Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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A preliminary study on the preservation of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) oocytes using dry method at different temperature
Full text linkClimbing perchAnabas testudineusis a freshwater fish that has economic value and has been cultivated in Indonesia. However, the fish farmers face problems with high-quality larvae supply because the breeding technology for this species is not well developed. Sperm and oocyte storage technology is important information in fish breeding. Therefore, this research aims to determine the best storage temperature using the dry storage method. Six levels of storage temperatures were tested in this study, namely: 29C (room temperature as a control), 8C, 4C, 0C, -4C, and -8C. The oocytes are stored at the treatment temperature for 120 minutes, where every 30 minutes the quality of the oocytes is analyzed based on fertilization and hatchability parameters. The results showed thatstorage temperature had a significant effect on fertility (P0.05) but had no significant effect on hatchability or the normality of larvae (P0.05). The highest percentage of fertility was obtained in treatment B (8C) at 30 minutes, with a value of 50.33%; this value was significantly different with other treatments. The highest hatchability percentage value was also obtained in treatment B (8C) at 30 minutes, with a value of 12%. This value was significantly different in treatments E (-4C) and F (-8C), but not significantly different with treatments A (29C), C (4C), and D (0C) (P 0.05). The directobservations on the normality of the hatched larvae showed that all larvae had a normal morphology. In general, fertility and hatchability rate decrease with decreasing temperatures. Therefore, it is concluded that climbing perch fish eggs stored using the dry method can only be stored for less than 30 minutes, where the recommended temperature was 8C
Growth pattern and condition index of exploited Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus, 1758) at Kambu River estuary, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkMeretrix meretrixis one of the economical shellfish that has been exploited in Kendari Bay, Indonesia. Several studies have been done, but its growth pattern and condition index are not fully known. This study aims to determine its growth pattern and condition index at the Kambu River estuary, Kendari Bay. This research was conducted for 6 months from August 2021 to January 2022. Clams were collected using a rake, cleaned, and brought to the laboratory to be measured for length and weight using calipers and scales with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and 0.01g, respectively. Furthermore, the clam meat was dried using an oven and weighed. Data on growth and condition index were analyzed using simple regression and the Mann-Whitney test, respectively. The results showed that the growth of M. meretrix was in negative allometric conditions, with b values in males and females in the range of 2.20-3.00 and 1.86-2.73, respectively. The condition index of male and female clam ranged from 1.86-2.62 and 1.66-2.41, respectively, and differed significantly by month. The results of the Mann-Whitney test on clam showed that there was no significant difference between August-November and December-January. In conclusion, male and female clam had relatively different patterns based on the observation period, while the condition index was in the skinny and medium categor
Effect of Centella asiatica as feed additive on blood profile, egg quality and gut microbial contents of ISA brown laying birds
Full text linkThe use of medicinal plants is gaining popularity all over the world; hence there is a need to exploit various plants that could be of economic importance to animal. This study was conducted to investigate the utilization ofCentella asiaticaleaf meal (CALM) as feed additive in layers production. The study was carried out in two phases, the grower phase and layer phase. A total number of 150 birds were used at 10 birds per replicate of 3 replicates per treatments of a total of 5 treatments. The diets contained CALM at five levels of inclusion 0.0 % (control), 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% at grower and layer phases. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design layout. Hence, CALM showed potentials of being natural growth promoting additive. CALM used as additive at 0.2-0.8% inclusion level significantly increased (p0.05) final live weight, weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio at grower and layer phases. 0.6% inclusion of CALM increased packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) and 0.8% inclusion of CALM increased red blood cell (RBC) values at grower phase.At layer phase, 0.6% inclusion of CALM significantly increased (p0.05) PCV and RBC while 0.8% CALM significantly increased (p0.05) haemoglobin (Hb) value but there was significant reduction (p0.05) in total bacteria count (TBC) at the caecum and ileum of birds at grower and layer phases respectively.0.8% CALM inclusion resulted in significantly highest (p0.05) weight of eggs, hen day egg production at 4th, 8th and 12th week in lay. 0.6% inclusion of CALM significantly improved (p0.05) egg weight and yolk weight score at 12th weeks in lay. It can be concluded that the inclusion of CALM in the diets of Isa Brown birds, resulted in better blood profile, haematological and serum biochemical parameters, gut microbial population, egg production and quality of laying hen
