Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi
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Aktivitas Enzim Amilase, Lipase dan Protease Pada Probiotik Indigenus Kelompok Lactobacillus casei
Full text linkAmilase, lipase, dan protease merupakan biokatalisator yang dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah penyerapan nutrisi dalam saluran pencernaan. Enzim tersebut dapat diproduksi oleh bakteri indigenus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas enzim amilase, lipase, dan protease pada probiotik indigenus kelompok Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dimulai dari menumbuhkan bakteri uji pada media selektif amilase, lipase, dan protease. Selanjutnya analisis aktivitas enzim amilase, lipase, dan protease yaitu penghitungan zona bening dan indeks aktivitas enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesies memiliki aktivitas enzim amilase, lipase, dan protease, yang ditandai dengan zona bening di sekitar koloni. Indeks hidrolisis menunjukkan kelompok L. casei menghasilkan nilai beragam dan menunjukkan reaksi kuat. Indeks hidrolisis aktivitas protease tertinggi dihasilkan oleh L. rhamnosus memiliki indeks hidrolisis aktivitas protease tertinggi (3,36 mm), L. casei indeks hidrolisis aktivitas amilase tertinggi (1,76 mm), dan L. paracasei memiliki indeks hidrolisis aktivitas lipase tertinggi (1,82 mm). Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok L. casei dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber enzim untuk meningkatkan kesehatan sistem pencernaan
Leukocyte Profile of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) After Consumption of Feed With Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) Feed Additives and Liquid Nano Chitosan
Full text linkBroilers (Gallus domesticus) are prone to stress and immune suppression due to inadequate environmental conditions and feed quality. Spirulina, known for its antioxidant and immunostimulant properties, and liquid nano chitosan, which has antibacterial activity, are considered promising feed additives for broiler health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Spirulina flour, liquid nano chitosan, and their interaction on broiler leukocyte profiles. A factorial completely randomized design was used, with six treatment groups and four replications. Treatments included a control and diets supplemented with 0; 3; or 6% Spirulina powder, combined with 0 or 5% liquid nanochitosan. The treatments were applied for 26 days. Leukocyte observations were performed using Giemsa-stained blood smears at 400× magnification. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA (α= 0.05) and the Friedman Test. Results showed normal leukocyte morphology. Spirulina supplementation had no significant effect (P >0.05) on leukocyte, heterophil, or lymphocyte counts. In contrast, 5% liquid nano chitosan significantly affected (P <0.05) leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers. No interaction between the two additives was observed. In conclusion, Spirulina (3–6%) showed potential as a feed additive, while 5% liquid nano chitosan reduced leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. These natural additives may support broiler health without altering leukocyte profiles
Multiplikasi Tunas Tembakau Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Benzyl Amino Purine Dan Furfuryl Amino Purine Melalui Metode Thin Cell Layer
Full text linkTembakau sebagai bahan baku pembuatan rokok mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan ekspor yang tinggi, namun permasalahan perbanyakan secara konvensional sering menghasilkan keturunan yang heterogen dan beberapa komoditas introduksi seringkali mengalami pertumbuhan yang tidak normal pada fase pembibitan sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan tanam yang seragam sering menjadi kendala. Kultur in vitro dapat menjadi alternatif dalam perbanyakan bahan tanam yang relatif seragam dan tahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) utamanya golongan sitokinin seperti benzyl amino purine (BAP) dan kinetin sangat mendukung pada multiplikasi tunas tembakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi BAP dan kinetin yang optimal pada multiplikasi tunas tembakau. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan faktor BAP (0, 2, 3, dan 4 ppm) dan faktor kinetin (0, 3, dan 4 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi BAP dan kinetin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan bertunas, jumlah tunas, dan daun dengan perlakuan terbaik. Konsentrasi BAP 3 ppm + kinetin 4 ppm yang menginduksi tunas pada 8,3 HST; jumlah tunas 81,3; dan jumlah daun 142,3 helai. Penggunaan BAP berpengaruh nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan berkalus dengan perlakuan terbaik pada konsentrasi 3 ppm BAP yang menginduksi kalus pada 10,78 HST. Kinetin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan bertunas dengan perlakuan terbaik P2M2 yaitu 4 ppm, yang menginduksi tunas pada 8,3 HST. Kesimpulannya perlakuan BAP 3 ppm + 4 ppm kinetin merupakan perlakuan terbaik
