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Destination Branding and Cultural Tourism - Case from Serbia
Get PDFDestination branding is icing on the cake of the process of destination-making. This process raises the issues such as attitudes of the local
community towards tourism development, regarding utilization of their
natural and cultural resources, cooperation of national and local decision-makers, and identication of attractions. Such issues are most noticeable in cultural tourism in which tourists choose their destination motivated
by an interest to meet the city’s local culture. As the new museology paradigm shifted focus onto visitors’ experience, museums, guardians and presenters of (local) heritage have become brands of their kind. In their work,
they meet the local community’s needs to know better and adequately present their culture and heritage and the needs of tourists to meet local particularities. This paper focused on two towns in Serbia, Valjevo and Kikinda,
where museums took a leading role in branding cities as cultural tourism
destinations
Analiza bankarskih performansi i identifikacija ključnih determinanti zadovoljstva korisnika elektronskog bankarstva - balanced scorecard pristup
Get PDFThe Effects of Innovation Policy on Science-to-Business Collaboration: The Case of Serbia
No full textThe growing complexity of innovation has led to transition to an open innovation approach. Achieving sustainable economic growth based on knowledge and innovation depends on the efficiency and intensity of interactions between the government, business sector, and academia. Searching for ways to improve the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises is high on the agendas of policy makers in developed and even more in developing countries. Through innovation policy, a favorable environment and stimulating system is created in which innovation activities are realized, information and knowledge are flowed, and cooperation between different actors is established. Academia plays a key role in the open innovation approach and is perhaps the most important partner for small and medium-sized enterprises. The subject of the research is the effects of innovation policy support on science to business collaboration in Serbia, with additional emphasis on the national innovation system and innovation performance of Serbia
Modeliranje varijabilnosti prinosa na finansijskim tržištima
No full textOsnovni cilj naučne monografije Modeliranje varijabilnosti
prinosa na finansijskim tržištima jeste da ukaže na veoma
važne pojmove rizika i varijabilnosti (volatilnosti)
promenljivih u vremenu, i da opiše modele za njihovo merenje i
primenu na finansijskim tržištima širom sveta, posebno u
vreme izbijanja pandemije kovid 19. Za investitore na
finansijskom tržištu je jako bitno da znaju i da prate rizik koji
im donosi ulaganje u neku vrstu aktive. Rizik postaje izraženiji
u vremenima kriza (što je i empirijski pokazano u ovoj
monografiji), te je jako važno ovladati modelima koji služe za
merenje rizika u vremenu.
Reč rizik potiče od italijanske reči (ital. risico) ili francuske
reči (fran. risque), što predstavlja opasnost ili izlaganje
opasnosti; posao ili ulog povezan sa opasnošću da propadne.1
Želja autorke jeste da ovu zanimljivu temu približi naučnoj
javnosti. Autorka se nada da će naučna monografija podstaći
interesovanje u naučnoj i akademskoj javnosti za dalja
istraživanja te izuzetno značajne teme. Delovi monografije se
mogu koristiti i samostalno za oblast merenja volatilnosti,
kovarijanse, koeficijenta korelacije i rizika koji su
promenljivi u vremenu na finansijskim tržištima. Sadržaj
monografije može da bude od koristi i studentima doktorskih
studija na ekonomskim fakultetima iz oblasti ekonometrije
finansijskih tržišta.Činjenica je da su monografije na ovu i slične teme na srpskom
jeziku veoma retke, stoga je i doprinos ove monografije značajan
za dalja izučavanja.
Napomene:
-Monografija je rezultat istraživanja koje finansira
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja
Republike Srbije.
-Naučna monografija zadovoljava obim i način citiranja
predviđen Pravilnikom o naučnoistraživačkoj
delatnosti.
-Monografija je podvrgnuta kontroli originalnosti,
pomoću programa iThenticate. Nakon obavljene kontrole
ustanovljeno je da ne postoje detektovani sadržaji teksta
koji se mogu razumeti kao plagiranje.
-Formule, tabele i grafikoni su označeni sa dva broja. Prvi
broj označava redni broj glave, a drugi redni broj formule
ili tabele ili grafikona.
