Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Growth pattern of three species of Mullets (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Sombreior River, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Full text linkLength-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factor are importantbiological information to assess the growth pattern and wellbeing of fishspecies influenced by numerous abiotic and biotic factors.To date, no data on the LWRs and condition of mullets in Sombreior River, Niger Delta. Hence,this research was conducted to determine abundance, lengthweight relationship and Fultons condition factor (K) of three species of fish belonging to family Mugilidae in Sombreior River, Nigeria. There were a total of 248 samples from five sampling stations for a period of months. Fish species were of various sizes ranging from 24.660.40 to 26.350.26cm in length and 141.416.30 to 161.565.87g in weight. For the three species, slope (b) values ranged from 2.18 to 2.68 indicating a negative allometric growth of all fish species. The mean condition factor ranged from 0.890.03 forsixMugil cephalusto 0.930.03forParachelon grandisquamiswhile the coefficients of determination (R2) of theLWR regressions ranged between 0.64 (Neochelon falcipinnis) and 0.79 (Parachelon grandisquamis).It was concluded that the mullets in the Sombreior Riverhad a negative allometric growth pattern andthe condition is showing the species were in good state of well-being since mean K values aregreater than 1
A review on the influence of dietary immunobiotics on the performance, intestinal morphology and immune-related gene expression in post-hatched broiler chicks
Full text linkThe use of antibiotics in the broiler industry is continuously increasing for promoting growth performance, improving the edible meat yield, and preventing microbial infections in the chicks. Due to the extreme misuse of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is developing among the broilers and simultaneously to their consumers. Keeping in view these facts current review was planned to understand the effect of different dietary immunobiotics on the performance, intestinal morphology, and immune-related gene expression in post-hatched broiler chicks. The review of the literature indicated that the application of immunobiotics as functional foods and its biological value have been reported by many scientists worldwide. In addition, to develop immunologically functional foods, immunobiotics also help in regulating intestinal immunity. The current review further explored that the immunobiotics regulate intestinal immune homeostasis, cellular and molecular mechanisms. It was also interesting to note that immunobiotics concerning microorganisms stimulate the activation of mucosal immunity in the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissues (GALT). In vitro studies on the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-transfected cells showed that immunobiotics can potentially be used to enhance the immune system in the GALT. Keeping in view reviewed studies on immunobiotics it could be concluded that immunobiotics positively influence the performance, intestinal morphology, and immune-related gene expression in post-hatch chicks. They could be used as the best alternative to antibiotics.Keywords:Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissues; Immune system; Prebiotics; Receptors
A review on several important aspects of the camels
Full text linkThe present study was conducted to gather the information regarding habitat, population, management, production and economic analysis of the camels worldwide. The main findings of review showed camel population around 25.89 million worldwide in almost 47 countries. Majority of camel herders were reported un-educated. Researchers further indicated that camels generally are reared under sedentary (50%), transhumant (25%), nomadic (15%) and household (10%) management systems. Age of camel famers ranges from 25 to 50 years. The female ratio markedly remains higher than males and young ones because the females are generally used for milk production. However the males are mostly used to carry the luggage, carrying load pulling cart etc. It was also stated by scientists that camels are mostly allowed for open grazing of natural vagetations. Breeding is practiced by natural method and the camel spend 20 to 30 minutes for matting. The female camels reach at the puberty age in 3-5 years, while male at 3.5 to 5.5 years. The duration of estrus cycle in camels vary from 16 to 22 days. Breeding period of camels remain between November and March. The average hair production of camels is 1.63 kg, average daily milk production 6.40 liter. Male have carrying capacity of 553 kg. In conclusion the husbandry practices of camel farming worldwide are based on old traditional methods, however the scientific farming rarely exits. There is no extension services available for the herders to motivate, educate and aware them modern management practices. Market infrastructure, as per study review, is not well established. Mostly the camel herder sale out their animals to middlemen due to long market distances
