Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Susceptibility profile of Zimbabwean livestock fecal Escherichia coli isolates to veterinary antibiotics: Implications for standardization of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in livestock production
Full text linkSusceptibility patterns ofEscherichia colito Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobials (VCIAs) are poorly understood in most developing countries. We determined those patterns onn = 180 livestock fecal isolates from Chikomba district by disk diffusion method. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices for the isolates were determined for risk analysis.Chi-square was used to test how antibiotic susceptibility level associated with animal species and farming scale. Resistance to Tetracycline and Ampicillin was high across animal species (above 70%). Moderate levels of resistance (30% to 54%) to Erythromycin, Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol were detected across livestock species. Resistance levels were low (below 30 %) for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. Resistance to Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftazidime was associated with animal species (P0.05). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were independent of farming scale (P 0.05). Frequencies of isolates within each risk zone depended on animal species (P0.05), contrary to farming systems (P 0.05). Multi-Drug Resistance was 73%, where most isolates were resistant to 5 antibiotics (23%) and none exhibited resistance to all antibiotics. Only 55% ofisolates from cattleand over 80% from pigs and layers were within the high risk zone.Twenty nine of the isolates were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positive. Higher ESBL frequencies (44%) were observed within Large Scale Commercial Farms (LSCF) followed by for Small Scale Commercial Farms (SSCF) (25%) and Resettlement farms (A1) (14%). Similarly, ESBL prevalence varied by livestock species (P 0.05), as follows: pig (39%), layers (32%) and beef (12%). Our study suggests high incidences of multi-drug resistance in livestock which need AMR surveillance strategies.Keywords:Antibiotic resistance, Pigs, Poultry, Beef cattle,Escherichia col
Short Communication: Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor (Kn) of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1973) from coastal waters of southeast coast of India
Full text linkThe present work deals with length-weight relationship (LWRs) and relative condition factor ofSelar crumenophthalmus. Totally 416 individuals of Bigeye scad were resolved for LWRs relationship, with 164 males and 252 females. This study recorded the minimum length of 16.5 cm corresponding to the weight of 29.9 g, and the maximum length of 24.6 cm corresponding to the weight of 179.7 g. The logarithmic exponent b values remained greater than 3 and stated as 3.1 for males, 3.2 for females with correlation coefficient of 0.9415 and 0.9494 respectively at 5% level. The calculated relative condition factor (Kn) fluctuated from 0.89 to 0.98 with mean value of 0.95 0.001 for males and in the range from 0.91 to 1.0 with mean of 0.96 0.0008 for females. The Kn value remains as evident that the Bigeye scad was in healthy condition in the present study
The impact of avian IgY antibodies and probiotics supplementation via drinking water on growth and laying performance of 16-week-old layer pullets
Full text linkAntibiotics raisean issue concerning the development of antibiotic resistance of some pathogenic bacteria.The use of probiotics andAvian IgYin layer pullet farming is a better way of protecting against pathogenic bacteria and increasing production performance.Supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifido bacterium longghum, Bacillus thermophilum) were conducted on 5,724 healthy layer pullets to determine its effect on their growth and laying performance. The supplement was in powder form with a dosage of 100 mg per liter of water for 6 hours. The effect of the supplementation was evaluated by measuring production parameters on growth and laying performance of the layer pullets; there were 3 treatment groups, the control group, Treatment 2 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every week for 9 weeks and Treatment 3 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks. Results showed that the supplementation had significant effects in the age in days when 50% of the total population per treatment laid their first eggs, average number of eggs produced, % Hen day production, % Hen house production, total weight of eggs, and feed conversion efficiency. It also showed that the supplementation is economical and yielded higher profit. On the other hand, the supplementation had no significant effect on the average body weight and mortality count of the layer pullets.The supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics in water soluble powder via drinking water with 5 days initial supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics for the first week; then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks has the greatest effects to increase the production performance and profitability of layers.Keywords: Avian IgY antibodies, Growth performance, Laying performance, Layer pullets, Probiotic
