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Remote Work Opportunities for the Persons with Disabilities: A Literature Review
Get PDFThis research represents one of the first literature reviews of remote work opportunities for persons with disabilities. Given the fact that persons with disabilities represent almost 15% of the total world population and that this category of people is facing huge challenges in terms of employment inclusion and risk of poverty, it is obvious that remote work arrangements provide excellent employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. This argument, in combination with the enormous growth of remote work platforms and digital entrepreneurship, represents a key reason for the rising interest of the research community in this topic. The aim of this research was to identify the current state of the academic literature in the area of remote work opportunities and persons with disabilities and to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge as a basis for future research recommendations. Insight, critique, and transformative redefinition of the current academic literature on remote work and persons with disabilities were applied to analyze and synthesize the literature. In total, around 80 articles were analyzed by theoretical focus, methodology, time, and geography. Google Scholar search was conducted during December 2022 using a comprehensive search strategy built around the following major topics: 1. persons with disabilities in the labor market, 2. remote work and the persons with disabilities, and 3. remote work capacity of the persons with disabilities. The results of this research show that the research on the remote work capacity of persons with disabilities is fragmented and that more studies covering different aspects of remote work opportunities for persons with disabilities are needed, especially those that will be quantitative in their nature and more integrative. This research has contributed towards a better understanding of the literature gaps in regard to remote work opportunities for persons with disabilities and points to some future research directions such as skills and competencies of persons with disabilities for remote work, the challenges of remote work for persons with disabilities, and the requirements of the remote work platforms and other remote work opportunities
Using the stochastic frontier approach to determine the gender wage gap and labour market efficiency
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the gender wage gap, as this issue has been insufficiently studied in the
labor market of the Republic of Serbia. Using data from a panel study derived from a survey on income
and living conditions, the paper examines whether the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has
affected the extent of the wage gap in the Republic of Serbia. The paper employs the stochastic frontier
model, which is used to determine the discrepancy between men's and women's wages and the
differences in efficiency in the labor market. The results of applying this approach confirmed that there
is a statistically significant difference between men's and women's wages and that participants in the
labor market differ in their efficiency, which is measured by the difference between realized and
potential wages of workers
How do we SEE Digital Platform Workers’ Skill Patterns? Evidence from South– Eastern Europe
No full textThe study aims to identify and describe the most relevant professional skill patterns among
the digital platform workers from the selected Southeastern European (SEE) countries. Such
orientation is based on the relatively modest presence of SEE countries in large pan-European
studies, and on the lack of information regarding the applicability of existing online job
taxonomies in observed countries. Applying a topic approach as a natural language processing
technique, we analyzed the sets of self-reported skills provided by digital platform workers
registered at the Upwork platform. Seven distinctive skill profiles were extracted, which only
partly overlapped with the standard Oxford’s Online Labour Index of digital job taxonomy.
Results are indicating clear distinctions between highly specialized and general job categories,
and between creative and technical professions. Mapping of the skills and national affiliations
reveal differences between EU and non-EU countries in the region regarding professional
inclinations. Partly in line with the findings of previous studies, the results pave the way for
future research on this topic
The time perspectives of the Dark Tetrad in males and females : preliminary findings of sex differences in sadism
Get PDFObjectives. Understanding the relationship between the time perspectives and the Dark Tetrad
can shed light on some of the mechanisms underlying these personality traits, and exploring
potential sex differences in these relationships
can contribute to a more nuanced understanding
of the Dark Tetrad and its implications for both
males and females. The previous studies produced valuable knowledge on the relationships
between different time perspectives and the Dark
Triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and
narcissism), but they mainly neglected sex differences and have not considered sadism. This study
aimed to explore Dark Tetrad and time perspectives association in males and females separately.
Sample and settings. The sample included 350
participants (170 males and 180 females, aged
18 to 69) who completed the Short Dark Triad,
the direct sadism scale from Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies, and Zimbardo Time Perspective
Inventory.
Hypotheses. It was assumed that Dark Tetrad
traits would relate positively with the present-time
perspectives in both sexes but stronger in males.
Statistical analyses. After exploring the correlations at the baseline level, sex differences were
examined by moderation analysis, followed by
separate multiple regressions for both sexes.
Results. The Dark Tetrad traits were mainly associated with present orientation in both sewith differences based on participants’ sex. Narcissism was more strongly related to the present hedonistic perspective in females, and psychopathy more strongly to the present fatalistic
in males. Notably, sadism exhibited striking differences. In males, sadism was only related to
the present fatalistic perspective, whereas in females, it was associated with present-hedonistic
and past negative perspectives. This study provided initial insights into the time perspective of
sadism, highlighting a potentially greater role of
negative early-life experiences in females.