-Imena stranih autora su navedena u engleskoj
transkripciji, budući da nisu svi autori sa engleskog
govornog područja, te nije bilo moguće dosledno utvrditi
fonetsku transkripciju njihovih imena na srpskom jeziku.
Imena autora iz Srbije su ćirilična.
-Skraćenice i oznake u monografiji su formirane od prvih
slova datog pojma u engleskoj transkripciji.
-U spisku literature prezimena autora su navedena po
abecednom redu, akorišćen je APA (engl. American
Psychological Association) stil citiranja.
Za sve eventualne greške i propuste u naučnoj monografiji
odgovorna je autorka
Tobacco tax evasion in Western Balkan countries: tax evasion prevalence and evasion determinants
Get PDFBackground and objective Tobacco tax evasion
undermines the goal of tobacco taxes as a tobacco
control measure to make tobacco products less
affordable, increases the health risks for those who
smoke and decreases the government revenue. This
paper analyses the tobacco tax evasion in six Western
Balkan (WB) countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. The
aim of this research is to estimate the size of the illicit
market and identify the main determinants of tax evasion
activities in the Southeastern European region.
Data and methods Data from 2019 Survey on
Tobacco Consumption in Southeastern Europe (STCSEE) are used. STC-SEE provides uniquely comparable
nationally representative data on smoking behaviour for
adult (18–85 years old) population for each country. Tax
evasion is defined on the basis of available information
on tax stamps, health warnings, price and the place
of purchase, in accordance with the previous research
on tax evasion. In order to estimate the determinants
of illicit purchases we use binary choice model of tax
evasion.
Results The study finds that 20.4% of all current
smokers in WB countries evade taxes on tobacco
products, with evasion being much more frequent
for hand-rolled (HR) tobacco (86.7%) than for the
manufactured cigarettes (MC) (8.6%). While HR is
predominantly illicit in all six countries, MC evasion varies
significantly, with evasion being significantly higher
in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results
further suggest that tax evasion is higher in the statistical
regions where institutional capacities to tackle illicit
trade are lower, in municipalities bordering countries
with high MC evasion, as well as among smokers
with low income, women and elderly. We also provide
evidence that higher tobacco taxes and prices do not
increase illicit consumption.
Conclusion The findings from the research suggest
that in order to decrease tax evasion, governments
should put additional effort to strengthen institutional
capacities to tackle illicit tobacco markets. Furthermore,
improving regional coordination in development and
implementation of tobacco control policies, including
the prevention of illicit market, is essential in lowering
evasion in all WB countries. Finally, WB countries should
regulate and enforce excise tax stamp requirements on
the HR tobacco market to a much higher degree
Qualitative Evaluation of Financing Programs in Agricultural Sector in Serbia
Get PDFThe incentive system is a part of agricultural policy. Activities of the agricultural policies in Serbia are msotly directed towards European integration and
harmonized with the requirements of international organizations that assist
in financing. In formylating the incentive system, policymakers are facing
significant challenges. They include preserving social stability, improving
living standards, achieving balanced regional development, and food security. Moreover, they face environmental issues and standards of sustainable
development. The subject of this paper is to determine the current situation in
the incentive system and estimate its effects on agricultural production in an
empirical analysis of agricultural financing programs in Serbia. In the empirical analysis we use qualitative indicators calculated using publicly available
secondary data from 2013 to 2019. We evaluate subsidies as an essential part
of agriculture policy to estimate their impact. The results show that farmers
had the highest interest for direct payments (the number of total approved
requests was 20 times higher in 2019 compared to 2015). In addition, data
and documents indicate that the incentive system in Serbia is not effective,
because funds allocated for certain types of incentives were not claimed (especially in the group - Measures of Rural development). We have formulated
several recommendations to agricultural policymakers based on the results of
qualitative analysis and concluding remarks
Are the self-employed at a higher poverty risk: empirical evidence from Serbian SILC data
Get PDFSelf-employment constitutes a significant share of the workforce in Serbia. Due to the equally
high poverty as well as self-employment rates in Serbia, this paper aims to examine whether there is
any prevalence between the two. Moreover, it also seeks to investigate what detriments exist within
self-employment that keep or lead to poverty among self-employed people. The research is based on
both longitudinal and cross-sectional SILC data. The main results indicated higher poverty exposure
for solo entrepreneurs and those employed in family enterprises. Businesses run by men, low-skilled
individuals, and young entrepreneurs are all at a much higher risk of poverty than other entrepreneurs
