Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi
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Root Induction of Borneo Prima Tangerine (Citrus Reticulata) By In Vitro Method Using Natural Plant Growth Regulator Raja Banana (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Raja) and Synthetic Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)
Full text linkBorneo prima tangerine (Citrus reticulata) is a plant species from East Kalimantan, which is expected to become one of the leading citrus in the country. The obstacle to developing this citrus is that cultivation is still limited, so efforts are needed to cultivate plants using in vitro techniques. The process of plant multiplication has been done, the next step is rooting. The purpose of this research is to know the type and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR) that are optimal in stimulating root growth in Borneo prima tangerine plants. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely control (without the addition of PGR), the addition of natural PGR raja banana extract with concentrations of 25; 50; 75; and 100 g/L, synthetic PGR Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mg/L, each treatment with 3 replicates. The results showed the addition of raja banana extract 75 g/L produced the fastest root emergence time of 3.33 days, the addition of NAA 0.5 mg/L produced the highest number of roots, namely 4.67 roots, and plantain extract 50 g/L produced the longest roots, namely 4.50 cm. This means that the addition of raja banana extract gives the best results in inducing root formation
Potential Combination of Cermai (Phyllanthus acidus) and Mulberry (Morus alba) Fruit Extract as a Candidate For Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Full text linkMelanin, a pigment derived from UV radiation, is crucial in preventing skin damage and can cause aesthetic and dermatological problems such as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Melanogenesis is a complex process involving enzymes and cytokines, with UV being a primary contributor. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. This study aims to test the potential of combining cermai fruit extract (CE) and mulberry fruit (ME) as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The tests included antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, total phenolic content using the Folin Ciocalteu method, flavonoid content using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, and sun protection factor (SPF) value using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was observed in (CE), followed by the combination of ME: CE in the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and then ME. The same pattern was seen in the flavonoid content assay results. The antioxidant activity, as indicated by the IC50 values, followed the following order CE 418.30%; ME: CE (1:3) 400.49%; ME: CE (1:1) 367.73%; ME: CE (3:1) 358.04%; and ME 344.43%. The highest SPF value was observed in ME. It can be concluded that this study shows that the combination of CE and ME extracts has potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin protective agent from hyperpigmentation due to UV exposure
Biodiversity of Tree Species: Composition and Structure in Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park, Batu, East Java, Indonesia
Full text linkRaden Soerjo Grand Forest Park is a conservation area in East Java with moderate tree diversity. This study analyzed the diversity, composition, and structure of trees in three vegetation types: open forest, closed forest, and post-fire forest. Data collection used a systematic sampling method with random start. Data in the form of tree species names and numbers of individuals were analyzed to determine the ecological index and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 25 species from 21 families were identified, with Fagaceae and Lauraceae dominating in open and closed forests, and Casuarinaceae in post-fire forest. Lithocarpus sundaicus showed the highest Importance Value Index in open and closed forests, while Casuarina junghuhniana dominated the post-fire forest. Pioneer species such as Homalanthus populneus, Ficus hispida, and C. junghuhniana were present in all vegetation types. The diversity index showed moderate diversity (1.79 and 2.09), low species richness (2.22 and 3.45), and high evenness (0.69 and 0.71) in open and closed forests. Tree distribution is dominated by the 61–80 cm diameter class in open and closed forests, and 41–60 cm in post-fire forests. CCA showed that light intensity, soil moisture, air temperature, and soil pH influence species distribution. Four species are endemic to Indonesia, with three species of conservation concern: Lithocarpus korthalsii and Canthiumera glabra (near threatened), and Saurauia bracteosa (vulnerable)
Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Carbonatogenic Bacteria From Bukit Bulan Lime Soil as Alternative Biocement Agents for Self-Healing Concrete Cracks
