Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Principal component analysis of bodyweight and morphometric traits in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Full text linkPrincipal component analyses were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism and the relationship among morphometric traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 153-day old quails (92 males and 61 females) were used in the study. The birds were housed in a wooden cage and fed ad-libitum. Data on body weight, body length, body girth, shank length, drumstick, wing length, keel length and shank length were obtained on a weekly basis using digital scale balance, measuring tape, and vernier caliper for a period of eight weeks. Principal component analysis was performed on the data obtained using the dimension reduction with factor analysis and morphometric traits were also correlated with body weight using SPSS statistical package version 21. Female birds had a significant higher (p0.05) body weight, body girth, drumstick, and wing length value than male counterpart, while no significant difference was observed for body length and shank diameter in both genders. A significant (p0.05) high and positive correlation coefficient was obtained between body weight and other linear measurements in both sexes. For both the male and female birds, one principal component was extracted, which explained 87.79 percent and 91.34 percent of the total variation observed in both species, respectively. . The principal components had its highest loading on keel length for both male and female Japanese quail and correlated highly with all parameters measured. Thus, the keel length could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of Japanese quail
Short communication: Length-weight relationship and condition factor of the nine fish species of bycatch from Northeast Brazilian Coast
Full text linkThe length-weight relationship (LWR) and relative condition factor (Kn) are essential biometric tools in fishery studies. They provide information about the fish's growth, condition, and suitability in its habitat. LWR values were estimated for nine fish (Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Larimus breviceps, Nebris microps, Odontognathus mucronatus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Pellona harroweri, Ointmentsys corvinaeformis, Selene setapinnis, Stellifer rastrifer) captured as bycatch in shrimp trawling from commercial trawls, were collected monthly, between March and November 2019. The coefficient b ranged from 2.7547 to 3.4100 and the Fulton and relative condition factor ranged from 0.39 to 1.38 and 1.00 to 1.02, respectively. The current study would provide baseline data about LWR and the relative condition factor for these species captured in northeast Brazilian coast. These data are valuable for establishing a monitoring and management system for this fish specie
Growth performance and histological response of Clarias gariepinus raised on unprocessed dried leaves of Telfairia occidentalis and Mucuna utilis
Full text linkNutrient utilization is determined by absorbable and digestible nutrients in fish feeds. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of unprocessed dried leaves of Telfairia occidentalis (UDLTO) and Mucuna utilis (UDLMU) on histology and growth of C. gariepinus. Sixteen weeks feeding trial experiment was conducted using two hundred and twenty-five Clarias gariepinus with a mean weight 4.160.09g. Fish meal was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels of UDLMU and UDLTO. Growth parameters and histological examinations were carried out according to standard procedures. Mean Weight Gain (MWG) of 0% (15.8g) was significantly higher P0.05 compared to other treatments. Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of 0% (0.64) varied significantly P0.05 than other levels of inclusions. Kidneys of fish fed 25 and 50% graded levels showed patchy vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubules. Gills of fish fed 75 and 100% graded levels showed diffuse capillaries and moderate congestion of lamellar in the gills. Tissue examinations of fish fed 50, 75 and 100% graded levels exhibited clinical signs of moderate atrophy and vacuolation of hepatocytes and diffuse hepatocellular swelling and degeneration in the liver. Histological investigations revealed fragmentation and atrophy of muscle fibre in fish fed 75% graded level. There was moderate atrophy of villi of the intestine of fish fed 100% graded level. It is apparent that the increased levels of UDLMU and UDLTO could not support good growth as presumed due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors in the leaves.Keywords: Nutrient utilization, Fish meal, Inclusions, standard procedures, Clinical sign
Effects of lactic acid bacteria on phytate and the ensiling properties of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench
Full text linkSorghum bicolor is known for its multiple uses and is grown for human grain and livestock feed.The study aimed at assessing the effects of incorporating Lactic Acid bacteria (LAB) on the ensiling properties of sorghum bicolor and an antinutritional factor (ANF) called phytate. Dry matter, pH, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and phytate were measured as indices of the grain ferment value from January to August. A feed nutrient quality evaluation was conducted with 3 treatments and having 4 replications. The test was conducted using a completely random design. Laboratory analysis of the variables was done on day 6 of the experiment. Results showed that treating sorghum with LAB significantly (P0.05) affected the nitrogen-free extracts, pH, and phytate but did not however affect the dry matter, crude fiber, crude protein, and ash content (P0.05). There was a significant (p0.05) decrease in phytate and nitrogen-free extracts for the LAB-treated sorghum as compared to non-LAB-treated sorghum. Ash content was significantly lower (p0.05) in LAB-treated sorghum and interestingly higher in non-LAB-treated sorghum. The study showed that treating sorghum with LAB significantly reduces phytate levels in feed and has little effect on the nutrient status of the feed.Keywords:Sorghum, Proximate, Phytate, LAB-treate
Genotoxic potentials of some selected heavy metals exposure on Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) using RAPD-PCR technique
Full text linkFish health and the aquatic ecosystem are strongly interwoven and interrelated. The aquatic ecosystem receives a range of anthropogenic chemicals which have toxicological or lethal health effects on the aquatic animals. The aim of this study was to determine the level of induced mutation and genomic stability of different sub-lethal doses (25%, 50% and 75% LC50) of heavy metal [Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb)and Zinc (Zn)] inClarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822) andOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) using RAPD-PCR technology over a period of 21 days. Four highly polymorphic RAPD markers were evaluated on isolated DNA from both heavy metal exposed fishes and control fishes after exposure. Observation of RAPD profiles inC. gariepinusrevealed more damaging effect as sub lethal doses increased with zinc (a + b = 44 bands) mercury (a + b = 41 bands) nickel (a + b = 37 bands) lead (a + b = 35 bands) than with nickel (a + b = 37 bands) zinc (a + b = 34 bands) lead (a + b = 32 bands) mercury (a + b = 31 bands) forO. niloticuswhen compare to the control groups. Although, the genomic stability template decreased sub lethal heavy metal doses, higher stability was observed inO. niloticus(GTSPb = 26.32% GTSHg = 18.42% GTSZn = 10.53% GTSNi = 2.63%) than in C.gariepinus(GTSPb= 5.41% GTSNi= 0.0% GTSHg= -10.81% GTSZn= -18.92%). The results obtained showed differential variation in heavy metal inducedgenetic mutation and genomic stabilty inC. gariepinusandO. niloticus.These observable differences might be due to the physiological structure of the fish species evaluated. This study also confirms that RAPDPCR technology is a useful tools in detecting the genotoxic effect of heavy metals in aquatic organismsbut due to low reproducibility of RAPD results, it is recommended that this technology should be used along with other molecular techniques in fish genotoxicity studies.Keywords:Heavy metals, Induced, Genotoxicity, Fish, RAPD-PCR Techniqu
Pineapple Pomace as Replacement for Wheat Bran in a Practical Extruded Diet for Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
No full textThis study investigated the effects of extruded pineapple pomace diet on growth and apparent digestibility coefficient of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Four dietary extruded treatments of pineapple pomace Control (0%), T1 (10%), T2 (15%) and T3 (20 %) were fed ad libitum to catfish (21.050.04 g) for 60days. The final weight (53.52 - 57.45 g), weight gain (31.98 - 35.88 g) and feed conversion ratio (1.26 1.38) were relatively increased, while treatments up to 15% of pineapple pomace inclusion showed better performance. Fish survival rate (90.32 - 96.78%) showed significant difference. There were no significant differences (P0.05) in carcass composition among different dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein, crude fibre and ash were highest in T2 (15%) and T3 (20%). The results indicated that pineapple pomace flour can be an ingredient in catfish diet for up to 20%.Key words: extruded; growth; apparent digestibility coefficient; carcass; proximate
Intake and growth performance of Brahman and Boran crossbred heifers fed on optimized ash-based vitamin-mineral winter block with bentonitic clay binders
Full text linkThough use of cement as a binder has produced acceptable results in the manufacture of feed block, there are questions on the possiblenegative health effects and high cost associated with the use of building cement in the production of feed blocks. The objective of the study was to compare supplementation effect of cement and bentonite + cement as binders in optimised ash-based winter blocks on feed intake, weekly weight gain and hair characteristics of beef cattle. Sixteen Brahman x Boran crossbred heifers with initial body weight of 250 5kg were allocated to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments based on the binder used in fabricating the optimized ash-based vitamin-mineral winter block were: cement agglutinated block, bentonite + cement agglutinated block, negative control (no supplement), and positive control (commercially available winter block). Animals were penned and fed on Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay constituting 11% crude protein (CP); 8 MJ/kg DM for seventy days (dry season). Feed and supplement blocks were weighed daily animal weights were collected on weekly basis. Hair samples were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. There was no significant difference in voluntary feed intake between bentonite + cement block and the positive control (P0.05). Block intake was significantly higher (P0.05) for the commercially available block (0.700.05kg/head/day) than in the cement agglutinated block (0.440.04 kg/head/day) and the bentonite + cement agglutinated block (0.490.04 kg/head/day). All animals that received supplement block had significantly higher weight gains than those that did not receive supplement (P0.05). There was no significant difference in hair length across all treatments (P0.05). Ash-based winter block agglutinated by a combination of cement and bentonite clay is a viable supplement which helps trim down amount of cement in feed blocks and improve animal performance. Use of the locally produced optimised ash-based vitamin-mineral block for nourishing ruminant animals is highly recommended
