Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi
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Induksi Kalus dari Eksplan Daun In Vitro Keladi Tikus (Typhonium sp.) dengan Perlakuan 2,4-D dan Kinetin
Get PDFRodent tuber (Typhonium sp.) belongs to Araceae that has a potential as medicinal plant. This procedure takes a long periode to produce a large quantity of plant. Therefore, an in vitro propagation using callus culture is necessary to solve this problem. This research aimed to determine the best concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin to induce callus of in vitro leaf rodent tuber explants. This research used in vitro leaft explants of rodent tuber with MS medium. The design used is Randomize Group Design with 10 treatment. The results showed that explants could not produce callus, the explants response just a swelling leaf explants. The treatment that could give up to 100% swelling response was 2.4-D 0.5 mg / L dan 1 mg / L and the combination treatment 0.5 mg / L 2.4-D + 0.3 mg /L kinetin, 0.5 mg / L 2.4-D + 0.5 mg / L kinetin and 1.5 mg / L 2.4-D + 0.5 mg / L kinetin. The treatments that could maintain 66.67% explants growth was the combination 0.5 mg / L 2.4-D + 0.5 mg / L kinetin and 1 mg /L 2.4-D + 0.5 mg / L kinetin
Komunitas Burung di Pulau Tidung Kecil Kepulauan Seribu
Get PDFTidung Kecil Island had potential as bird’s habitat because the condition of forest better than Tidung Besar. Bird’s habitat in Tidung Kecil Island also had bad potential because of logging and burned in vegetation areal for build and for activity of tourism. Study about bird were very important because we could know the change that happened in one ecosystem. The purposed of this research was to know the variety of bird and usefully of vegetation as bird’s habitat in Tidung Kecil Island. This researched hold on January until March 2015 in Tidung Kecil Island, Thousand Island, Jakarta. This research carried out by combination of IPA (Index Point Of Abundance) method and transect method that divided into 9 point along transect. The result of researched were 29 species of bird from 19 family with IPA method and 31 species of bird from 20 family with Mackinnon list method. Composition of bird species include of 24 resident bird species and 7 migrant bird species. The number of variety species index was 2,39 (medium). Evenness index value was 0,7 (high). The number of species richness was 4,31(high). The species of tree that often used by bird was Casuarina equisetifolia (76,47%). The most used base of vertical level tree by bird in Tidung Kecil Island was level three. Conservation status in Tidung Kecil Island based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) were 100% (least concern). Based on Government Regulations No.7 year 1999, there were 7 species of bird that were protected. There were no species of bird that were protected by CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Spesies of Wild Fauna and Flora)
Aplikasi Effective Microorganism 10 (Em10) untuk Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus var. Sangkuriang) di Kolam Budidaya Lele Jombang, Tangerang
Get PDFThe catfish is a fish that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. The Catfish growth depand on by the availability of food and water quality. EM4 and EM10 are an example of liquid biofertilizer. The addition of EM4 in the fish pond can help the growth of the fish and maintain of the water quality. While the test of EM10 has not been done on fishery fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EM10 fertilizers on of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus Var. sangkuriang) growth and water quality. This research was conducted in February-March 2014. Research using completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tested were control (A), EM4 10 ml (B), EM4 20 ml (C), EM4 30 ml (D), EM10 10 ml (E), EM10 20 ml (F), and EM10 30 ml (G ). Analysis of data were using ANOVA followed by Duncan test if there is a real effect (ᾱ = 0.05). EM10 fertilizers at concentration of 20 ml could affect to the specific growth rate on catfish in 7 days maintenance, the concentration of 10 ml at 14 days of villa maintenance and the concentration of 30 ml at 28 days of maintenance. EM10 fertilizers can affect the weight growth of catfish. Fertilizer EM10 can maintain the temperature of the water
Estimasi Karbon Tersimpan pada Tegakan Pohon di Hutan Pantai Pulau Kotok Besar, Bagian Barat, Kepulauan Seribu
Get PDFThe high activity of urban communities anthropogenic especially in Jakarta City cause high rates of carbon emissions. This problem is increased with the high rate of deforestation which is high enough in urban areas. One of ecosystem that can reduce carbon emissions is coastal forest ecosystem. Forests can reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere and storing it in various compartments such as vegetation, litter and soil organic matter. One of the islands which have a coastal forest with good enough condition is Kotok Besar Island, the cluster of Seribu Islands. This study aims to estimate the carbon stored in tree stands at coastal forest region of west side of Kotok Besar Island, Seribu Islands. Methods of calculating carbon stock was done by making the observation plots and distributed by random sampling method to calculate diameter at breast height (dbh) and identify the type of tree stands were found in the observation plots. dbh data was inserted into allometric equation to obtain the potential of stored carbon estimates. The results showed that the coastal forest of west side of the Kotok Besar Island have the number of plant species that dominate as many as four species, which consists of Thespesia populnea, Casuarina sp., Calophyllum sp., and Cocos nucifera. Biomass value is 853.94 tons / ha and potential of carbon stored is 426.97 tons/ha
Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) sebagai Bioindikator untuk Polusi di Sekitar Terminal Lebak Bulus
Get PDFJakarta as one of the biggest city in Indonesia, it own more than 6.506.244 units of motor vehicles. The combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles can cause air pollution. Station is represented as one of heavy pollution location. The observation has be done by abservate the amount of vehicles, stomatal characteristic, and weight of dust on Angsana leaves, which growth around Lebak Bulus station. As the result, there is relation between weight of dust on leaf and stomatal characteristic, with r value = 1. The level weighat of dust on leaf has effect to stomata conditions, such as surface of stomata become smaller and shape of stomata become irregular, but amount and size of stomata didn’t influenced. In some case, leaf can be identifid by visible symptoms of injury such as chlorotic at the leaf veins, which caused by SO2 or black or brown flecks at the leaf veins, which caused by NOx
Aktivitas Antibakteri Kapang Endofit dari Tanaman Kina (Cinchona calisaya Wedd.)