or employees, especially those represented by women and highly educated individuals. The paper
provides significant inputs for (1) managing differences within the active population at risk of
income poverty and (2) monitoring outcomes of the self-employed, given that more than half of them
are involved in the agricultural sector
Ekološka efikasnost i emisije azotnih oksida preduzeća u Srbiji
Get PDFThe main air pollutants in Serbia are
primary and secondary suspended particles, sulfur
dioxide, carbon dioxide and monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides. This paper aims to calculate the ecological
efficiency based on nitrogen oxide emissions from
2015 to 2019 for medium-sized enterprises that are
significant sources of air pollution in Serbia. The
ecological efficiency indicator is determined as the
ratio of the enterprises' operating income and
nitrogen oxide emissions annually. The analysis
results of nitrogen oxide emissions in Serbia during
the five years show a declining trend until 2018,
when emissions are lowest. The analyzed mediumsized enterprises continuously emit nitrogen oxides in
the observed period. Most of the analyzed enterprises
recorded a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions in
the second part of the observed period, indicating
improved ecological efficiency. However, along with
reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, some enterprises
recorded a decrease in operating income, operating
and net results or even negative results. A bad trend
of ecological efficiency is recorded by a mediumsized enterprise engaged in paper and cardboard
production
Driving Factors for Women's Switch to Electric Vehicles in Conservative Kuwait
Get PDFElectric vehicles (EVs) may constitute the most disruptive and innovative product since the smartphone. Further, there seems to be a relationship between the percentage of women in congress and plug-in vehicles sold in 2021. This study considers the relation between the country with the least number of women in congress and the least EVs sold—the State of Kuwait. This study asks 234 women drivers in Kuwait what policy-level changes would make them switch from conventional Internal Combustion Engine cars (ICE) to EVs. The results showed the following: More than 50% of participants would buy EVs within the next three years if several conditions were met: lower purchase price with government assistance and availability of suitable infrastructure for EVs such as wide availability of fast charging stations, fast lanes, and free parking spaces. More than 40% of participants would start thinking seriously about buying EVs if gas/fuel prices increased by 50–199%; they also thought EVs were safer regarding fire and car crashes. They would pay 6–20% more for EVs that are environmentally friendly and faster than gasoline cars. About 40% of women drivers would be able to charge EVs in their residential areas in Kuwait, but the lack of charging stations remains the biggest obstacle to the mass adoption of EVs. This study also made various suggestions to overcome barriers to EV introduction in Kuwait, such as the increase of fast charging stations, as well as marketing strategies and government initiatives and policies. One key implication is that focused educational efforts are needed to help women owners in Kuwait better understand the benefits and overall potential of EVs
Key Features and Challenges of the China-Western Balkan Countries Merchandise Trade Development
Get PDFThe Western Balkan countries’ economic growth and development largely depend on the integration of national economies into international trade flows. Bearing in mind the expanding presence of China in the Western Balkans and the considerable increase in bilateral trade over the previous decade, it is of great importance to focus on the strategies for overcoming main challenges and fostering more balanced trade in the forthcoming period. Regarding that, the main aim of the research was to analyze trade flows and patterns and investigate the trade intensity between the Western Balkan countries and China. Furthermore, the research attempted to determine the main challenges and to consider the strategic approach to their overwhelming, including better exploiting the opportunities provided by trade cooperation with China in the rapidly changing global environment.The paper used desk research - a descriptive analysis of data on merchandise trade between six Western Balkans countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, North Macedonia, and Serbia) and China. The analysis was based on the data available in the UN Comtrade, Trade Map, and WTO statistical databases for the period 2016-2021. In addition, the Trade intensity index (TTI) was also used in the paper in order to discover how intensively the Western Balkan countries were trading with China.However, despite the rapid trade growth with China, its share in the WB countries' total trade remains at a relatively low level of about 8%. The trade deficit also increased significantly, indicating a deepening of the asymmetry in the economic relations of the observed countries. Although the trade intensity index (TII) also confirms the deepening of trade relations, the TII value of 0.24 in 2021 indicates that trade between the Western Balkans and China is not developed at a desirable level, and there is considerable room for improvement