The Composition of The Foraging Habitat of Bats (Pteropodidae) in Three Urban Open Spaces in South Tangerang City
Full text linkPteropodidae bats play an important role in seed dispersal and plant pollination in urban areas. This study aims to identify microclimate factors and forage plant phenology that influence the selection of foraging habitats of Pteropodidae bats in three Green Open Spaces of South Tangerang City. Bat captures were conducted using mist nets placed purposively, for 3 nights with 2 mist nets each in 3 different habitat types. The analysis used was Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) using Canoco software version 4.5. The results found 4 types of Pteropodidae bats, namely Cynopterus brachyotis, Cynopterus horsfieldii, Cynopterus titthaecheilus, and Macroglossus sobrinus. A total of 28 species from 18 plant families were identified that have the potential to be used as food for Pteropodidae bats in South Tangerang City. Based on the results of the analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the microclimate factors that influence foraging preferences are the level of disturbance and 3 groups have different tendencies in choosing foraging habitats
Significance of Nitrogen Limited Medium (NLM) Components on Lipid Production Lipomyces starkeyi Y853
Full text linkOleaginous yeasts, such as Lipomyces starkeyi, can convert carbon and nitrogen sources into lipids up to 50% of the cell\u27s dry weight. A high lipid percentage was achieved (53.5%) using Nitrogen Limited Medium (NLM), which indicates that the components of NLM play a role in the production of biomass and lipids. Nevertheless, the statistical analysis of the role of NLM components on lipid production has not yet been conducted. Thus, this research was designed and carried out to determine the role of NLM components in lipid production using Plackett-Burman Design. The results show that the variables had an insignificant impact on lipid production based on the ANOVA test (P >0.05). Additionally, main effect plots were generated to identify the negative and positive effects of the components. The graph indicates that peptone and yeast extract (YE) are essential components in high concentrations to increase lipid production. This result was due to the insufficient concentration used in this experiment (YE= 0.5 g/L; peptone= 0.3 g/L) compared to the optimal conditions (YE= 8 g/L; peptone= 3 g/L). Therefore, further research should be conducted with the addition of external factors (pH, temperature, shaker speed) to acquire more significant results on biomass lipid production
In Silico Evaluation Reveals The Potential Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bifidobacterium
Full text linkAbstractBifidobacteria have beneficial health effects for their hosts. However, they may acquire antibiotic-resistance genes. They may transfer antibiotic-resistance genes to pathogenic microbes found in the human intestine resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study aimed to predict their resistance to antibiotics by analyzing the whole genome sequence. The entire genome data of Bifidobacterium spp. were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This study included five Bifidobacterium strains of human origin, five strains of animal origin, and three strains isolated from the environment. The genomic sequences were analyzed using ResFinder and CARD web service. Antibiotic-resistance genes were detected in Bifidobacterium spp. from all sample sources. Bifidobacteria were potentially resistant to various antibiotics, such as tetracycline, rifamycin, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin, and mupirocin-like antibiotics. This study suggests the safety aspect consideration of applying Bifidobacterium spp. as a potential probiotic.AbstrakBifidobacteria memiliki efek kesehatan yang menguntungkan bagi inangnya. Namun, sel Bifidobacteria dapat memperoleh gen resistensi antibiotik. Hal ini memunculkan potensi transfer gen resistensi antibiotik ke mikroba patogen yang ditemukan di usus manusia yang mengakibatkan munculnya patogen yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi resistensi Bifidobacteria terhadap antibiotik dengan menganalisis seluruh urutan genomnya. Seluruh data genom Bifidobacterium spp. diperoleh dari National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Penelitian ini melibatkan lima strain Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia, lima strain yang berasal dari hewan, dan tiga strain yang diisolasi dari lingkungan. Sekuens genom dianalisis menggunakan ResFinder dan layanan web CARD. Gen resistensi antibiotik terdeteksi pada Bifidobacterium spp. dari semua sumber sampel. Bifidobacteria berpotensi menjadi resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotik, seperti tetrasiklin, rifamisin, kloramfenikol, makrolida, linkosamida, streptogramin, dan mupirocin-like antibiotics. Penelitian ini menyarankan pertimbangan aspek keamanan dalam menggunakan Bifidobacterium spp. sebagai probiotik potensial.
