Bioline International
Not a member yet
20181 research outputs found
Sort by
Dietary knowledge, attitude and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Sudan: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: In Sudan, the prevalence of diabetes in adults was
estimated at 19.1% in 2015. This study assessed dietary knowledge,
attitude, and practices (KAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
patients in Sudan. Methods: We randomly selected 238 T2DM patients from
a list of 2460 patients from the Jabber Abulizz Hospital. We
interviewed them face-to-face using a structured questionnaire.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate
the determinants of KAP regarding the recommended diets for T2DM
patients. Results: Majority of the patients demonstrated good knowledge
(54.6%), positive attitude (79%); and good practice (58%). The result
revealed that patients with formal education had 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6-5.7)
times higher odds of having good diabetic dietary knowledge than those
with informal education. While patients who had good knowledge and a
positive attitude were respectively 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-8.9) and 3.2 (95%
CI: 1.5-6.7) times more likely to follow dietary recommendations than
the patients with poor knowledge and negative attitudes. Conclusion:
Irrespective of the socio-demographic position, the good knowledge and
the positive attitude towards the recommended diet, all the T2DM
patients complied with the dietary recommendations. These findings
highlight the need for improving knowledge and promoting positive
attitudes towards the recommended diet among T2DM patients
The Newcastle satisfaction with nursing scales in a Mexican Oncology Hospital
Get PDFObjectives. The principal aim of this study was to identify whether the
Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (NSNS) could be used on
cancer patients. Methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study
carried out on cancer patients (n = 298). Results. We found that a
majority of cancer patients were around 50 years old (hospitalized
patients [HP]: 49.5 \ub1 14.9; chemotherapy outpatients [COP]: 49.4
\ub1 12.7), were female (HP: 74%; COP: 63.5%), and had received
education at least up to elementary level (HP: 70%; COP: 80%). Breast
cancer was the principal type of cancer (>34%) in both groups (HP
and COP). The groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, place of
origin, educational qualification, and type of cancer. Among HP, the
experience and satisfaction scales of the NSNS showed good internal
consistency (n = 235, \u3b1 >0.9, r > 0.7), while among COP,
only the satisfaction scale showed good internal consistency (n = 62,
\u3b1 = 1.00). Most patients\u2019 perceptions (level of
satisfaction) of hospitalization and chemotherapy services were
positive (98% and 97%, respectively). Conclusion: An NSNS instrument
specifically designed for ambulatory care cancer patients is necessary
for it to be useful in assessing cancer patients' perception of nursing
care. This will help improve the quality of care in Mexico. The
presence of cancer by itself could modify the patients\u2019
satisfaction level. Further large-scale studies are required to
investigate the patients\u2019 perceptions of nursing care using the
NSNS on different cancer patient groups
The utility of a modified WHO TB screening tool among children at a Botswana child welfare clinic
Get PDFBackground: In high TB/HIV settings, the increased risk for TB amongst
children exposed to HIV has been established through biomedical tests.
Screening HIV exposed children for TB can improve early childhood TB
detection and treatment. Objective: This study assessed the utility of
a modified World Health Organization (WHO) tool by including HIV
variables, to determine TB exposure amongst HIV exposed children
presenting to a \u201cWell Child\u201d Clinic (CWC). Methods:
Clinical data were obtained from medical records and/or from the
caregivers of children presenting to CWC. Data was analyzed to explore
factors associated with positive screening for TB, including being
exposed to HIV and current HIV status. Results: Five percent (55/1100)
screened reported a close TB contact and 21% (n=231) had positive TB
symptom screen. History of close TB contact was a risk factor for
positive screening for TB symptoms (OR 1.89 CI 1.05-3.4) while being
HIV negative was protective (OR 0.3, Cl 0.19-0.62). HIV exposure was
associated with increased risk of TB exposure (OR 2.9 CI 1.61-5.19).
Conclusion: Integrating HIV variables in the existing WHO screening
tool for childhood TB can be useful in early detection and treatment of
TB in HIV exposed children in resource limited settings
COVID-19 mortality rate prediction for India using statistical neural networks and gaussian process regression model
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this research is to identify the best COVID-19
mortality model for India using regression models and is to estimate
the future COVID-19 mortality rate for India. Specifically, Statistical
Neural Networks ( Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN),
Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN)), and Gaussian Process
Regression (GPR) are applied to develop the COVID-19 Mortality Rate
Prediction (MRP) model for India. For that purpose, there are two types
of dataset used in this study: One is COVID-19 Death cases, a Time
Series Data and the other is COVID-19 Confirmed Case and Death Cases
where Death case is dependent variable and the Confirmed case is an
independent variable. Hyperparameter optimization or tuning is used in
these regression models, which is the process of identifying a set of
optimal hyperparameters for any learning process with minimal error.