Response of broiler chickens Gallus gallus domesticus to dietary supplementation with LAB-treated sorghum seed
Full text linkIn recent years, livestock production has been heavily affected due to the effects of climate change with shortages in feed being recorded. A study was conducted to determine the effect of fermented Sorghum bicolor grain on the growth of broiler chickens. The study aimed to utilize available feed resources without compromising on animal productivity and health. A total of 160 day-old Cobb broiler chicks were used which were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments of 10 birds for each treatment. The treatments were replicated four times. Different levels of ground, LAB-treated sorghum were analyzed on growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, and organ weights. The diets were each formulated as T1, T2, T3, and T4 for 25%, 50%, 75%, and 0% LAB-treated sorghum inclusions respectively. T4 was the control. The remaining percentage was filled with general feed which is the commercially available feed. The results revealed that growth performance and FCR of the broilers on T1 were similar to those of the control diet but interestingly superior (P0.05) to T2 and T3-fed birds. Birds fed on T3 had a low feed intake (p0.05) as compared to other treatment diets. Mortality was depressed (p0.05) in T1 as compared to T2, T3, and T4 respectively but was significantly (p0.05) similar between T4 (control) and T2. Live weight of birds with 25% sorghum inclusion compared favorably with the control (T4) (P0.05) as was the carcass and percentage dressed weights. Internal organ weights (liver, gizzard, and heart) of the 3 treatments (T1, T2, and T4) were significantly (p0.05) lower than that of birds under T2 (50% sorghum inclusion). It was concluded that the inclusion of 25% LAB-treated sorghum in broiler rations brought about a better performance than 0%, 50%, and 75% LAB-treated sorghum inclusion levels
Genotoxicity evaluation of Chlorfenapyr in exposed freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus using micronucleus test
Full text linkChlorfenapyr is a new formulated insecticide targeted against insecticide resistant species. Its application in targeting harmful aquatic insects may potentially contaminate aquatic environment. This study is to evaluate its genotoxic effects on non-targeted aquatic biota. The study assessed the genotoxic potentials of chlorfenapyr in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using the micronucleus (MN) test. Juvenile stage of C. gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations; 5.00 15.00 mgL-1of chlorfenapyr for 96 hours, peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein and examined for micronucleus induction in the erythrocytes. The tested concentrations of chlorfenapyr did not elicit significant [F (5, 18) = 0.167, p 0.971] increase in MN formation and other nuclear abnormalities in the peripheral erythrocytes ofC. gariepinus. The outcome of this study gives credence to the view that chlorfenapyr is not clastogenic and or aneugenic to non-targeted aquatic vertebrate with reference to fish (C. gariepinus)
Performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed autoclaved mango seed kernel diets
Full text linkHuman and livestock population increase has led to escalating prices of energy feed stuffs used in aquaculture. There have been some researches on various inexpensive agro-industrial by-products as substitutes for maize in fish diets with varying degrees of success. This study investigated the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed with autoclaved Mango seed formulated fish diet as a dietary energy source at different inclusion level. 150 Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with mean weight of 10.240.05g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). The fish were acclimated for two weeks and were allotted to five treatments in plastic tanks (26x46x20cm). Each treatment contained 10 fish per tank. The fish were fed experimental diets at T1:0%, T2: 25%, T3: 50%, T4: 75% and T5: 100% Mango Seed Kernel Meal (MSKM) inclusion levels respectively. The highest Mean weight Gain (MWG) and lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded in Treatment 2: 25% (48.934.88); (0.910.07) while the lowest MWG and highest FCR was recorded in Treatment 5: 100% (27.303.99); (1.470.16).Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was lower in Treatment 5: 100% when compared to other treatments. Feed intake followed a decreasing order. The blood samples collected showed that there was significant differences (p0.05) In conclusion, growth performance and haematological activity could be best improved by substituting mango seed kernel meal at 75% with no implication on growth and fish health