Endophytic Bacteria From Banana Plants Improves The Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa) and Maize Plants (Zea mays)
Full text linkAbstractFive isolates of endophytic bacteria from the roots of klutuk and ambon banana plants produce indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone. However, the evidence of its potential as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) has not been observed. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of bacterial isolate to increase the growth of rice and maize plants. The growth rates of bacterial isolates were measured before the inoculation into the plant root. The root inoculation was performed following a complete randomized design. Root inoculation was carried out using 5 isolates of endophytic bacteria in rice and maize plant seedlings, and the process was repeated 15 times (n=15). The growth of rice and maize plants was monitored from 1st day after planting (dap) to the 14th dap. The collected data were analyzed by student t-test with a significant level of 5% (a= 0.05). The results showed that the logarithmic phase of all isolates was reached at 4 to 16 hours and K10, K25, K35, K111, and A41 isolates increased the height of plants while the K111 isolate can significantly increase the plant height compared to the control. This experiment revealed that the endophytic bacteria from banana plants increase the rice and maize plant’s growth.AbstrakLima isolat bakteri menghasilkan hormon indole acetic acid (IAA) yang berpotensi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Namun, bukti empiris potensinya sebagai Plant Growth Promoter Bacteria (PGPB) belum didapatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh isolat bakteri terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan padi dan jagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain rancangan acak lengkap dan setiap perlakuan diulang 15 kali (n= 15). Hasil pertumbuhan tanaman yang diinokulasi dengan isolat bakteri masing-masing dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Sebelum perlakuan, tingkat pertumbuhan bakteri endofit diukur sehingga didapatkan fase logaritmik yang cocok untuk dilakukan inokulasi ke akar tanaman. Setelah perlakuan, pertumbuhan tanaman padi dan jagung dipantau dari hari ke-1 setelah tanam (hat) sampai dengan ke-14 hat. Data dianalisis dengan uji t dengan taraf signifikan 5% (α= 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 isolat yang berasal dari tanaman pisang mengalami fase logaritmik pada masa inkubasi 4 hingga 16 jam dan semua isolat bakteri meningkatkan tinggi tanaman serta isolat K111 dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan kemampuan bakteri endofit dari tanaman pisang untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman
Identifikasi DNA Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp.) Pada Siomai dengan DNA Barcoding
Full text linkAbstrakSiomai adalah salah satu jenis makanan yang menggunakan bahan baku utama ikan. Pada dasarnya pembuatan siomai dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis ikan, ikan sapu-sapu bisa jadi salah satunya. Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang banyak hidup di perairan Indonesia misalnya pada Sungai Ciliwung. Tercemarnya air Sungai Ciliwung dengan logam berat Hg, Pb, Cd, dan Ag sangat memungkinkan logam-logam berat tersebut terakumulasi pada ikan sapu-sapu. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi DNA ikan sapu-sapu pada sampel siomai dan menganalisis adanya kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai yang mengandung ikan sapu-sapu. Sampel siomai yang dianalisis sebanyak 28 sampel. Sampel ini didapatkan dari 28 lokasi berbeda di sekitar stasiun kereta api Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Analisis DNA ikan sapu-sapu menggunakan primer spesifik dan analisis logam berat menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Sebanyak 9 dari 28 sampel memperlihatkan pita berukuran 496 pb pada gel elektroforesis. Pita tersebut terkonfirmasi spesies ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis dan Hypostomus plecostomus) setelah dianalisis menggunakan sequencing