Here, sigma (\u3c3) is a hyperparameter whose value is used to
constrain the learning process of the above models with minimum Root
Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The performance of the models is evaluated
using the RMSE and 'R2 values, which shows that the GRP model performs
better than the GRNN and RBFNN
Adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda
Get PDFIntroduction: In Kampala Uganda, female sex workers (FSWs) have high
HIV prevalence (33%). Oral PrEP is a novel HIV prevention intervention
that offers hope to decrease HIV incidence in key populations
especially among FSWs. Studies have shown that with poor adherence,
oral PrEP has no efficacy, and therefore adherence to PrEP is critical
among FSWs to maximize HIV prevention. However, implementation data on
adherence to PrEP among FSWs is limited so this study sought to assess
adherence to PrEP. Specifically, we sought to 1) determine the level of
adherence to PrEP among FSWs, and 2) determine factors associated with
PrEP adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from
November to December 2018; 126 FSWs using PrEP were interviewed using a
questionnaire. Adherence was categorically defined as high adherence
and low adherence. Logistic regression was done. Results: Using
long-term contraception methods (OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04-0.77) and not
using condoms with clients (OR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42) were negatively
associated with high PrEP adherence. Conclusion: Barriers to PrEP
adherence need to be addressed for successful PrEP implementation to
improve adherence going forward. Service care providers should
reinforce positive behaviors such as use of condoms devotedly during
PrEP breaks
Evaluating the Novel Coronavirus infection outbreak surveillance results in a state hospital: a retrospective study
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has raised the global public
health concern and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health
Organization. Objectives: This study was aimed to examine the clinical
course and outcomes of the patients with COVID-19 in the southeastern
part of Turkey. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the
files of 173 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The
\u201cCOVID-19 Case Information Form\u201d in the patients\u2019
medical records was used. Results: Of the patients with COVID-19, 64.2%
were male and 16.2% had a chronic disease. Their mean age was
34.76\ub125.75 years. Cough and fatigue were the most common clinical
symptoms at admission with 38.7%. The patients at the age of 65 and
over were treated mostly in the intensive care unit, and the symptoms
associated with the cardiovascular and nausea and vomiting were
observed more often (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was found that the
majority of the patients were male and there were differences between
the age groups in terms of transmission route, the clinic where they
were being followed-up, some symptoms, and clinical status outcome. It
is recommended that multi-center, prospective, experimental, or
observational studies with larger samples should be and the patients
should be followed-up for longer periods
Anatomical variations of the renal artery: a computerized tomographic angiogram study in living kidney donors at a Nigerian Kidney Transplant Center
Get PDFBackground: Understanding of the renal vascular anatomy is key to a
safe and successful donor nephrectomy, which ultimately impacts on the
renal graft function and survival in kidney transplant recipients.
Objective: To report the various anatomical configurations of the renal
artery identified in living kidney donors in a Nigerian kidney
transplant institution . Materials and Methods: The computerized
tomography angiograms of 100 consecutive living kidney donors were
prospectively reviewed over an 18-month period. Anatomical variations
of the renal arteries including accessory arteries and early divisions
were noted. Duration of surgery and ischemic time were recorded
intra-operatively. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version
20. Results: There were variations in renal artery configuration in 50
(50%) cases, 32% were accessory renal arteries while 18% were early
branches of the renal artery. The classical bilateral solitary renal
arteries were found in 50 (50%) of potential donors. There was
statistically significant longer operating and ischemic time in donors
with multiple renal arteries as compared with solitary arteries
(p<0.05). Conclusion: There are a wide variety of renal artery
configurations seen in potential kidney donors. The classical solitary
renal artery remains the commonest and most favourable configuration
for donor nephrectomy and transplantation
Knowledge and practices of physicians on blood component therapy: a cross-sectional study from two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: Comprehension of blood component therapy (BCT) has
profound impact on transfusion outcomes. Variations from the standards
in practices of BCT may jeopardize patient care. Aim: To assess the
understanding and implementation of BCT by physicians. Methods: The
study was carried out at two tertiary health care centres. It was a
descriptive cross- sectional study using a self-administered,
questionnaire comprising of 30 questions. Result: A total of 265
physicians responded from various clinical specialties. Physicians
studied showed remarkable knowledge (98%) of BCT. Nevertheless, 92.8%
of the respondents' were inclined to prescribing whole blood and the
commonest reason given was ready availability at the blood bank. More
than half of the respondents' have prescribed BCT with sedimented red
cells and platelet concentrates being the most frequently prescribed
blood components. Non-availability of blood components and cost
implications were some of the identified limitations to the use of BCT.
Conclusion: Majority of the physicians have a good knowledge concerning
BCT. Nonetheless, there was a knowledge-practice mismatch attributable
to the unavailability of the various blood components limiting optimal
practice of BCT. Strategies should be formulated to overcome these
identified challenges to ensure quality transfusion services in our
healthcare facilities
Correlation of perinatal outcomes with amniotic fluid assessment techniques in high-risk pregnancies in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
No full textBackground: Oligohydramnios is a predictor of fetal compromise and a
useful tool in pregnancy management. It has been assessed using various
techniques, including two-diameter pocket (2-DP) and amniotic fluid
index (AFI). Objectives: To determine which of these two techniques
best diagnose oligohydramnios and predicts adverse perinatal outcomes.
Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at
Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara in southern region of
Nigeria over eight months period. One hundred high-risk pregnant women
were recruited and ultrasound determination of amniotic fluid was
performed using AFI and 2-DP. The women were followed up till delivery
to determine adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: The indices of
validity of AFI and the 2-DP were calculated and compared. The 2-DP had
a higher sensitivity than AFI for adverse outcomes in high-risk
pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios. Conclusion: The 2-DP
technique should preferably be used for the assessment of
oligohydramnios in high-risk pregnancies