Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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The characteristics of gelatin from fish waste: A review
Full text linkGelatin is a commonly used ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It is obtained through the hydrolysis process of collagen, the main protein found in animal connective tissues.Fish waste such as skin and bone are a promising source for gelatin, however the characteristics of gelatin can vary depending on its source.The purpose of this review is to compare the characteristics of gelatin from fish skin and bones, such as yield, gel strength, and viscosity. The research findings indicate significant differences in the characteristics of gelatin from different types of fish skin and bones. In this study, it was found that gelatin with the best characteristics was derived from the skin of mackerel fish, with a yield of 5.90%, viscosity of 7 cP, and gel strength of 328.57 g bloom. Meanwhile, gelatin from the bones of tilapia fish had a yield of 8.10%, viscosity of 5.85 cP, and gel strength of 376.21 g bloom.It was concluded that gelatin from various types of fish skin and bones had different characteristics, so the specific purpose of using the obtained gelatin had to be considered
Contribution of feed supplementation to zootechnic performance of African dwarf sheep in West Africa: A review
Full text linkLike gasoline is essential for a combustion engine,feed is indispensable for animals. Besides the main feed, a supplemental diet is essential, even indispensable, to help animals reach optimal production in the ruminant feeding and nutrition system. The main objective of this review was to summarize the research performed across the West Africa area on diet supplementation for African dwarf sheep. By examining some scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021, identified mainly from Scilit, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Nature, PubMed, AJOL, and Scirp, we identified more than 43 feed supplements made from more than 96 local ingredients grouped into 54 agricultural and industrial by-products, seven minerals and vitamins, four fodders, and four binders and other ingredients such as enzymes. The nutritional content of most of those feed supplements based on their crude protein, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy contents meet recommended standards of NRC. The digestibility of the nutritional component of the feed supplement fluctuates from 20.90% (organic matter) to 94.85% (ether extract). They enabled a good average daily gain (37.03 g to 100 ga good feed conversion ratio (4.62 to 13.73). The review shows that it is possible to achieve acceptable zootechnical performance using feed supplements made with local ingredients available in each West African country
Length-weight relationships and condition index of Pokea clams (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkThe length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River are not fully known. This study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted 10 months from May 2016 to February 2017 in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams are collected using a shovel. The length and weight of each clam was using calipers and analytical scales with accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The weight of the shell and dried meat was obtained by drying the shells first using an oven and weighing using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g and 0.0001 g, respectively. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight of pokea clams in males and females were 2.61 and 2.78, respectively; with R2values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The highest b values for males and females were found in July with values of 3.03 and 2.94, respectively. The lowest b value was found in November with values of 2.45 and 2.46, respectively. The condition index values for males and females were 4.7 2.2 and 5.17 2.32, respectively. The highest condition index was found in May with values of 6.00 3.07 and 7.83 2.55, respectively. The condition index values for males and females increased with increasing shell size. Male and female at the largest size (6.01-6.05 cm) had the highest index with values of 8.05 6.41 and 9.12 3.38, respectively. In conclusions, the growth was negative allometric pattern, condition index was in fat category, and had peak spawning in July and experienced partial spawning in September-February
Bioremediation of shrimp pond wastewater using effective microorganism-4 (EM4)
