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Systematic Review on Adverse Effect of Pesticide on Top Ten Importers of African Countries
Full text linkAs agricultural production in African countries intensifies; pesticide
utilization becomes more widespread and the users are extremely exposed
to these pesticides due to lack of pesticide registration scheme;
importing highly toxic pesticides; no national plan for pesticide
residue; involvement of children and women. The purpose of this
systematic review was to review adverse effect of pesticide among top
ten imported African countries. In this review, top ten importers
African countries were selected based of imported amount for ten years
were considered from imported period of 2002 to 2017. The articles were
searched from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and MEDLINE and EMBASE engines.
The first leading three continents for pesticides exported were
European (48.2%), Asian (33.7%) and North America (12.7%), while the
countries were China (14.3%), Germany (11.8%) and United States (11.5%)
at the end of 2017. The first three leading importer of African
countries were South Africa shared (25.7%), Nigeria (15.8%) and Ghana
(14.5%). The three major imported pesticides were Fungicides,
herbicides and insecticides. In this review, Ethiopia (827), Kenya
(801), and Morocco (542) are the main importers of pesticides until end
of 2017. The review also found that farmers were faced with endocrine
disruption, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity,
cardiovascular, dermatitis and birth defects. The main associated
factor for these problems were low awareness, improper handling of
pesticide, and lack of training, and careless disposal of empty
pesticides containers. The study concluded that more than one billion
US$ of pesticides sales was carried out into ten African countries. The
farmers within these country were faced different health problems due
to different determinant factors. Proper training and education should
be advised for farmer
Management of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using Nigerian Raw Diatomite
Full text linkMaize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, whose management has largely been via
traditional control practices, is a key pest of stored maize grains
causing severe losses. This study explored the use of Nigerian Raw
Diatomite (RD) in the management of the weevil. A 3-replicated split
plot designed laboratory experiment was conducted for 6 months
duration. The treatments were Raw Diatomite (RD) at the rate of 250,
500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg and a control (untreated) across four improved
maize grain varieties. Data collected were on mortality, F1 progeny
produced, grain weight damage, and loss. Data were analyzed with
variance analysis and significantly different means were separated
using Turkey Kramer HSD test at P<0.05. Results showed that the
control had the least weevil mortality across the varieties throughout
the periods of assessment. Highest weevil mortality was recorded with
increase in dose rates of RD and progresses to 100% - largely at the
14th day post-treatment. Control recorded the highest weight loss and
grain damage of 16.5% and 38.1%, respectively when compared to all the
other treatment rates on the most tolerant variety (SAMMAZ 25). The
study revealed that RD had a promising potential to substitute
synthetic insecticides and can be incorporated into the integrated pest
management strategy against maize weevil. We therefore suggest that
further work be done to refine the Nigerian RD so as to standardize the
most effective dosage application rate for management of insect pests
of stored maize and other cereals
Ecological and Structural Characteristics of Riparian Forest in Omo Biosphere Reserve
Full text linkAn investigation on the structural characteristics of the riparian
forest in Omo Biosphere Reserve was carried out. The structure was
analyzed through diameter class distribution, basal area and breast
height. Riparian forest showed a major characteristic in the
physiognomy of forests along major river, streams and Upland vegetation
and the Core, Buffer and Transition zones that is highly variable in
the diameter class distribution (reserve J type), Mean basal area per
hectare for major river is 294,089.30/cm2/ ha, Stream 613.027/cm2/ha,
and Upland 205,648 cm3/ha. Mean basal area for core is 507,399.50
cm2/ha, buffer had 340,699 cm2/ha and transition 264,656 cm2/ha. While
mean volume per hectare for core is 7955.2 m3/ha, buffer 7260 m3/ha and
Transition 6254.4 m3/ha. Maximum dbh of 246 cm was obtained in the core
species. Many stands of riparian forests are facing various levels of
structural and floristic simplification, which include fundamental
transformations in vegetation physiognomy from dense stands to riparian
scrub or bare land
The Potential Role of Agro-Forestry in Honey Production-A Case Study of Federal College of Forestry, Oyo State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe major concern globally is the need to ensure health, economy, large
food production, sustainable management of the environment and the
renewable natural resources. Such concern has advance measure part of
which generate up to date information necessary for long term
exploitation of this resources. But this information itself requires
planning as well as machinery for its management in Nigeria. However
agro-apiculture/agro-forestry is still nonexistence. This is
attributable partly to lack of understanding, information and awareness
regarding agro-apiculture practice in forest plantation. And therefore,
to create this awareness and draw of authority concerned-Governments,
policy maker, town planning and municipal authority to the need for the
incorporation of apiculture into agro-forestry for sustainable
management. This fact therefore, justifies the growing interest in the
apiculture with agro forestry. This paper focuses on the potential role
of agro forestry in honey production in federal college of forestry
since 1999 to 2016 and its associated environmental problems are
highlighted while the potential of agro forestry in honey production
are stressed
Assessment of the Factors Responsible For the Use of Illicit Drugs by Medical Students in Sports in a Tertiary Institution in Delta State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe use of illicit drugs in recent times in modern sport has become an
issue of growing concern. This study assessed the factors responsible
for the use of illicit drugs by medical students in sports in Delta
State University Abraka The target population included five departments
in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences of Delta State University
Abraka. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 1,436
medical student athletes of the College of Health Sciences of Delta
State University Abraka and random sampling technique was used to
select a sample size of 143 respondents. A researcher-made confidential
questionnaire was the instrument used for the collection of data. A
coefficient index score (r) of 0.78 was obtained which ascertained the
internal consistency of the instrument was reliable. A total of 120
questionnaires were successfully retrieved and used for data analysis.
