSm) have strong antioxidant activity with value IC50 30,65 mg / mL. This potential is lower than that of quercetin IC50 value of 5.35 mg / m
Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) Terhadap Motilitas Usus Mencit Putih Jantan
Get PDFKemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) is a well known plant that contains essential oils with citral as a major compound. Citral is reported to have beneficial effect on intestinal motility. This reseach investigated the effect of essential oil of kemangi leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) on male DDY mices intestinal motility. Thirty mices were divided into six groups and each group was pretreated with 0,2 ml of 0,5% CMC (negative control), 1 mg/kg BW of atropine sulfate (positive control), 5 mg/kg BW of citral (comparative control), and three dose variation of volatile oil of kemangi leaves (25 mg/kg BW; 50 mg/kg BW; 100 mg/kg BW) orally. All mices were given charcoal meal suspension 0,2 ml orally, and the animals were sacrificed. The percentage ratio and inhibition were analysed by measure the intestinal transit of charcoal. The results showed that the essential oil of kemangi leaves dose 100 mg/kg BW significantly (p < 0.05) reduced intestinal transit in mice with the percentage inhibition value of 59,79%. This value is not significant different (p> 0.05) compared with citral and atropine sulfate. This research concluded that the essential oil of kemangi leaves has potential effect as antispasmodic agent
Uji Efektivitas Antihiperglikemia Kombinasi Jus Pare (Momordica charantia L) dan Jus Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) pada Tikus Wistar Jantan dengan Metode Toleransi Glukosa
Get PDFDiabetes melitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder condition characterized by hyperglycemia. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) are plant that have actvity antihiperglicemic actvity that contain triterpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, and saponin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination antihiperglicemic bitter melon juice and tomato juice on male Wistar rats that was induced sucrose. Animals were divided into 6 groups. Blood glucose levels was measured at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minutes with enzymatic method using a glucometer. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney with a 95% confidence level. The research showed a blood glucose level of negative group differ significantly from the other group (P>0.05 ) and did not differ significantly with group 6 (P>0.05). Group 5 (bitter melon juice 17.4 g/KgBW and tomato juice 16.8 g/KgBW) has a significant difference (P<0.05) with other groups and more effectively lowering blood glucose levels from minute 90th to minute 120th. Group 5 has the lowering effect of blood glucose levels than single juice
Formulasi Krim Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk) Sebagai Anti Aging
Get PDFPurple sweet potatoes leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk) Antin 3 variety (IBLA) are natural antioxidant sources because of anthocyanins contents. IBLA extracted by kinetic maseration with 70 % ethanolic solution. The aims of this research are to determine antioxidant activity for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) scavenging activity and formulating IBLA extract into oil in water base cream dosage form. Both the base cream and formulation were stored at 28ºC for a period of 4 weeks to predict their stability. The evaluation parameters consisted of organoleptic, homogenity, pH value, viscosity, emulsion type, dispersive power, mechanic and freeze and thaw. Futhermore, the base cream and formulation were evaluated for their effects on skin moisture, curvature and pigmentation. The results showed that ethanolic extract of IBLA had antioxidant activity of 80.43 % compared with pure vitamin C. IC 50 value of IBLA extract is 3.68 ppm while vitamin C is 2.96 ppm. Base and antioxidant creams had a physical stability for 4 weeks. The base and antioxidant creams have no effect on promoting skin moisture. The base cream had no effect in inhibiting curvature but antioxidant cream was effective to inhibit curvature. The base showed no pigmentation inhibiting effect but antioxidant cream was effective in inhibiting pigmentation
Formulasi Gel Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis
Get PDFAcnes vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of Impatiens balsamina L. has been studied for many years. The aims of this study are to find out the antiacne effect from methanolic extract of stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina L. that formulated in gel. Simplicia were extracted using soxhlet technique bu using methanol as solvent. Extracts were then formulated in gel in three variations of HPMC 4000 and Carbopol 934 as gel base with ratio of 70:30 (F1), 50:50 (F2) and 30:70 (F3). The determination of antiacne effect was done using disc diffusion method. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of those gels includes organoleptic examination, spreadability testing, adhesion testing and pH testing. Data were analyzed using R version 2.14.1 package R-commander. Determination results showed the diameter of inhibition zone from FI, FII and FIII for P.acnes are 6.46 ±0.15 mm; 12.16 ± 0.35 mm; 16.13 ± 0.35 mm and for S. epidermidis sebesar 14.5 ± 0.47 mm; 16.56 ± 0.651 mm; 17.13 ± 0.44 mm. Analysis results showed that gel of FIII gave optimal antiacne effect, and significantly different from positive control (p<0,05). The evaluation of gel showed that they have homogeny texture, good spreadability and adhesion, as well as the pH