Effect of Water Hyacinth Leaf Flour (Eichhornia crassipes) Fermented by Aspergillus niger on the Growth, Survival Rate and Blood Profile of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
No full textCatfish sangkuriang(Clarias gariepinus)is one of the aquaculture commodities with great potential to be developed in Indonesia to support the demand for feed. Efforts to reduce dependence on imported feed raw materials for fish feed is continued. Water hyacinth(Eichhornia crasspies)leaf which contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins,steroids and saponins is an alternatif raw material for fish pellet component. This study aimed to determine the addition of fermented water hyacinthleaf meal in fish feed on the growth, survival rate, and blood profile of sangkuriang catfish. In total 150 fish (Average initial weight 5.45 0.02 g)were randomly divided into triplicates of five groups, containing 10 fishes per group. Group one is a control group, P1 (10% of non fermented water hyacinth leaf meal), while P2, P3 and P4were treatment groups of fish fed with 10 , 15, and 20% fermented water hyacinth leaf meal byAspergillus niger. At the end of the 42 days of treatment, growth, survival rate, and blood profile of all fish were determined. The results showed that the addition of 10% water hyacinth leaf meal fermented byAspergillus nigerhad an effect on the growth of final weight, body weight gain and spesific growth rate (p 0.05) in comparison to all groups. However, the addition of any concentration of water hyacinth leaf meal did not affect on the feed conversion ratio and survival rate value. Further, the addition of water hyacinth leaf meal had a significant effect (p 0.05) on the erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin of fish, but did not show a significant effect on the values of hematocrit and platelets
Short communication: Length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship and condition factor of two grey mullets from Lagos Lagoon
Full text linkThere is a growing interest in examining of economically important fish species with excellent mariculture potentials in lagoons of coastal states. Members of the family Mugilidae, which are permanent residents in Lagos Lagoon form a mainstay of fish protein source and are potential candidates for such investigations. Length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factor and molecular characteristics of two grey mullets, Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinniswere investigated in Lagos Lagoon. A total of 52 samples (26 specimens of each species) of the fish were collected from the Lagos Lagoon. The standard length ranged from 10.0 19.2 cm and 12.0 18.2 cm for M. cephalus and L. falcipinnis respectively, with corresponding weights of 13.90 105.00 g and 36.00-129.00 g respectively. The growth pattern of the species showed negative allometric, b = 0.32 and 0.65 respectively. The condition factors were 1.81 and 2.16 respectively and this meant both species were in good condition
Fiber and ash content of fermented palm oil fronds using liquid organic supplements as potential feed ingredients for ruminant
Full text linkInadequate feed causes low productivity of livestock, which is indicated by a slow rate of development and low body weight. Alternative non-conventional feed ingredients derived from oil palm waste have shown the potential to be used as livestock feed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fiber and ash content of palm fronds fermented with liquid organic supplements. The waste raw material was obtained after grinding the palm fronds and followed by a fermentation process using liquid organic supplements. This process was continued with fiber and ash analysis at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. A complete randomized design was employed with four treatments using liquid organic supplements at levels of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with four replications. The measured parameters were water content, crude fiber, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The results showed that the addition of liquid organic supplements had no significant effect (P0.05) on the levels of crude fiber, ash, NFE, and water content. Among all treatments, the results were observed in the P3 treatment (8%) which had the lowest crude fiber content and ash content, namely 22 0.589 and 3.72 0.112, as well as had the highest NFE and water content of 78.15 0.501 and 57.9 0.304, respectively. This indicated that the use of liquid organic supplements had the potential to improve the quality of oil palm midrib fiber and positivelyimpactanimalfeed
Correlation and determination of the Metabolizable Energy (ME) of tropical forage with nutrient content for ruminants