Mean score and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were adopted as
statistical tools for analyzing the obtained data. There was
significant (p<0.05) relationship between the age of medical
students and their knowledge of illicit drugs used in sports, however,
there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between the gender of
the students and their knowledge of illicit drugs used in sports.
Similarly, there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between
type of school of medical students and knowledge of illicit drugs used
in sports. Findings from the study further equally revealed that there
was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between parental background
and medical students\u2019 knowledge of use of illicit drugs in
sports. Based on the findings of this study, it is obvious age was
supported to determine the use of illicit drugs in sports by medical in
sports, hence, the need for stringent policies to be censored
especially towards the age requirement for medical student
participation while adopting adequate measures to curtail the use of
illicit drug among medical students
Level of Practice of Safety Precautions against COVID 19 among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in Nigeria
Full text linkCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) has assumed a global health
concern since the first case was recorded in Wuhan community China in
December 2019. The objective of this paper is to report the level of
practice of safety precautions against COVID 19 among pregnant women
attending Antenatal Clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in
Nigeria. A self- administered questionnaire on the level of practice of
safety precautions against covid19 infection was administered to a
total of 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in central
Hospital Benin City for Data collection. The results showed that two
hundred and four (48.6%) of the respondents reported that they have
recently avoided crowded places. Three hundred and seventy two (88.6%)
reported recently wearing mask whenever they left home. Three hundred
and twenty four (77.1%) of the respondents had good practice of safety
precautions against COVID19. The study showed a good practice of safety
precautions against COVID19 and this was influenced by the
women\u2019s level of education, occupation and knowledge of COVID-19.
However, there is still the need to improve the knowledge of the women
attending antenatal clinic regarding COVID-19 through health education
seminars. Also up scaling the practice of safety precautions could be
done through such health education seminars
Bifurcation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Malaria Model with Isolated Drug Resistant Population
Full text linkA malaria model with isolated drug resistant population after the first
line of treatment is presented using six systems of first order
nonlinear differential equations. The disease free equilibrium point
and the basic reproduction number are determined. Local stability of
the disease free equilibrium is determined and the conditions for the
existence of endemic equilibrium. Bifurcation analysis reveals the
existence of backward bifurcation. Sensitivity analysis is used to
determine the impact of the model parameter on the basic reproduction
number. Early detection and using correct dosage will go a long way to
prevent drug resistance
Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Health Impact associated with the use of Different Types of Cooking Stoves amongst Rural Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study focused on assessing the health impact of indoor air
pollution and coping strategies adopted among rural households in Kwara
state, Nigeria. A three-stage random sampling techniques was used to
select 150 household respondents. The data for the study were collected
using a well-structured questionnaire and an MSA gas-detector used to
monitor the concentration of Carbon-monoxide (CO), Sulphur-dioxide
(SO2) and Hydrogensulphide (H2S) pollutants. Descriptive and
inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. However, the
result revealed that the mean concentration of CO, SO2 and H2S in the
kitchen during cooking were 77.20, 1.97 and 0.25 parts-per millions
(ppm) respectively. The World Health recommends exposure limits of
35ppm for 1hour and 9ppm for 8hours for CO concentration in a
household. While, the recommended exposure limits of 0.5ppm and 1.0ppm
for 8 hours, and 5.0ppm and 10.0ppm for 15minutes for SO2 and H2S
concentrations in a household respectively. Eye irritation, Sneezing
and headache were the 1st, 2nd and 3rd perceived health problems found
to be associated with indoor air pollution. Also, the Pearson \u3c72
result (15.051, 15.454, and 11.853 with P<0.05) revealed that
cold/catarrh/cough, headache/fever, and body pain ailments respectively
have significant association with types of cooking stove used by rural
households. Thus, inefficient wood and charcoal stoves influence rural
household health negatively and they cope by adopting indigenous
management practices
Development of a Solar Distiller for the Production of Potable Water for Human Consumption
Full text linkThe study is a continual quest towards the provision of affordable,
health-friendly fresh potable water in rural areas; using available,
affordable and durable materials for the construction of a solar
distiller for freshwater production. The aim of this study was to
develop a solar distiller for the production of potable water in
waterborne diseases infested rural communities in northern Nigeria.
Solar radiation with an intensity of 32 kcal/day was made to pass
through a transparent polythene of 1039.6/cm2 that covers a 6800/cm3 of
water collected through evaporator made with 78% refined clay
constituent distilling 1.3 litres/day of pure water. An efficiency of
77% was determined after several test runs. Information from this study
will serve as a guide to researchers on the production of portable
water from the solar distiller. Also, it will guide the government and
agencies on policy and decision making on water resources
Evaluation of Asa River Water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for Available Pollutants and their Effects on Mitosis and Chromosomes Morphology in Allium cepa Cells
Full text linkThis study evaluated water samples from Asa River in Kwara state,
Nigeria, for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the
Allium cepa assay. Onions were grown in the water samples for
microscopic and macroscopic screenings. Heavy metals and volatile
organic pollutants in the water were elucidated using AAS and GCMS
techniques. The Water samples except the sample \u2018C\u2019 induced
higher mitotic index (MI) than the negative control. Root growth was
significantly promoted at 25.0 %, and significantly reduced at 50.0 %
and 100.0 % of the sample \u2018C\u2019 and 100.0 % of the sample
\u2018A\u2019. Water sample \u2018A\u2019 (100.0%) induced highest
percentage chromosomal aberrations (CA) while the water samples
\u2018B\u2019 and \u2018C\u2019 induced higher percentage CA than
the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher
than its permissible limit in drinking water. Poly aromatic
hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and
Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. The
observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of
the water samples on A. cepa cells suggest that Asa river was polluted,
having potential to adversely affect humans, animals and plants
utilizing it along its course