Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Cashew Apple: Nutritional Composition, Nutritive Value and Potentials as Commercial Feedstuff for Livestock
Full text linkCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple is an underutilized false fruit that accompanies the cashew nut. This review critically examines the nutrient composition, nutritive value, and potential of cashew apple as commercial feedstuff for livestock. It encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the various constituents present in cashew apple, including macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemical factors. By synthesizing information from a wide range of studies, this review highlights the considerable variations in the nutrient content of cashew apple and establishes various nutritive values for different livestock. Furthermore, this review suggests the need for further research to explore the full spectrum of health-promoting attributes and potential applications of cashew apple-derived components. Overall, this comprehensive assessment of the nutrient composition of cashew apple provides valuable insights for researchers, nutritionists, and food industry professionals seeking to unlock the nutritional potential of this often overlooked fruit
Amino acid profiles and growth performance of spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus fed on combination of three mollusk meals
Full text linkSpiny lobster is an economically important marine fish commodity that has a high price and one of the important protein source for people worldwide. The quality of the protein is strongly depending on the amino acid compositions and concentrations. This study aimed to determine of amino acid profiles and growth of spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) fed with the diet contained combination of three mollusk meal. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain of 40% fish meal,FM (Diet A), 15% telescopium meal, + 15% gold snail meal + 10% scallops meal (Diet B), 15% telescopium meal + 10% gold snail meal + 15% scallops meal (Diet C), 10% telescopium meal + 15% gold snail meal + 15% scallops meal (Diet D) in the test diet. A total of 36 spiny lobster juvenile (initial weight : 120 15,38 g) were distributed into twelve plastic tanks (three lobster/ tank ) with sized of 605050 cm. Feeding the lobster two times a day (08.00 a.m and 05.00 p.m) in dosage of 8% total biomass weight for 60 days of rearing period. The experiment was designed by using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Collecting data included of weight gain, survival rate, and amino acid content in the fish body. The results showed that feeding the lobster with different feed test was significantly different in weight gain of spiny lobster. The weight gain of spiny lobster fed with combination of mollusk meal had higher than the feed contain fish meal. The highest amount level of amino acid in the lobster body was leucine , while the lowest one was tryptophan. The types and total number of some amino acid profiles in the fish body was similarly with amino acid profile in the diets which contained mollusk meal. This study concluded that the amino acid profiles in the diet contained mollusk meal were suitable for requirement to improve the growth of spiny lobster
Inventory and ecology of avifauna in Universitas Andalas campus complex, Indonesia
Full text linkUniversitas Andalas campus is located at Payakumbuh region, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This campus is surroundedby forest and settlement. This study aimed to determine species inventory and its ecological condition in Andalas University campus complex (UACC), Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra. It had been conducted between October 2022 and January 2023, where the survey was carried out at three zonation in UACC based on its level of anthropogenic interference; campus entrance with the heaviest disruption (campus boulevard), main campus, and forest-edge that bordered with the eastern side of campus. Point count method was applied along ten observing points which approximately 100 m distance from one to another; the forest-edge were surveyed with only five points. Species and individual numbers were recorded within maximum 100 m radius from center of each point for ten minutes. The data was then analyzed for its diversity, similarity across sites and typical species per survey site. The study recorded 38 bird species with total 418 individuals; they belong to 20 families and 7 orders. The overall bird diversity in UACC was moderate (H = 2.9), with the lowest was observed at the campus boulevard (H = 2.1) followed by forest-edge (H = 2.2) and the highest was at lecturing complex (H = 2.6). The similarity among sites was low to moderate (21.7% J 52%) which suggested some species are typical to their respective habitat site. The forest-edge site has the most typical species (n = 14) among other habitats.This study also hinted the possibility of the occurrence of mixed-flock bird species event at the main campus habitat between yellow-vented bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier and Coppersmith barbet Psilopogon haemacephala along with some other participants
Effect of diets containing raw and processed pigeon pea seed meal supplemented with enzyme on external and internal egg quality characteristics of laying quails Coturnix coturnix japonica