Dietary effects of supplementation of cattle stick Carpolobia lutea leaf on growth and reproductive indices of male and female Clarias gariepinus broodstock
Full text linkMales and femalesbroodstock of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight,884.002.83g) were subjected to dietary supplementation of Cattle Stick (Carpolobia lutea) Leaf (CSL) at different inclusion levels of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% to evaluate the efficacy of the plant for growth performance and fertility enhancer.Clarias gariepinus broodstock (96) were allocated into 12 experimental fibre tanks at 8 fish per tank (4 males and 4 females) fed 40% crude protein at 3% body weight twice daily for 56 days. Each treatment was done in triplicate.Biological evaluation and reproductive indices were measured. There was significant difference (P0.05) in weight gained by fish fed experimental diets.Fish fed experimental diets containing CSL showed significantly higher (P 0.05) reproductive indices compared to the control diet. 0.5% inclusion level of CSL showed better performance in term of growth performance and reproductive indices and may be considered to be the best tolerance inclusion level for growth performance and fertility enhancer. The results of the study indicate that incorporating Cattle stick leaf diets in fish feed at 0.5% may have the potential for growth performance and fertility-enhancing agent in male and female C. gariepinus broodstock.Keywords:Clarias gariepinus,Carpolobia lutealeaf Growth, Reproductive indices, Broodstoc
Blood profiles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed diets supplemented with three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum
Full text linkA 10-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate strain-specific effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on blood profiles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A catfish diet was formulated and divided into five portions (experimental diets). The first portion served as control (with no probiotic added to it, labeled as NP) while the second portion received 2.5g kg-1multi-species commercial probiotics (CP). The third, fourth and fifth portions were the experimental diets that contained 2109cfu/g of L. plantarum strains of ascension numbers LC333558, LC333559and LC333560, and labeled as LP58, LP59 and LP60, respectively. Fifteen apparently healthy C gariepinus fingerlings (4.860.59g) were stocked in an experimental tank of 70 litres capacity, while the experimental feed was fed to the fish in triplicate tanks. Similar rearing conditions were maintained in all experimental tanks. The results showed significant (p0.05) difference between the fish fed control diet and probiotics supplementation diets in some of the haematological parameters examined. Probiotics supplementations did not affect total and differential leukocytes among different experimental groups. Except for RBC counts, fish groups fed with strains LB59 and LB60 had similar effects and appeared to have better haematological values than groups fed with LB58. Strains-specific effect of L. planatrum was also observed in creatinine levels among the experimental groups. Hence, it can be concluded that strains of L. plantarum affected some haematological parameters of C. gariepinus fingerlings positively, while dietary supplementation of L. plantarum LC333559 strain could be employed to improve haematological parameters of C. gariepinus fingerlings
DNA barcoding and morphometric of Rastrelliger spp. in North Maluku Sea, Indonesia
Full text linkHigh exploration activity is feared to have an impact to mackerel populations. A sustainable management approach should be taken to provide information about the status of mackerel populations. Study of mackerel population status can be carried out through genetic information. The DNA of the fish samples were collected at traditional fish markets (Morotai, Bacan and Ternate). Laboratory works such as extraction, amplification, electrophoresis and DNA sequencing were analysis at the Indonesian Biodiversity Laboratory (Bionesia). The molecular characteristics of Rastrelliger kanagurta were 374 base pairs (bp). The composition of nucleotides showed the similarity of frequencies between species. Phylogenetic relationship of R. kanagurta in North Maluku Sea suggested that there was any differentiation. The genetic diversity of R. kanagurta was high with a total number of haplotypes and diverse nucleotide diversity. The minimum spawning networks (MSN) found 5 haplotype networks from a total of 12 samples. Morphological measurements of standard length, head height, body width, pectoral fin length and tail were found to have variable values. The length of the weight of the fish is obtained of b = 3, indicating that the growth pattern was isometric or weight gain was equivalent to the growth of the fish length.Keywords: Biodiversity, conservation, ecology, morphology, specie