Full text linkEight carbonatogenic bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated from the limestone soils of Bukit Bulan, Jambi Province, Indonesia. This research aims to obtain superior bacteria as biocement agents that can help the self-healing process of concrete cracks. The eight carbonatogenic bacteria are isolates coded BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4, BB5, BB6, BB7, and BB8. Qualitative screening revealed that all isolates were capable of forming calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation in the test medium. Quantitative tests revealed that all isolates were capable of producing precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). CaCO₃ crystals produced by carbonatogenic bacteria exhibit properties of both calcite and vaterite phases, which can potentially enhance the strength of concrete structures. Seventy-five % of the isolates are gram-positive, and 25% are gram-negative. All isolates can produce the enzyme cytochrome oxidase C, which enhances the natural self-healing ability of bacteria in repairing concrete. All isolates can decompose urea, suggesting that they may contribute to the formation of CaCO₃ minerals. The motility test revealed that 50% of carbonatogenic bacteria are motile, which can enhance the efficiency in self-healing concrete. When applied to concrete mixtures, it is known that the carbonatogenic bacteria BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4 can aid in repairing concrete cracks. The BB3 isolate can close concrete cracks faster than other isolates, indicating that it has the potential to be further developed as a biocement agent
Histological Structure of Rat Uterine After Treatment with Nanochitosan Preparation of Ethanolic Neem Leaves Extract
Full text linkNeem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) contain compounds that have antifertility potential. The constraint in giving medicine orally is the low bioavailability and distribution of active compounds in herbal plants. This problem can be solved by packing herbal plant extracts in nanochitosan. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of treating with a nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves on the histological structure of the white rat uterine. This study was conducted for 8 months used a randomized design (CRD), which was divided into 3 treatment groups with 4 repetitions. Treatments is given for 21 days, including P0 (an aquades 2 mL/animal/day), P1 (an ethanol extract of neem leaves 2 mL/animal/day, and P2 (a nanochitosan preparation of neem leaves 2 mL/head/day. The variables measured were endometrial thickness, number of uterine glands, uterine diameter, and uterine weight. Numeric datas were analyzed statistically parametrically using the ANOVA test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the endometrial thickness, uterine diameter, number of uterine glands, and uterine weight of P0 were normal, and did not significantly different (P >0.05) from P1 and P2. The conclusion of this study is that the treatment of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves has the same potential with ethanol extract of neem in affecting the histological structure of white rats uterine
Detection and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Monomorium sp. Ant in The Environment of Kendari City Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi
Full text linkMonomorium sp. ant is one of the insects that are considered pests in the hospital environment and potential to be mechanical vectors that can carry and spread pathogenic bacteria and cause nosocomial infections. This study aims to detect and identify pathogenic bacteria found in Monomorium sp. ants originating from the environment of Kendari City Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi. Sampling of Monomorium sp. was carried out by the bait/sugar trap method in 3 locations of Kendari City Hospital, namely internal inpatient rooms, nutrition installations, and laboratory installations. Detection of pathogenic bacteria was carried out by the pour plate method on selective media, namely MacConkey Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar. The identification of bacteria was carried out by numerical-phenetic analysis based on phenotypic characters using the MVSP 3.1 application. The results of the study identified 5 species of pathogenic bacteria found in Monomorium sp. ants from the Kendari City Hospital environment. Three species of bacteria were found in ants from the internal inpatient room, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Brevundimonas vesicularis, and two species found in ants from nutrition installations, namely Pseudomonas luteola and Staphylococcus auricularis. No pathogenic bacteria were found in ants from the laboratory installation
The Utilization of Cosmetic Plants: An Ethnobotanical Study in Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia has a long history and development of plant utilization for cosmetics; until now, various cosmetic products have been mass-produced and can slowly eliminate the traditional knowledge of local communities on plants that have potential as cosmetics. This study aims to provide information about the types of potential cosmetic plants used by people from several regions in Indonesia. The methods used were open-ended, non-structured interviews and direct observation in the field. The research was conducted in five locations from four provinces (Banten, West Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and Southeast Sulawesi), and 34 plant species from 24 families were recorded. The Zingiberaceae family is the group with the highest number of species, at four. Fruit was the most utilized plant part at 35.2%, followed by flowers and leaves. Most recorded plants were used in skin care (40.38%). Santalum album is one of the plant species that is utilized and is now included as one of the threatened plant species, and there is a need for conservation efforts for this species