Full text linkThree hundred and sixty, six-week old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) hens were used to evaluate the effect of processed pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM) supplemented with enzyme (Vegpro) on egg quality characteristics of laying birds. The processing methods were soaking (24, 48 and 72 hours), fermentation (72 hours), boiling (60 minutes) and roasting (30 minutes). The birds were divided into eight groups of 45 per treatment each replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Eight experimental diets were formulated containing processed PPSM at 30 % of diet representing T1 (control), T2 (raw PPSM), T3 (soaked PPSM for 24 hours), T4 (soaked PPSM for 48 hours), T5 (soaked PPSM for 72 hours), T6 (soaked PPSM for 24 hours and fermented for 72 hours), T7 (boiling for 60 minutes) and T8 (roasted PPSM for 30 minutes) respectively. The experiment lasted for 20 weeks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results showed that enzyme supplementation of diets containing raw and processed PPSM had no significant (p0.05) effect on egg weight, egg height, egg diameter, egg shape index, egg shell thickness as well as albumen height, albumen diameter, albumen weight, yolk diameter, yolk weight, yolk index and haugh unit across the dietary treatments as these parameters were statistically similar. It was concluded that enzyme supplementation of raw and processed PPSM based diets had no significant effect on the egg quality characteristics of laying quail
Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in imported marine fish species consumed in Ogun state, Nigeria
Full text linkFish is an affordable protein source in developing countries such as Nigeria, however, human activities like mining, agriculture, and industrial discharges negatively impact these aquatic resources and their environment. Heavy metals leach into the ocean and accumulate in fish, potentially causing health issues for those who consume them. The present study evaluated the heavy metal concentrations in five commercially important and highly consumed fish species (Clupea pallasii,Merluccius productus,Gadus chalcogrammus, Scomber scombrus,Trachurus murphyi) in Nigeria. The study was conducted between August 2021 to January 2022, and Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd levels were sampled in a total of 50 fish using the AA 240 Fanst Sequential Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and expressed as mg/kg wet weight. Among the heavy metals estimated in all fish samples, Mn was the most prevalent, while Zn was relatively the lowest. Pb (6.39 mg/kg), Cd (1.39 mg/kg), and Fe (5.59 mg/kg) concentrations exceeded the FAO and WHO regulatory limits and may be deleterious to human health. Therefore, while essential as a protein source, the presence of heavy metals exceeding recommended limits in these commonly consumed imported fish species raises public health concerns. This study emphasizes the crucial need for stricter regulations and consistent monitoring of imported fish to guarantee their safety and consumer well-being in Nigeria
Waste Water Reduction Using Four Densities of Seaweed to Improve Water Quality for White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus white leg) Culture: Laboratory Scale
Full text linkThe low environmental quality of pond water is caused, among other things, by the large amount of organic waste and nutrients (feed components) in pond water outflow. The remaining feed and feces (feces) decompose in pond water before being dumped into the nearby rivers, resulting in the discharge of high levels of nutrients and organic waste. One method for enhancing the effluent quality from aquaculture is a biofilter. In order to reduce and absorb dissolved organic contaminants, biofilters are used. It is possible to employ Gracilaria sp. as a biofilter, which is an efficient technique to increase sanitation. The study' goals were to determine how well Gracilaria sp. developed and how well seaweed absorbed N and P elements from vaname shrimp culture waste, specifically ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3). Three different treatments for the weights of the seaweed were employed in the study: 50, 75, and 100 grams. The analysis showed that the 100 g of Gracilaria sp. was very effective in absorbing N and P waste. It was discovered that N and P component absorption was, respectively, 75.10% and 75.15% effective
The effect of -carotene supplementation above requirement on the production and reproduction performance of female sheep and goats - A mini review
Full text linkThe high rate of metabolic activity during breeding, pregnancy, parturition and lactation may lead to oxidative stress in sheep and goats. Antioxidant supplementation is proposed as a therapy for encountering resultant stress. In animals, -carotene functions mainly as pro-vitamin A and as a scavenger of free radicals, especially against singlet-state oxygen. This raises the question of whether supplementing -carotene as an antioxidant above the vitamin A requirement is beneficial. While a number of studies have been conducted on the effect of -carotene supplementation as a tool to improve the production and reproduction performance of female goats and sheep, the findings are inconsistent. Some of the main reasons for this inconsistency could be attributed to the variation in the amount of -carotene supplemented, the amount of -carotene in the animal diet and the difference in the animal requirement for -carotene. The objective of this review was to determine the effects of -carotene supplementation on the production and reproductive performance of female sheep and goats fed on a diet deficient or not deficient in -carotene. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles that were searched in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Thirteen peer-reviewed published articles were found on the subject under review. We estimated the animal requirement for -carotene, the amount of -carotene provided to the animal in the diet and the amount of -carotene supplementation used in each study. These estimations were made to indicate whether the diet fulfilled the animal's requirement for -carotene or not. The review revealed that -carotene supplementation enhances the production and reproduction performance of the sheep when fed on a carotene-deficient diet. Additionally, -carotene supplementation may increase the levels of some hormones such as progesterone in sheep and goats when fed on a diet that fulfils their requirements of -carotene. However, the supplementation of -carotene above the requirements seems to not affect the production and reproduction parameters such as body weight, milk production, estrus parameters, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and litter size.In conclusion, while -carotene supplementation is essential for female sheep and goats fed -carotene-deficient diets to attain optimal production and reproductive performance, supplementing -caroteneabovethe requirements does not appear to provide any further benefits to their overall performance