sanger. Sebanyak 9 sampel yang teridentifikasi mengandung ikan sapu-sapu juga mengandung logam berat Pb dengan rentang konsentrasi 0,06 mg/kg sampai 0,12 mg/kg dan logam berat Cd <0,007 mg/kg. Kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai masih di bawah ambang batas aman sesuai ketentuan SNI dan BPOM.AbstractSiomai is a type of food that uses fish as the main ingredient. Siomai can be made by using various types of fish, suckermouth catfish can be one of them. Suckermouth catfish is a type of fish that lives a lot in Indonesian rivers, for example in the Ciliwung River. Pollution of Ciliwung River water with heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd, and Ag makes it possible for these heavy metals to accumulate in the suckermouth catfish. The purpose of this study is to identify the suckermouth catfish DNA in the siomai sample and analyze the presence of heavy metals in the siomai sample containing suckermouth catfish. Siomai samples analyzed were 28 samples. This sample was obtained from 28 different locations around the DKI Jakarta Provincial train station. DNA Analysis of the suckermouth catfish using specific primers and analysis of heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Nine of the 28 samples showed a 496 bp band on the electrophoretic gel. The band was confirmed by the species of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Hypostomus plecostomus) after being analyzed using Sanger sequencing. A total of 9 samples that were identified as containing suckermouth catfish also contained the heavy metal Pb with a concentration range of 0.06 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg and the heavy metal Cd <0.007 mg/kg. The heavy metals content in the siomai sample is still below the safe threshold according to SNI and BPOM provisions
Effectiveness of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Extract on Increasing Stamina in Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Full text linkAbstractResearch using ethanol extract from black cumin seeds aims to find out whether black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) can be effective in increasing the stamina of male mice. The research design used was a completely randomized design (RAL). The samples used were 24 male mice consisting of four treatments and six repetitions. The dosing treatment consisted of a normal control group (P0), 30 mg/kg weight (P1), 60 mg/kg weight (P2), and 120 mg/kg weight (P3). The swimming test method was used to determine the effect of increasing stamina on mice. Data on the swimming duration of mice were analyzed using the ANOVA test then continued using the Post Hoc Test, namely LSD. The average stamina of mice based on swimming duration was the highest, namely at a dose of 120 mg/kgW (P3). Administration of black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) at doses of 30 mg/kgBW, 60 mg/kgW, and 120 mg/kgW for 14 days provided effectiveness in increasing stamina in male white mice (Mus musculus) as indicated by an increase in the swimming duration of the mice in each treatment.AbstrakPenelitian menggunakan ekstrak etanol biji jinten hitam bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak biji jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan stamina mencit jantan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan enam pengulangan. Perlakuan pemberian dosis terdiri atas kelompok kontrol normal (P0), 30 mg/kgBB (P1), 60 mg/kgBB (P2), dan 120 mg/kgBB (P3). Metode swimming test digunakan untuk mengetahui efek peningkatan stamina terhadap mencit. Data durasi renang mencit dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Post Hoc Test yaitu LSD. Rata-rata stamina mencit berdasarkan durasi renang yang paling tinggi yaitu pada dosis 120 mg/kgBB (P3). Pemberian ekstrak biji jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) pada dosis 30 mg/kgBB, 60 mg/kgBB, dan 120 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari dapat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan stamina pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus) ditandai meningkatnya durasi renang mencit dimasing-masing perlakuan.