Full text linkThe problems of shrimp farming with semi-intensive systems are leftover feed, organic matter, and toxic compounds that can reduce water quality. Shrimp pond wastewater treatment can be done through several technologies, such as chemical, physical, and biological treatment. One of biological treatment that widely used for wastewater treatment is bioremediation. Bioremediation is a biological process that utilizes microorganisms to decompose waste in aquaculture ponds into compounds that are not harmful to aquatic biota. Therefore, this researchaims to determine the effect of effective microorganism-4 (EM4) in reducing ammonia compounds and BOD levels in shrimp pond wastewater. The research method used is a laboratory-scale experimental method. A total of6aquariums were used for 3 different treatments with two replications, control, adding EM4 2.5% and EM4 3% into 5 L of wastewater. Thewater quality parameters observed were dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, ammonia, and BOD. Theone-wayANOVA test was used in this study. The results showed that there was a decrease in ammonia and BOD levels. The highest reduction of ammonia was found in the treatment with the addition of EM4 2.5%.The decrease in BOD with the highest effectiveness was found in the control treatment (37.73%)with the initial BOD value 5.3to3.3. mg/l, which fulfilled the allowed maximum level ofstandard of Ministerial Decree No. KKP. KEP.28/MEN/2004 concerning General Guidelines for Shrimp Cultivation in Ponds. In conclusion, the small dosage addition of EM4 did not have a significant effect on decreasing levels of ammonia and BOD
Short communications: Effect of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L. var Blitumbrum) extract in the diet on color brightnes of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata)
Full text linkFish color brightness is influenced by food intake, but no prior reviews have explored the use of red spinach extract in fish feed to enhance color brightness and promote growth in guppy (Poeciliareticulata). Therefore, this study aims to determine the suitable concentration of red spinach extractAmaranthustricolorcolor brightness, growth, and survival of guppy. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with three concentrations of red spinach extract (3%, 4%, and 5%) replicated three times at the UPTD Fish Breeding Center in North Binjai Regency, North Sumatra Province. Furthermore, red spinach extract was mixed withthecommercial diet containing 41% crude protein and administered to fish at a rate of 3% of their body weight daily for 40 days. The results showed a significant effect of red spinach extract doses on guppy color brightness (P0.05), but no significant influence on weight gain and fish survival (P0.05). It was also discovered that the average color increase was 2,652 in feed mixed with 5% red spinach extract. Similarly, the highest fish weight gain was observed at the 5% concentration, which did not significantly differ from the other concentrations. Fish survival rates were high, with no significant differences among the treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the optimal concentration of red spinach extract for enhancing guppy color brightness was 5
Assessment of heavy metals in water, fish tissues and soil from selected fish farms in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Full text linkHeavy metals were determined in samples of fish tissues, soil, and water from nine randomly selected fish farms based on production facility (earthen pond) in the Ekiti Central (EC), Ekiti North (EN) and Ekiti South (ES) senatorial districts of Ekiti state. Fresh fish samples were collected and tissues from the dorsal area were used for analysis. Soil samples were collected using a soil auger, air-dried and stored in a sterile and well-labeled polythene bag. The water samples were collected using sterile bottles (2L) and labeled. After digestion of samples, Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Co), Chromium (Ch), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The levels of Co, Cd and Pb which are disastrous to fish species were observed to be elevated while Zn and Cu were observed to accumulate in the fish tissues. It was revealed that the heavy metals concentration across the districts was higher when compared with recommended standards. This suggests a dire need for intervention in controlling water pollution which is posed by anthropogenic activities in the state. It is recommended that there should be a reduction in the use of chemicals with high concentrations of heavy metals which is a significant source of pollution in the environment
Productivity of comet goldfish (Carassius auratus) cultured in aquaponics system using fine bubbles (FBs)
Full text linkWater quality is an important factor in the process of fish farming. This study aims to determine the application of FBs pressure that can increase the productivity of comet goldfish farming in an aquaponic system. The research was carried out from January to March 2022 at the Ciparanje Green House, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was the application of FBs pressure of 0 atm (A), 5.25 atm (B), 5.5 atm (C), and 5.75 atm (D). Maintenance of test fish for 30 days with ad satiation feeding. Observation of fish growth through sampling is done by taking fish 10% of the total population randomly in each pond. Data were analyzed using the F test at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test with a 95% confidence level, while water quality data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the specific daily growth rate of FBs 5.75 was 2.51%, the absolute length growth was 3.33%, the absolute weight growth was 1.70 grams and the fish survival rate was 99.3%. It was concluded thatthe use of FBs in the aquaponic system can increase production of the system
Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tuber waste as feed for poultry production: An alternative kitchen garbage waste management
Full text linkHigh cost of feedstuff especially maize and its major contribution of energy source between man and livestock. The study assessed the effect of yam tuber waste meal on broiler bird performance and as an alternative kitchen garbage waste. Specific objectives determined the growth performances, carcass parameters and cost benefits. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 220day old broiler chicks (mixed sexes) of Agric-tech were selected for the study. The diets consist of Diet 1 = 44% maize and 0% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 2 = 32% maize and 12% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 3 = 22% maize and 22% yam tuber waste meal and Diet 4 = 12% maize and 32% yam tuber waste meal, where palm kernel cake, wheat offal, soybean meal, local fish meal, limestone, vitamin premix, lysine, methionine and salt were used to balance the diets. The feed intake was measured daily, while the weight gain, feed efficiency, efficiency of feed utilization, cost benefits and feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of the study. The result of the weight gain, the efficiency of feed utilization, feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain had the same significance level (p0.05) on Diets 3 and 4, respectively, higher than those fed to the other Diets. While the total feed intake and cost benefits analysis showed significance (p0.05) among each other, the average daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not significant (p0.05) among treatments. The dress percentage, dress weight and liveweight were significant (p0.05) across the treatments. Conclusively, using yam tuber waste meal in replacement for maize in broiler diets revealed no adverse effect; and could serve as an alternative for kitchen garbage waste. The study, therefore, recommends that; yam tuber waste meal be included at 22 32% in broiler diets without deleterious effects in all parameters studied
Short communication: Greater crested tern Thalasseus bergii population on the South Coast of Getem, Jember, Indonesia
Full text linkGreater crested tern (Thalasseus bergii) is a common resident seabirds in Indonesia. Habitat beach and rest on the shore with other groups of terns. This study aimed to determine the population of Greater crested tern on the southern coast of Getem Jember.Determination of observation points using a purposive sampling method. Data collection uses the encounter rates method.Bird watching in the morning from 06.00-08.00 and afternoon from 15.30-17.30. Recording data on species, number of birds, and other supporting data. Identify using relevant bird feathers. Analysis of bird species' density index data.Using monocular binoculars, camera, and global positioning system support tools. The survey of four sites revealed 413 individuals of great-crested tern. Analysis of individual density at the mouth of the river 60 individuals/Ha. It was concluded that the River mouth is the most excellent location for greater crested ternThalasseus bergii
Growth performance, haematological and biochemical responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed graded levels of groundnut cake
Full text linkThe assessment of the effect of replacing fish meal with groundnut cake in the diet of Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticuswas carried out in a twelve-week feeding trial. The objective of the study was to determine the appropriate level of groundnut cake inclusion in fish feed diet. Ten Nile tilapia fingerlings with mean weight of 7.550.50g were stocked in experimental tanks in triplicate. Varying levels of groundnut cake were incorporated in the experimental diets formulated; the control diet, Diet 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 having 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% inclusion level respectively. The experimental diet five exhibited the highest mean weight gain (8.001.68) and specific growth rate. But recorded the least significant feed conversion ratio (4.011.10). The diet also recorded the best protein efficiency ratio (1.370.30). There was significant difference observed in the growth performance, haematological values and biochemical values in fish fed with groundnut cake compared to the control diet. A reduction in the cholesterol (1.660.13) and Albumin (40.201.10) values were observed in fish fed groundnut cake based diet compared with the fish fed with the control diet having cholesterol and albumin values to be1.830.07 and40.601.60 respectively. It was observed that the use of groundnut cake in fish feed forO. niloticusenhances the growth of the fish. The 100% substitution shows highest weight gain, low FCR and low level of cholesterol.In conclusion, 80% partial replacement of fish meal in fish feed with groundnut cake should be encouraged