The Effect of Muntingia calabura L. Leaf Extract Administration on Blood Glucose Levels and Sperm Motility and Viability in Streptozotocin-Induced Mice
Full text linkIncreased reactive oxygen species levels, a result of antioxidant imbalance in diabetic, can affect metabolism and cellular respiration, especially spermatogenesis that affects sperm quality. Muntingia calabura has proven to be effective as an antidiabetic and rich antioxidant through several studies. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of Muntingia leaf extract on blood sugar levels, sperm motility, and viability in mice induced by streptozotocin. A diabetic animal model was developed with repeated low doses of streptozotocin. The group was divided into 5 groups, which are the negative control, positive control, and three extract groups (100, 150, 200 mg/kg). Blood sugar tests showed that the positive control group, mice induced with streptozotocin without Muntingia leaf extract, had the highest blood sugar levels. Treatment groups with Muntingia leaf extract had different results, those groups successfully reduced blood sugar levels to normal levels. The highest dose, 200 mg/kg, of Muntingia leaf extract reached 85.9% normal sperm motility and 82.9% sperm viability. The ANOVA test result showed a significant relationship between blood sugar levels with sperm motility and viability in streptozotocin-induced mice after Muntingia leaf extract administration. Muntingia leaf extract has the potential to reduce blood sugar levels in hypergly-cemic conditions and to improve sperm motility and viability
Potensi Kulit Buah Jengkol Sebagai Bioinsektisida Terhadap Rayap (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Menggunakan Metode Baiting
Full text linkBioinsektisida merupakan bahan hayati pengendali organisme pengganggu yang berpotensi menjadi hama, di antaranya rayap. Bahan hayati yang berpotensi sebagai bioinsektisida adalah kulit buah jengkol. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi optimal dari ekstrak kulit buah jengkol sebagai bioinsektisida rayap. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak kulit buah jengkol dilakukan secara kualitatif. Mahoni dan jati belanda dijadikan sebagai kayu uji yang direndam ekstrak kulit buah jengkol (konsentrasi 0; 2; 4; dan 6%) selama 24 jam. Kedua jenis kayu diuji pada rayap menggunakan metode pengumpanan (Baiting) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas rayap, penurunan berat kayu uji, dan nilai retensi ekstrak. Data dianalisis Anova (95%) dengan uji lanjut DMRT menggunakan SPSS 25. Ekstrak terbukti mengandung alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berpotensi sebagai racun pencernaan pada rayap. Mortalitas rayap di setiap perlakuan (2; 4; dan 6%) berbeda nyata (P <0,05) dengan perlakuan 0% pada semua kayu uji serta dapat meningkatkan keawetan kayu. Penurunan berat kayu terendah pada perlakuan 6% dan tergolong pada kelas awet I. Ekstrak kulit buah jengkol (6%) mampu meningkatkan kelas awet kayu mahoni dan jati belanda terhadap serangan rayap
In Silico Insights Into Bioactive Compounds of Wild Sumatran Turmeric (Curcuma sumatrana, Zingiberaceae) as Potent Antioxidant Candidates
Full text linkOxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, contributes to various diseases. Natural products, particularly plant-derived compounds, offer promising therapeutic avenues due to their antioxidant potential. This study investigates the antioxidant properties of wild Sumatran turmeric (Curcuma sumatrana), an endemic Zingiberaceae species from Sumatra, through in silico computational analyses of its rhizome’s bioactive compounds. Twenty-two compounds were evaluated for drug-likeness using Lipinski’s Rule of Five, revealing 21 compounds (95%) as orally bioavailable. Predictive bioactivity via PASS Online identified six compounds with moderate antioxidant activity (Pa >0.3). Molecular docking against antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, CAT) and the Keap1-Nrf2 complex demonstrated significant binding affinities. Notably, 9,10-Epoxy-12-octadecenoate exhibited superior binding to SOD (-5.75 kcal/mol), GPx (-6.42 kcal/mol), and Keap1-Nrf2 (-8.39 kcal/mol), outperforming native ligands. Abietic acid and N-Octylgallate also showed strong interactions with Keap1-Nrf2, suggesting activation of antioxidant response pathways. The results highlight C. sumatrana’s potential to modulate enzymatic antioxidants and Nrf2 signalling. The findings underscore the species’ role as a source of bioactive compounds with drug-like properties, advocating further exploration of its phytochemicals for mitigating oxidative stress-related pathologies while highlighting C. sumatrana as a viable candidate for developing natural therapeutics targeting redox imbalance