Effect of vitamin E on the quality of egg bonylip barb fish Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Full text linkBonylip barb Osteochilus vittatus isalocal fishspecies of significanteconomic valuewithvastpotential incommercialfreshwater fish culture.Traditionalcultivationmethods are currently employeddependingontheseeds, althougha low hatcheryrate is assumed.The purpose ofthis study, therefore, was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E onthe quality of bonylip barbeggs, with the applied dosage of0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg.Subsequentparameters measured include fecundity,drowned eggpercentage, the chemical composition of eggs, and totalenergyretention. The results showed thatseveralvitamin E dosessignificantly(P0.05)influencedthese aforementioned constraints.Furthermore, the application ofvitamin Eat375 mg/kgrecordedthe best dosage to improveeggquality. In addition, thefecunditywas estimated at23.484 grains, andsink eggpercentage reached92.66%,whileprotein and fat content were21.43mg/kg and 27.88%higher compared to the controlled sample.Therefore, It is concluded thatthe administration ofvitamin Ein the feedtendstoincrease eggquality of bonylip barb fish
Zoonotic potential of gastrointestinal parasite in long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis at Baluran National Park, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia
Full text linkBaluran National Park (BNP)isone of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian national park. In the past decades, excessive feedinghasinduced change in macaque behaviour which increased the number of recorded human-macaque interaction. The close contact between macaque and humans can increase the risk of disease transmissions. This study aimed to identifygastro intestinal (GI)parasiteinthelong-tailed macaque. To provide identification, we adopted morphologic methods. We collected 100faeces fromunidentied individuals ofLong-tailed macaque in BNP.Fecal samples were tested using direct smear and modified sugar floatation techniques. Microscopic examination showed 89% (89/100) samples were found to be positive of GI parasite.The prevalence of protozoa infection was higher (89%) than helminth (83%). The most prevalent GIparasite isTrichostrongylussp(66%) following withEntamoebasp.(53%),Strongyloidessp.(32%),Blastocystissp.(32%),Trichurissp.(17%),Giardiasp.(10%) andEnterobiussp.(3%). All of GI parasite that successfully identified have zoonotic concern. In conclusion, GIparasites found in faeces oflong-tailed macaque at Baluran National Parkpotentially a zoonotic transmission.Keywords :GIParasite;Long tailed Macaque; Baluran National Park;Zoonosi
Blastocystis sp. : Evaluation of polyclonal antibody prepared from crude protein for serological diagnosis using Rabbit serum
Full text linkThe diagnosis of Blastocystis infection is still based on the clinical sign which is not specific and there is no available serologic test for it. This study aimed to evaluate the polyclonal antibody prepared form crude protein of Blastocystis forthedevelopmentoftheBlastocystis serologicaltest. Crude protein was extracted fromtheyeast of Blastocystis sp, then inoculated into rabbitsto produce the antibody of crude protein. The serum of rabbitswould be collected before and after immunization to compare the antibody titer. The profile of crude protein was analyzed using SDS-Page. The rabbit serum was analyzed using ELISA and Western Blot. The SDS-Page result showed bands in 100 kDa, 90 kDa, 70 kDa, 60 kDa, 58 kDa, 50 kDa, 40kDa,35kDa, 30 kDa and 27 kDa. The ELISA assay showed that there was an increase in antibody titer of crude protein after immunization. Western Blot showed that three proteins (30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa) having immunogenicity characteristic. It is concluded that protein 30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa prepared fromthecrude protein of Blastocystis sp. can be used for developing a serologic test for Blastocystis infection.Keywords: Blastocystis sp, Crude Protein, Polyclonal Antibody
A mini review on the Lactic Acidosis in goats and its remedial approaches
Full text linkThe current study was performed in order to investigate the threat of lactic acidosis in goats worldwide and explore the curative strategies. In this regards a detailed review was performed, however obtained facts were found to be much interesting and valuable. It was indicated by researchers that lactic acidosis is the most common problem in goats throughout the worlds. It represents significant economic loss due to direct and indirect effects. It was further stated that goats with lactic acidosis show decreased body temperature up to 98.10.89 F, rumen and intestinal movement 0.230.48/m, rumen pH 4.80.07, blood pH 7.10.08, increased respiration rate 56.147.15/m and heart rate, 136.284.71/m. Affected goats also show signs of dyspnea, anorexia, inactivity, incoordination and recumbancy. The glucose level remains 190.1436.49 mg/dl, total bilirubin 0.750.04 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 0.270.03mg/dl, indirect bilirubin 0.400.03 mg/dl, alanine aminotransferase ALT 36.423.04 U/l and alkaline phosphatase 4203.65 U/l. Furthermore, Glucose level, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, ALT (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase increase with treatment of Cassia Fistula, serum biochemical changes rapidly return to normal compared to treatment with Sodium bicarbonate or Magnesium hydroxide. The ruminal juices changes are also significantly improved with the treatment. The changes in the ingesta color, odor and consistency and rumen pH return to normal with the use of Cassia Fistula, Sodium bicarbonate and Magnesium hydroxide. In conclusion, Cassia fistula,Sodium bicarbonate and Magnesium hydroxide could be used as valuable strategies against lactic acidosis in goats. These therapies have been proved to be effective for treating the acidosis in goats
Are Awaous ocellaris and Belobranchus belobranchus the two species of Nike fish schools ?