Get PDFoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2690Endophytic microorganisms are microorganisms that live in the tissues of plant organ and not harm its host. One of them is the endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi could produce the same compound as the host plant. The Plants produced alkaloids quinine that could potentially inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study aims to test the potential of endophytic fungi produced quinine as an antibacterial. The method used to test the antibacterial is a paper disc diffusion. Results of the analysis of data using one-way ANOVA showed that there are significant differences zona between the diametre of inhibitory of the endophytic fungi extract. Endophytic fungi M16 and M33 produced the greatest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 14.9 mm and 9.2 mm respectively
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT PADA PLOT CUPLIKAN DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO, INDONESIA
Get PDFAbstrak Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) merupakan kawasan yang kaya akan keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan obat. Hal tersebut disebabkan tanah yang subur dan iklim mikro hutan tropis yang lembab di kawasan ini. Jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat yang beragam ini perlu dikaji potensi dan penyebarannya untuk menjaga kelestarian dan keberlanjutannya. Pengambilan sampel tumbuhan menggunakan metode kuadrat berukuran 2x2 m2, 5x5 m2, 10x10 m2, dan 20x20 m2 pada ketinggian 1400, 1500, dan 1600 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl). Tumbuhan diidentifikasi secara langsung menggunakan buku identifikasi tumbuhan obat dan jasa parataksonom. Metode wawancara dilakukan terhadap masyarakat lokal di sekitar hutan TNGGP yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan Excel 2007 dan dideskripsikan bagian tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat. Tumbuhan obat yang berhasil diidentifikasi sejumlah 45 jenis yang termasuk ke dalam 40 marga dan 29 suku. Suku dengan anggota terbanyak yaitu 4 jenis ditemukan pada Urticaceae, sedangkan suku lainnya beranggotakan satu hingga tiga jenis. Anggota suku Urticaceae diyakini dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan demam, batuk, mata, organ vital wanita, dan anti kanker. Bagian tumbuhan yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat adalah daun (42%) dibandingkan akar, batang, bunga, dan buah. Tingkat keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat tergolong sedang (1≤H’≤3). Kekayaan jenis tumbuhan berperawakan herba tergolong tinggi (R’>5), pancang dan pohon tergolong sedang (R’=3,5─5), dan tiang berkategori rendah (R’<3,5). Informasi tentang potensi tumbuhan obat di hutan TNGGP diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar kawasan pada khususnya dan mendukung upaya konservasi agar tetap terjaga kelestariannya. Abstract Mount Gede Pangrango National Park stores tremendous of medicinal plants due to soil fertility and humid microclimate of tropical forest. This diversity and distribution need to be further explored to maintain its sustainability. The method of measurement used vegetation analysis by applying quadratic sample plots as follows: 2x2 m2, 5x5 m2, 10x10 m2, and 20x20 m2 on the elevation of 1400, 1500, and 1600 meters above sea level. Plant identification was referred to literature and parataxonomist. Meanwhile, utilization data were collected by interview technique to the local people who are knowledgeable about medicinal plants. The quantitative data was analyzed by Excel 2007. At least about 45 species belonged to 40 genus and 29 families. The most numbers found was Urticaceae and it is convinced to cure fever, cough, eye diseases, woman vital organ, and anti-cancer. The most frequently used part is the leaves (42%), followed by root, stem, flower and fruit. The diversity of those medicinal plants was categorized as moderate (1≤H≤3). Meanwhile, herbaceous possessed the highly rich index (R’>5), boundary pole and tree R’=3.5─5, and bar R’<3.5. This finding is supposed to be useful for local people in supporting conservation sustainably.
