Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Which is better, non-fermented or fermented diets?: The case of production of broilers
Full text linkThe broilers food was provided fromfermented and non-fermented of the raw materials. Fermentation utilizes microorganisms to transform raw materials into useful products, resulting in the production of nutritionally enriched, very stable food products from low-value carbohydrate and protein substrates. Therefore,this study aimed to assess the growth performance, return above feed cost and mortality of broilers given a non-fermented (control) and fermented feeds using plain water, water+15 ml coco vinegar and water +15 ml RPL8+AKE probiotic as fermenting agents. The fermentation process lasted for 72 hours inside tightly covered container in a dark room at room temperature. A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatment diets and were replicated three times with ten birds per replication following a Complete Randomized Design set-up. Data on cumulative weekly weight gain (CWWG), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and comparison between treatment means was done by Honestly Significant Difference test using the SPSS version 20.0. Results revealed a better growth performance of broilers under non-fermented diet compared with fermented diets. Significantly (p0.01) highest ADG on broilers fed with non-fermented ration (m=0.397g, sd=0.0086g), followed by water+15 ml coco vinegar (0.365g), water+15 ml RPL8+AKE probiotic (m=0.343g, sd=0.0114g) and plain water(m=0.314g, sd=0.0057g). Although below the Philippine average (2.0) and standard (1.9) FCR, broilers fed with non-fermented diet had the better FCR (2.3) than those fed with fermented rations. The lowest feed cost and positive return above feed cost on broilers given fermented diets imply a negative impact on the expected profit in poultry production instead of non-fermented ration. However, no mortality was recorded for broilers given a fermented diets which implies that it produces vigorous broilers
A preliminary study on the effect of enriching feed with fish oil on the growth and survival rate of climbing perch Anabas testudineus
Full text linkThe climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is an economically valuable freshwater fish. Relatively slow growth has been a challenge in the domestication of this species in Indonesia. Nutrition, including feed lipid content, is one factor affecting growth. This study examined the effect of enriching feed with fish oil on the growth and survival of climbing perch (A. testudineus) fingerlings. The research was carried out at the Water Quality and Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia from 17 December to 18 January 2020. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The fish oil feed enrichment treatments were: A (control, 0%); B (1%); C (2%) and D (3%). Water quality remained within the optimum range throughout the research period. Over the month, climbing perch absolute weight gain ranged from 2.40.981 g (A) to 3.4 0.836 g (D), while growth in length ranged from 0.4040.092 cm (A) to 0.5040.071 cm (D); however, the differences were not statistically significant (P0.05). The survival rate of climbing perch over the one month study period was 100% under all treatments, indicating that basic nutritional needs were met. Enrichment of a commercial feed with fish oil (Scotts emulsion) at rates of 1-3% did not provide a significant benefit in terns of climbing perch fingerling growth
Effect of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) extract in drinking water on egg quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Full text linkAsam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) fruit has been reported to contain phytochemicals such as xanthon, hydroxy cytric acid and flavonoids that have various activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of asam kandis extract addition in drinking water on the quality of quail eggs. Ninety nine laying quails of 59 days of age were divided into 3 treatments and 3 replications with 11 laying quails in each replication. Completely Randomized Design was used and the treatments were: T1= control (drinking water without asam kandis extract), T2= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 4, T3= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 3. The parameters observed were egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, shell thickness, and haugh unit score. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences among treatments means were tested by Duncans multiple test. The the addition of asam kandis extract did not affect (P0.05) on egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, and haugh unit score. The addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 significantly (P0.05) increased eggshell thickness compare to that of other treatments. The conclusion was the addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 increased eggshell thickness without decreasing egg quality
In silico SYBR green-based qPCR primer design for virulent protein C gene of Edwardsiella tarda