Full text linkThe metabolizable energy (ME) of tropical forages measured by in vivo method in ruminants had a high degree of accuracy but requires a long time and is expensive. One method that can be done is the ME estimation model. The objectives of the present study were carried out to investigate the relationship between tropical forage nutrient content and ME for ruminants as well as determine and validate a model for estimating ME of tropical forage based on nutrient content. A total of 26 forage samples consisting of 14 types of grass and 12 legumes were obtained after data pre-processing or data cleaning and data normalization. Forage samples will be grouped into 3, Grass + Legume (G+L=26), grass (R=14), and legume (L=12). The database used is Crude Protein (CP), Extract Ether (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose as well as ME with in vivo experiments. The initial stage is preprocessing data. Nutrient content and ME were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and followed by multiple linear regression to determine the ME estimation model. However, validated used the mean absolute deviation (MAD), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results showed that there was a significant and highly significantly correlated between nutrient composition and ME in the Grass + Legume, Grass, and Legume groups so it could be used to determine ME. There are 9 regression equations with significance and have high R2and after being validated with the lowest MAD, RMSE, and MAPE values, three regression equations are obtained with one each for each group Grass + Legume (G+L), Grass (R), and Legumes (L). It is concluded that the regression equation of ME of tropical forage is MER+L= 12.429 0.122 ADF for Grass + Legume, EMR= 15.609 0.115 NDF for Grass, and EML= 3.726 0.186 CP for Legume
Haematological effect of chlorfenapyr-exposed freshwater African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Full text linkThe effects of chlorfenapyr pesticide were investigated on juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. Sub-lethal test was carried out using 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 mgL-1of chlorfenapyr pesticide for 96 hours, and peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein and examined for haematological changes. There was significant reduction (P0.05) in WBC when compared to the control. RBC increase was directly proportional to increase in chlorfenapyr dose and significantly differed from control (p0.05). HGB increased in a dose-dependent manner. MCV values of all treatment groups, except 15 mgL-1, were higher when compared to control. MCH was not significantly different from control. PLT decreased with increase in concentration and was lower for all treatment when compared with control. Results obtained in this study suggest that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorfenapyr can alter the haematological indices of non-target organisms
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among pigs
Full text linkGrowing evidence of resistance ofStaphylococcus aureusto methicillin (MRSA) is worrying. Domestic pigs are potential asymptomatic carriers ofS.aureus, including strains resistant to methicillin, which poses a serious threat to meat consumers.This study was therefore aimed at assessing the prevalence ofmethicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) in nasal swaps of selected pigs.This study investigated one hundred and fifty (150) nasal swabs of pigs from fifteen (15) selected pig farms (PGF) within Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, to assess their levels of exposure toS. aureusandMRSA carriage. Isolation, characterization, and identification of S. aureus and MRSA were done using Mannitol Salt Agar (Oxoid, UK) and Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with 4g/ml oxacillin, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were done using disc diffusion protocols, while presence of MRSA mecA genes was characterised using PCR.Thirty percent (30 %) of 150analyzed swabs were positive forS.aureus, of which 13 (28.9 %) contained MRSA. MRSA were found in nasal swabs of animals from 9different farms. All 13(100%) MRSA isolates contained the mecA gene and were resistant to penicillin, 5 (38.5 %) were resistant to vancomycin and were characterized by multidrug resistance. The results of this study show that 38.5 % of examined pigs were infected with MRSA posing a serious threat to humans.These findings highlight the significant threat posed by MRSA in pigs, raising concerns for human health and emphasizing the importance of effective surveillance and control measures in livestock production to mitigate the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogens to consumers. Therefore, it was concluded that the MRSA was detected in pig from 9 different farms, indicating a widespread distribution
Diet modulates host health through gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles: A short review
Full text linkGut microbes areinvolvedwithmany host physiological processes including digestion, metabolism, immune response, gut function and behavior. Among all the factors, diet is being considered the most important one to modulate gut microbiota composition, metabolism and their metabolites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted to the intestinal environment by gut microbes and play an essential role in gut microbe-host communication. This paper aims to review how diet affects gut microbial EVs and its composition as well as how this change further affects host health. This review summarizes the latest research progress of interaction among diet, gut microbial EVs, and host health. Through the microbiota-gut axis, gut microbial EVs involve in many physiological activities, including brain function, metabolism, gut function and immune response. It has been verified that diet composition has direct changes on gut microbial morphology and internal molecules within gut microbial EVs. Overall, studies investigating the effects of diet through gut microbial EVs on host health are very limited. Future research regarding axis of diet-gut microbial EVs-host health is recommended