Kualitas Mikrobiologis Udara di Salah Satu Pusat Perbelanjaan di Jakarta Selatan
Get PDFThe airborne bacteria and fungi in parking building, playground and food court in Blok M Square, South Jakarta, were assessed in order to investigate air quality in one of the shopping center in Jakarta. The air sample was passed through plate count agar and potato dextrose agar using a single-stage multi-orifice Sampler SKC Biostage Standard. Results showed that average microbial concen-trations were 200.17, 101.17, 55, 33 CFU bacteria per m3, and 109.54, 37.69, 27.09 CFU fungi per m3 of air volume in the parking building, the children playground and the food court, respectively. The most dominating bacteria had characteristicsresembleairborne Bacillus subtilis, while the most dominating fungi wereidentified as Cryptococcus sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. The microbial concentrations were different significantly (α=0,05) inall the three areas. In addition, there were strong relationship and significant influence between the concentrations of bacteria and fungi to temperature, humidity and light intensity in in all the three areas based on Pearson correlation analysis. For today, there is no air quality standard specifically for shopping center, so the data were compared tocommon standards for indoor air quality. The concentration of bacteria and fungi met the standard regulated by TheMinistry of Health Republic of IndonesiaNo.1405/MENKES/SK/ XI/2002 about Environmental Requirements for Office and Industrial., i.e <700 CFU/m3, and acceptable according to World Health Organization (WHO) with 500 CFU/m3 as a normal condition. In any case, it is advisable to be aware ofthe spread of airborne bacteria and fungi in shopping centersthat are potentially pathogenic
Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Agitasi pada Produksi Β-Glukan dari Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFβ-glucan is very interesting to study because of a variety of benefits that it provides. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular yeast which has a β-glucan component of the biggest in the cell wall. This study aimed to describe the effect of agitation speed on the production of β-glucan from S. cerevisiae. Agitation speed plays an important role in cell growth. This research used agitation speed at 80 rpm, 120 rpm and 200 rpm. The research design used was a completely randomized design with three replications. During the fermentation in sixteen hours, several parameters were examined including cell number, pH, glucose and protein of the medium and the crude β-glucan. β-glucan extraction procedures done by adding NaOH 2% solution to the fermented product. Then, the supernatant was neutralized with acetic acid solution. To get the crude deposits of β-glucan, ethanol 96% was added in volume as three times of the supernatant. Production of β-glucan was increas along with the growth of the cell.Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA test followed by LSD analysis. Production of β-glucan increases with cell growth. pH value, the concentration of carbon source and nitrogen source on the substrate decreased during the fermentation process. β-glucan production also increased as the rising of agitation speed from the 80 rpm until 200 rpm. Rate of β-glucan production in 80 rpm, 120 rpm and 200 rpm were 18.19 μgL-1/ hour, 40.42 μgL-1/ hour, 44.03 μgL-1/ hour, respectively. Based on the experiment results, the most optimum agitation speed for beta-glucan were respectively 200 rpm with beta-glucan content reached 1624.44 µg/L
Uji Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) terhadap Fertilitas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Betina pada Tahap Praimplantasi
Get PDFThis study aims to test extract ethanol of leaves Pennywort (Centellaasiatica L. Urban) toward fertilitation of female white mice Sprague Dawley strain at the praimplantation. Parameters used implantation (IM), loss of gestation (KGE) and death of pasca-implantation (KPI) after 15 days pregnant.This research conducted from April 2014 in the biology laboratory of UHAMKA, East Jakarta. The sample used 24 rat that divided into four treatment, namely: control(D0), 125(D1), 150(D2 and 175 mgkg-1 bw(D3)with Complete Random Design.The results of data by paired samples test analysis obtained significant differences (p<0,05) between the control group ( D0 ) with the doses 150 mgkg-1 bb (D2) on the decline IM and an increase KGE.On the percentage the average KPI obtained influence is no real different ( p>0.05 ) in all treatment, but a tendency increased the KPI average percentage in the doses 175 mgkg-1 bw (D3).The conclution of this researchis the ethanol extract of leaves Pennywort can reduce the percentage of the average number on implantation (IM) and increase the loss of gestation (KGE) with an effective dose of 150 mgkg-1 bw. Then, the tendency to raise the post-death implantation (KPI) early stage at a dose of 175 mgkg-1 bw