Full text linkEdwardsiella tarda infection in fish results in economic losses in aquacultureindustries worldwide. Besides, this pathogen is also a zoonotic agent causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. Detection of virulence factors expressed by E. tarda is a key for molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to design SYBRGreen-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) primer for E. tarda virulent protein C (EvpC) gene. A sequence ofEvpCwith accession number AY424360.4:6500-6991 obtained from GenBank NCBI was selected as the basis for qPCR primer design. qPCR primers were designed using Primer3 online software. Further analysis related to the secondary structure of each primer was carried out using Beacon Designer Free Edition. Five pairs of qPCR primers were successfully designed with Primer3. Based on the results of Primer3 and Beacon Designer analysis, F primer pair 1 (5'-GAATCCACCGACGATAAGCACAAA-3') and R primer pair 1 (5'-GACACGCAGCACCGACATCA-3') were the most favorable primer set since this primermet the criteria in terms of length, melting temperature, GC content, and self complementarity. In addition, this primer sethad thehighest (closest to zero)-Gvalueof cross dimer, self dimer, and hairpin. It can be concluded that SYBRGreen-based qPCR primer set forEvpChas been successfully designed. However, laboratory optimization experiments are essential for this designed primer set
Effectiveness of sweep net, yellow pan trap and malaise trap for sampling parasitic hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice
Full text linkThe presence of the parasitic Hymenoptera plays a vital role in pest management for sustainable agriculture. So, it is crucial to know the parasitoid species that exist in an agroecosystem. Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap are often used to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitic in agroecosystems. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap in trapping Parasitic Hymenoptera. The study was carried out at four sub-districts, namely are Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu sub-district. The research was carried out by sampling with the transect line method. Sweep net, Yellow pan trap, and Malaise trap have trapped 5,732 individuals of Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The Parasitic Hymenoptera consists of 10 superfamilies, 30 families, and 320 morphospecies.Malaise traps are the best for trapping parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice.Malaise traps have been able to trap up to 62% of morphospecies and 81% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice. Yellow pan traps trap 28% of morphospecies and 15% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera. The sweep net can trap 10% of morphospecies and 4% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera.Keywords: Parasitic Hymenoptera; trap; tidal swamp rice
Evaluation of the nutritional, sensory and microbial status of processed and preserved soft cheese types
Full text linkThe high nutrient value and the high demand for cheese worldwide has necessitated the adoption of cheese alternatives including Soybean cheese, and different methods of processing it. This study was designed to determine the replacement value of these cheese types by comparing the nutritional, sensory, economic and bacterial attributes of differently processed cheese from cow milk and soybean (cow cheese and soya cheese respectively). Thirty samples each of cow cheese (boiledand fried) and soya cheese (boiled, fried, pepper-coated and egg-coated) constituted six treatments (T1 to T6). The cheese values and bacterial attribute of these six treatments were compared using a Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed that protein was highest in fried soya cheese, then the egg coated soya cheese, but lowest in the pepper coated soya cheese.The sensory values of egg coated soya cheese sample was highest.The pepper coated soya cheese had the highest content of tannins, isoflavones, steroids and phenols, while the fried cow milk cheese had the highest content of alkaloids and terpenoids. The pepper coated soyabean cheese (T5) had lowest bacterial count for the first two days of storage on the shelf. The fried cow cheese (T2) was also low in bacterial count, but highest in cost. The widely prevalent bacteria species in the cheese samples studied include Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum. It was concluded that the freshly prepared cow cheese supplies calcium and sodium abundantly and is low in anti-nutritive factors, but the nutrients contained depreciates fast with storage while the highly nutritious and acceptable egg coated soya cheese and the phytochemicals-rich pepper coated soyabean cheese are highly recommended as lower cost cheese substitutes to enhance protein supply and bioavailability
The growth performance and genotoxicity effect of dietary Aloe vera on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles
Full text linkGrowth and all activities of fish depend significantly on the food they consume.However, with the rising price of conventional feedstuffs, there is a need to investigate less expensive and readily available plant source as an additive. This research is designed to study the effect of dietary Aloe vera on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles (41.710.78g) and its effect on genotoxicity (MN: Micronucleus; LB: Lobed; BD: Bud; BL: Blebbed; BN: Binucleated; NT: Notched).This research investigated the growth performance and genotoxicity activity of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles in a tank culture system.Aloe vera (fine powder) was used as a test ingredient in the feed formulation at five inclusion levels (T1= 5g, T2=10g, T3=15g, T4=20g, T5=25g) and the Control diet (C0) without the test ingredient.Test diets were fed to Oreochromis niloticus juveniles, and each diet was assigned to the