Length- weight relationship, condition factor and sex ratio of Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in the lower section of Osun River, Nigeria
No full textOsun River is a major river in the Ogun-Osun River Basin and contributes significantly to fish production and quality source of protein. It is therefore essential to investigate the condition and characteristics of the most abundant fish species in the river. This aim was achieved by investigating the Morphometric parameters, sex ratio, and condition factor of Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in the lower section of the river; because these fish species were the most abundant and economically important. Monofilament gillnets were used for fish sampling for twelve months to cover both wet and dry seasons (November 2017 to October 2018). A total of 1597 individuals of both species were collected comprising 40.13% O. niloticus samples and 59.87% samples of C. nigrodigitatus. The correlation coefficient (r) for O. niloticus and C. nigrodigitatus were 0.78 and 0.89 which indicated a high and very high relationship respectively. O. niloticus showed a significant negative allometric growth pattern (b = 2.315) while C. nigrodigitatus showed a growth pattern that was significant and positively allometric (b = 3.102). The mean condition factor (K) was 2.8 for O. niloticus and 1.9 for C. nigrodigitatus. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.5:1 for O. niloticus and 1.2:1 for C. nigrodigitatus. It can be said that both fish species responded well in the river and it is therefore essential to maintain optimal environmental factors for the sustainability of these fish species in the river
Increasing fish production through adoption of improved technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria
Full text linkTechnology is one of the crucial factor influences the aquaculture production; hence it is essential to encouragefish farmers to embrace modern methods of fish production by utilizing improved fisheries and aquaculture technologies This study assessed the factors that influence adoption of improved fish production technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey design and data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to 150 fish farmers by adopting multistage sampling procedure. It was observed that majority of the respondents were male, married, literate and made use of family labor. The study also found that fish enclosure technologies, neutralizers/fertilizers, and fish stock selectivity/harvesting gear systems were distributed among fish farmers in the study area, with earthen fish ponds being the most widely adopted technology. Furthermore, the study revealed that fish farmers generally had positive attitudes towards the use of improved technologies. The study also found that high production costs were the most significant constraint to the adoption of improved technologies, followed by inadequate contact with extension agents and non-availability of input. The study conclude that the adoption of improved fish production technologies could increase fish production in Ogun State, Nigeria, but there is a need for interventions to address the constraints hindering the adoption of improved fisheries technologies in the study area
Alternative feed resources in the era of climate change: A review
Full text linkClimate change poses significant challenges to traditional feed resources, impacting livestock production and food security. In response, the search for alternative feed resources has gained momentum, aiming to enhance the resilience and sustainability of agriculture in a changing climate. This review explores a diverse array of alternative feed resources that show promise in mitigating the impacts of climate change on feed availability and quality.Drawing froma comprehensive analysis of industry reports, case studies, and articles from sources such as Elsevier, Scopus, PubMed, ScholarOne, PLUS One, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, thisstudy covers a range of innovative options, including insect-based feeds, algae, seaweeds, microbial proteins, residues, by-products, aquatic plants and weeds, hydroponic fodder production, climate-resilient forage crops, agroforestry systems, high-value crop by-products, and silvopastoral systems. Each alternative feed resource is examined in terms of its nutritional value, environmental benefits, and potential challenges to adoption. The review underscores the importance of developing and implementing climate-resilient livestock feeding strategies to ensure food security and sustainability in a changing climate. In light of climate change, this study explores the effects of switching to other feed sources in livestockproduction. Further research and policy support are emphasized to facilitate the integration of these alternative feed resources into livestock production systems worldwide. By embracing these innovative approaches, the agricultural sector can build resilience, reduce environmental impacts, and secure food supplies amidst climate change challenges through insect-based feeds, hydroponic fodders, agro-industrial byproducts, aquatic plants and algae, among others can be used as substitutes in the era of climate chang