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健康社会学の観点から見た幼児の投動作の発育発達
Full text link日本の幼児は投動作がうまくできない。この状況は保育士や保護者が子どもの頃に既に発生しており，保育士や保護者は，自身がうまくボールを投げられないだけでなく，子どもたちにボールの投げ方を教えたり見本を見せたりすることができない。本研究は，そんな保育士や保護者が子どもたちの投動作を改善する方法の検討を目的として行った。11 名の園児にテニスボールを投げさせて観察したところ，うまく投げられない子は，視線が下を向いていて，ボールを投げたい方向に顔を向けられていない，足が揃えられているので重心移動ができない，横から投げているので肩が回っていないことが分かり，視線，足，肩が幼児の投動作の改善点であるとの知見を得た。そこで，子どもたちに「顔をあげてボールを投げたい方を見る」，「ボールを投げる手と反対の足を前に出す」，「肩を回して上から投げる」という口頭での指示を与えた。その結果，子どもたちの投動作は劇的に改善し，11 人中7 人の子どもの投距離が延びた。この研究で用いた口頭での指示は，子どもたちに投動作の見本を見せられない保育士や保護者にも行うことができ，幼児の投動作の改善に有効であると考えられる。日本では保育所の園庭や家の庭がとても狭いか，そもそも庭が無く，公園ではボール投げが禁止されていて，子どもも大人もボールを投げる機会がとても少ない。すなわち，幼児の投動作の発達の遅れは，健康社会学上の問題であり，この状況への対処には，政府や地方自治体による健康社会学的なアプローチが必要である。Japanese preschool children have poor throwing skills. This situation was similar during the childhood days of todayʼs preschool teachers and parents. Both children and adults have had very few opportunities to throwballs, because preschools and homes in Japan havenʼt had gardens or are small and playing with balls have been prohibited in public parks. Therefore, they find it difficult to throw balls by themselves and show or teach how to throw balls. This study examined the ways in which preschool teachers and parents can improve childrenʼs throwing movements. Eleven children were asked to throw a tennis ball. We observed that children who were unable to throw the ball well were looking down, their faces were not facing the direction in which they wanted to throw, and their feet were together; hence, the center of gravity was not shifted, they were throwing sideways, and their shoulders were not rotating. Therefore, we can conclude that the line of sight, feet, and shoulders improved childrenʼs throwing movements. Verbal instructions were given to the children to look upward, place the leg opposite the throwing arm in front, rotate their shoulders, and throw from above. Consequently, the childrenʼs throwing movements strikingly improved, and the throwing distance increased in 7 of the 11 children. The verbal instructions used in this study can be used by preschool teachers and parents who are unable to provide accurate demonstrations and are thought to be helpful in improving childrenʼs throwing movements. Childrenʼs delay of development of throwing a ball movement is health sociological problem. In order to cope with it, health sociological approach by the government and community governments would be necessary.departmental bulletin pape
The Implementation of a National Business Tax and its Impact on Local Taxes
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Business Tax Law (implemented in 1897) on local taxes, focusing primarily on the changes in prefectural taxes in Yamanashi Prefecture, particularly the trends in the business tax and miscellaneous taxes. The analysis reveals that, contrary to the government’s intentions, the implementation of the business tax law had a significant impact on prefectural finances. As a result, the prefecture lost a valuable source of revenue and had to compensate by relying on miscellaneous taxes such as the vehicle tax. On the other hand, for municipalities where commercial activities were concentrated, the additional business tax generated substantial revenue. Unlike the prefectural finances, municipal tax revenues, which had temporarily declined, were quickly restored.論説departmental bulletin pape
共同研究調査・資料／企画展／収蔵資料展示／緊急収蔵品展／海洋都市横浜うみ博2023
Full text link共同研究調査・資料
企画展「布と衣。刺し子」渡部つとむコレクション
企画展神大生の部屋 －日本常民文化研究所による神大生の研究－
収蔵資料展示湯たんぽ
収蔵資料展示渋沢敬三が集めた暮らしの史料
緊急収蔵品展奥能登の歴史と日本常民文化研究所
海洋都市横浜うみ博2023othe