Limitations. Sample characteristics, correlational design, single-measure dark traits assessment,
and the lack of early-life events measure were
discusse
EmDigital into action: an overview of the tool for assessing the digital entrepreneurial competences of university students
Get PDFUniversities around the world teach their students digital entrepreneurship to make them more
competent and better prepared for the contemporary labor market. Students acquire some levels of
digital entrepreneurial competences (DEC) and enter the labor market, but the academic literature offers
very limited evidence on the actual and/or perceived levels of DEC the students acquire during the
course of their studies. This paper provides an overview of the DEC assessment tool (available at:
www.dec-tool.com) which was developed under a research grant for the purpose of assessing the levels
of actual and perceived DEC of the university students. The DEC tool was developed using DEC
competence model called EmDigital as the conceptual framework, and it covers all four competence
areas, 15 sub-competences and 45 specific indicators of EmDigital. The best practice of the relevant
competence frameworks (DigComp, EntreComp) was used in developing the tool. The DEC tool had its
first application on a sample of university students in Kuwait and Serbia during Spring semester of the
academic 2022/2023 and some preliminary results and the characteristics of the study are also
presented in this paper
Crowd-Based Open Innovation: Models, Challenges, and Trends
Get PDFThis article considers concepts, models, achieved results and emerging trends
of the open innovation approach to organizing and conducting research and
development activities in companies. The goal is to perform a comprehensive
systematic analysis of literature that considers the open innovation models that
focus on the collaboration of various stakeholders, including companies, academia, government, startups, individuals, and others, in the context of design
and development of innovative digital services, through integration of crowd-sourcing and DevOps. As a result, we propose a new framework for organizing
open innovation activities using DevOps practices for digitals service development. Finally, we present examples of implementing crowd-based open innovation models in various contexts
Youth Aspirations Towards Industry 4.0 Job Requirements: The Example of the Serbian Labor Market
No full textA push towards digitalization and a solid inflow of foreign investments has provided a basis to create new jobs and facilitate a smoother transition of youth into the Serbian labor market. Although still inordinately high when compared to its EU counterparts, the unemployment rate youth has decreased over the last decade following improved macroeconomic trends. Further positive outcomes necessitate targeted, labor market policies focused on strengthening employability - of interest to research are changes in the external environment (particularly Industry 4.0 requirements) and deficiencies caused by rigidity in formal education. Taking into consideration youth career aspirations and capacities, a Principal Component Factor Analysis was applied to data collected from the survey of youth (18-29 years old, n=125). The results help provide conclusions on youth attitudes related to learning preferences, additional skills required and the self-estimation of their digital-skill capacities. The analysis extracts five factors relevant for developing effective active labor market measures
Coupling Culture and Space for the Post-Growth
Get PDFThis study explores why there is a fundamental need to integrate cultural,
urban, and spatial planning. We also argue for a stronger linkage of
degrowth with cultural and spatial studies to achieve urgent developmental
transformations. In this study, we aim to highlight three of the most
important considerations as possible steps towards various future systemic
solutions, considering the historical background on development,
ideology, power, culture, city, economy and other relevant policies.
1) The importance of participatory strategies and inclusive approaches in
promoting various cultural and urban policies (based on practices as
shown in cases) as essential for the future; 2) Embedding degrowth
discussions in the fields of space and culture aims to highlight multiple
alternative paths that can be taken to address systemic issues; 3)
Theories of cultural and urban participation crossed with practise provide a
strategic framework to explore possibilities
Equal Pay and Employment in Serbia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFIntroduction and objectives: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Serbia belonged to the group of post-transition countries that were determined to reduce gender inequalities in the labour market through an improved institutional framework and measures to promote women’s employment. However, the gender wage gap remains significant. This paper uses data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions to examine the gender wage gap in Serbia. Methods: The estimates of the stochastic frontier model were obtained using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Results: The results indicate a statistically significant gender wage gap, showing that women on average have a log hourly wage 0.109 and 0.098 lower than men in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The labour market shows similar efficiency of employees. Conclusion: It is predicted that women are paid less than men, even after controlling for the observed factors. Comparing this with the results of previous studies, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a slight worsening of gender inequalities in the Serbian labour market. Implications and research limitation: Women’s financial vulnerability can be exacerbated by leaving the workforce, taking up part-time employment or working in a job with lower benefits. The latter position of women in the labour market or their recognition as potential beneficiaries by pension and social security systems are two ways in which this has practical implications for the public policy. Similar research using data from the post-COVID-19 period would be of great value in assessing changes in women’s position in the labour market
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Digital Competitiveness in CEE countries
Get PDFThis research is focused on the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and digital competitiveness at the macro level because of the importance of climate conditions and the use of new technologies, especially digital technologies. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured using the composite index (CI) conducted by the DEA method. Digital competitiveness is measured using the Digital Competitiveness Index (DCI) calculated by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD). The research covered 11 CEE countries: The latest available data on greenhouse gas emissions were from 2019. Correlation analysis results showed that there was no correlation between these variables. Explanations for these results can be found at the DCI level. These index values show that CEE countries do not have a high value of digital competitiveness, which indicates that digital technology adoption is not at a high level, so it still has effects on gas emissions, the environment, and climate change