Aspects of the biology and preliminary assessment of DNA quality and quantity of two cichlids from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Full text linkAspects of the growth pattern, reproductive biology, and molecular characteristics of two cichlids, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Coptodon zillii were investigated in Lagos Lagoon. A total of twenty-nine individual species were collected from the Lagos Lagoon. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and analysis from 9 specimens of each species. The morphometric data of S. melanotheron varied from 2.5-4.5cm (head length), 13.5-18.0cm (total length) and 35.00-135.00g (body weight), while that of C. zillii were 2.0-4.5cm, 12.0-21.5cm and 39.00-228.00g respectively. The growth pattern of S. melanotheron showed a positive allometric, b= 3.324, while that of C. zillii showed a negative allometric pattern with b= 2.715. The condition factors of S. melanotheron and C. zillii ranged from 4.15-4.55 and 4.12-5.07 respectively. The sex ratio for S. melanotheron was 1: 0.18, while C. zillii had a sex ratio of 1:0.33, and these were statistically significant (p 0.05). From the molecular characterization analysis, the DNA concentration ranged from 48-1265ng/l and DNA purity ranged from 1.49-1.82. These findings form baseline information for conducting further investigations on the taxonomy, ecology, conservation of the genetic purity of these fisheries resources in Lagos Lagoon
Effect of adding onion oil and seeds to local female goose (Anserinea) diet on the levels of antioxidants enzyme and sex hormones
Full text linkThis study wasin the scientific research field for the Babylon Provenceperiod from 3/1/2018 to20/4/2018(105 days)to know the effect of adding different levels of onion oil and seeds to Iraqi local goose rations on some antioxidants and levels of sex hormones,suchas it was used in This study: 75 sexually mature female geese, and at the beginning of the production stage, were divided into five treatments, and for each treatment 15 females divided into three replicates / each replicate had 5 females. The experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment (T1) was a control treatment without any addition, the second treatment (T2) was added to onion seed powder at an amount of 1.5 gm per kg of feed, the third treatment (T3) was added to onion seed powder at an amount of 3 gm per kg of feed, The fourth treatment (T4) was added to onion seed oil at an average of 0.10 ml per kg of feed, while the fifth treatment (T5) was added to it onion seed oil at an average of 0.20 ml per kg of feed and these percentages were added from the beginning of the experiment until the end of the experiment period. Blood was drawn from the experimental birds from the jugular vein weekly for the purpose of measuring the concentrations of MDA, GSH-px,SOD and the level of the hormones Progesterone and Estrogen and then accordingtoan average every three weeks to present the results of the study on the basis offiveperiods of length, each of 21 days, the results of the study indicated a decrease Significant in the oxidative enzyme activity understudy in the addition treatments compared to the control treatment, also the sex hormones took the same curve of significant improvement of the additional treatments compared to the control treatment.Keywords: Antioxidants; Local goose; Onion oil; Onion seeds; Sex hormone
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier, 1819) in River Yobe, Northeast, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier, 1819) in River Yobe, Northeast, Nigeria. A total of 350 fish species were collected from commercial fishermen at four landing sites (Gogaram, Dogona, Bize, Azbak) within the study area between June to November 2020. The morphometric and meristic characteristics examined could be attributedto environmental variations (water temperature, stress, food availability, spawning ground, fishing intensity and sex). Monthly mean condition factor (1.19 1.03) shows significant difference (P 0.05) during the sampling duration while highest mean condition factor was recorded in October (1.38 1.15). Also change in weight of the sampled fish was caused by 77.4% change in length.A linear relationship was establishedwith b value (1.2656) indicating a negative allometric growth pattern while correlation coefficient (r2= 0.7775)indicated that LWR model is reliable. This study bridged literature gap onLWR and condition factor of Hydrocynus forskahlii in River Yobe, hence further research should be encouraged on the water body for sustainable utilization, decision making and policy formulation
Assessment of length-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias (Cuvier, 1816) in River Komadougou, Northeast, Nigeria
Full text linkLength-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias (Cuvier, 1816) was studied between June to November 2020 in River Komadougou, Northeast, Nigeria. A total of 350 fish species were collected from artisanal fishermen at selected landing sites within the study area. The morphometric and meristic characteristics examined varies whereas some meristic features such as pelvic and dorsal fin spine had a constant value of 1 each. Themean condition factor shows no significant difference (P 0.05) throughout the sampling period. A linear relationship was establishedW = -0.82L1.91and significant at P 0.01 with b value indicating a negative allometric growth pattern.The correlation coefficient (r2= 0.7904)indicated that LWR model is reliable. This study provides baselineson length-weight relationship and condition factor of Synodontics omias in River Komadougou, thus further research should be encouraged on the water body for sustainable utilization, decision making and policy formulation