treatments and control overall in triplicates.Feeding with test diets was for twelve (12) weeks at 5% of their total body weight daily, which was divided into two and administered at 8 hrs and 16 hrs.The result showed that the highest growth rate (10.99 5.49g) and the lowest FCR (0.68 0.08) were recorded in the fish fed with the Control diet (C0).Better growth and nutrient utilization were achieved at low inclusion levels of Aloe vera, at 5g(T1) (8.98 4.49) and 10g (T2) (6.73 3.28) compared to the higher levels of incorporations of the test ingredient. The mean pH and temperature (C) and dissolved Oxygen level mg/L are 6.500.30, 26.30.60 and 4.480.52mg/L respectively. ThevaluesofmicronucleifortheculturedOreochromisniloticusjuvenileswererecordedtobe(T1= 5.50 0.50, T2= 2.00 1.00, T3= 2.00 0.00, T4= 2.50 1.50, T5= 4.00 1.00, and C0= 7.00 2.00).NuclearabnormalitieswererecordedinT2(BD = 1.00 0.00),T3(NT = 1.00 0.00),T4(BD = 1.33 0.47,BN = 3.33 0.47),andT5(BN = 5.33 0.47,LB = 3.00 1.00,BL = 1.67 0.47) . However, no abnormality was recorded in the fish fed with the Control diet (C0). This result showed that the slight addition of this Aloe vera to the diet of Oreochromis niloticus would enhance productivity
Growth evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus fed different concentrations of choline and methionine
Full text linkA 12-week research was conducted to determine the effects of choline and methionine supplementation on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three diets, P2-P4 with 0.04; 0.08; 0.12 % of choline; P6-P8 with same levels choline plus methionine (0.15 %); a diet with only 0.15 % methionine (P5); and control without any supplementation (P1) were fed to tilapia (initial weight 21.05 g) for 12 weeks. Final weight (FW), Body Weight Gain (BWG), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Feed Efficiency (FE), Feed Intake (FI), Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), Survival Rate (SR), crude protein and lipid of fish fed various levels of choline and methionine were also measured. The results showed that tilapia fed 0.04 % choline (P2) had significantly better growth parameters and feed efficiency than other groups. Meanwhile, SR of tilapia was not affected by any supplementation of choline and methionine. The tilapia fed 0.08% choline (P3) showed the highest crude protein (52.50 0.98 %) in the carcass proximate but low lipid (19.03 0.10 %). This finding demonstrated the benefits of choline (0.04-0.08 %) supplementation in the tilapia diet in term of growth and carcass proximate
Temporal sex ratio, growth patterns and condition factor of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Northern of Tiworo Strait waters, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkBlue swimming crabs Portunus pelagicus occupied Tiworo Strait waters has been experiencing heavy pressure due to high exploitation and damaging its habitat caused by conversion to be a port or jetty particularly in the intertidal and subtidal zones closed to mangrove areas and river mouth. Those zones constitute main habitats of BSCs. The study aimed to analyze temporal sex ratio (SR), growth patterns and condition factor (CF) of BSCs in Tiworo Strait waters which was conducted in JuneDecember 2018. The BSC samples were taken monthly using collapsible pot. Each sample taken was identified its sex, measured its CW and weighed its BW. Monthly SR of male and female was counted, while BWCW relationship was analyzed using a simple linear regression. Growth patterns and CF were derived and analyzed from BWCW regression. The results of study showed that monthly BSC SR of male and female showed females preponderated over males, except in November. The growth pattern of male and female was negative allometric (b 3). Data of BSCs CF were mostly influenced by growth coefficient (b), namely the higher b the lower CF. This condition is frequent happening in BSC population dominated by juvenile and mature stages.This study showed most BSCs found in this location were juvenile which indicated as their nursery ground in the intertidal zone dominated by sand substrate closed to mangrove forest
The effect of nauplii Artemia sp. enriched with biofloc on the performance of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus vannamei post-larvae
Full text linkArtemiasp.is a common natural feed for shrimps at the post-larvae stage and is characterized by poor lipid content. Therefore, Artemia is commonly enrichedwith specific nutrition, including biofloc. Thiscontains some useful nutrientsin theformofprotein and polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB).The aim of this study was toanalyze the effect ofArtemiaenriched with biofloc on thegrowthperformance of black tiger shrimp,P. Monodon,and whiteleg shrimpP. vannamei.This research used acompletely randomized design (CRD),encompassingthree treatments of feedand four replications. The tested treatments include: (a)Artemiasp.without enriched(b)Artemiaenriched with biofloc, and (c) biofloc without Artemia, and the treatments werefed onblack tiger as well aswhiteleg shrimp post-larvaefor15 days.Theresults showed thesignificant effect ofusingArtemiasp. enriched with biofloc on the growth ofP. monodonandP. vannamei, but notonthe survival rate.However,both parameters weresignificantlyinfluencedforpost-larvaeshrimpata dose of 30 mL biofloc. This servedas a nutritional sourcebyprovidingthe best growthof 14.57 mg and 15 mgat adaily growthand survivalrate of 0.86 mgday-1:98% and 1.4 mgday-1:99%forP. vannameiandP. monodon, respectively