Full text linkInvestigating goby fish is vital to perform an integrated and comprehensive study in order to maintain the roles of the fish, thus providing balanced ecosystem functions and services, as well as contributing to fish biodiversity. Local societies simply recognize fish species by their local names, which are not common. This condition, in turn, causes hitches in conducting further studies. Nike, the name of a local fish, refers to the schools of goby fish larvae whose adult phase has not been fully confirmed. This study aimed to reveal the species that categorizes as nike fish through tracing adult goby inhabiting freshwater. Two fish samples, i.e., Unknown 01 and Unknown 02, were taken from two sites in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia. These samples were captured purposively using a hand net by considering the morphological similarity between the two target samples and the general characteristic of goby. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed genetically through the PCR sequencing method using the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Based on the NCBI database, Unknown 01 had the highest similarity toBelobranchus belobranchus(99.54%), while Unknown 02was identical withAwaous ocellaris(100%). Unknown 01 and Unknown 02, compared to the BOLD database, the similarity level, had the highest percentage of similarity withB. belobranchus(99.85%) andA. ocellaris(100%), respectively. Therefore,A. ocellarisandB. belobranchuswere strongly alleged as two species making up the goby schools in the adult stadia that reach freshwater during their migration
Perceptions and practices on antimicrobial use by the farmers of the Chikomba District, Zimbabwe
Full text linkKnowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on antimicrobial use (AMU) of livestock farmers are poorly understood in Zimbabwe despite their essence in combating the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to assess these patterns based on suggested KAP variables. A questionnaire-based survey of (n=60) Small Scale Commercial Farmers (SSCF), (n=60) Large Scale Commercial farmers (LSCF), and (n=60) resettled farmers (A1) was undertaken from January to March 2019. Participants were purposively selected from 10 wards based on willingness to participate in the study. Logistic regression, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were performed in SAS (2003) version 6. Overall AMU practice scores were above 50% despite detecting violation of manufacturer's specifications. AMU was correlated with farmer's knowledge,r(178) = 0.42, p =0.000 and attitude,r(178) = 0.54, p =0.000. Farming scale, type of livestock kept and level of education influenced AMU (P 0.05). Farming scale influenced above 50% of the farmers to change label dosages, withdrawal periods, treatment frequencies, and consult friends on AMU. A similar pattern was noted on the effect of main livestock species kept on changing treatment frequencies and the use of human antibiotics. AMU without prescriptions increased with a decreasing level of education (P = 0.010). Knowledge on AMU was high for LSCF (average 58%), low for A1 (average 33%), and SSCF (average 46%). Attitudes were positive for LSCF (average 67%) and SSCF (average 57%) and negative for A1 (average 49%). We concluded that there is a serious violation of antimicrobial manufacturer's specifications by farmers in the Chikomba district which is associated with poor knowledge and attitudes on prudent ways of AM
Condition factor, heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the muscle of fishes harvested in, and imported into Lagos, Nigeria
No full textFish is an important part of the human diet, are at the top of the aquatic food chain with a high propensity to accumulating contaminants like heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are toxic to humans.The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between condition factor (physiologic wellbeing) of the fishes, PCBs, and heavy metal accumulation.Ten adult fish species three each ofChrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Trachinotus teraia, Liza dumerilli, Tilapia guieensis, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Caranx hippos, Sphyreana barracuda, Arius heudoloti,were acquired at Epe Lagoon. Ten adult fish species three each ofArgentina silus, Gadus chalcogrammus, Gadus morhua, Atlantic mackerel, Micropogonias undulatus, Urophycissp., Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Clupea harengus, Trachurus trachurus,imported into Lagos were purchased. The fish species condition factor was determined. The heavy metals were determined using AAS while PCB level was determined using GC-MS.Iron, mercury, zinc, arsenic, nickel and copper levels correlated positively with the condition factor in the local fishes while in the imported fishes, cadmium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper and lead levels correlated positively to the condition factor. The levels of PCBs in both the local and imported fishes were non-detectable.It is concluded that the lead, copper, arsenic, zinc, mercury and cadmium in both the imported and local fishes were within permissible limits compared with the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits. The positive correlation of some heavy metals to the fishes condition factor infers that these metals might be altering physiologic activities in the fishes.Keywords:Condition factor;Heavy metals;Polychlorinated biphenyl;Fis