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Resistance of lettuce downy mildew\u2019s differential cultivars to root-knot nematodes
No full textDue to the harmful potential and existence of numerous races of lettuce
downy mildew (Bremia lactuca e Regel), several countries carry out the
monitoring of these races through the use of differential cultivars of
lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) The identification of resistance to
other important diseases in these cultivars would be of great value for
the lettuce\u92s breeding, allowing the simultaneous selection for
diseases. Among soil pathogens, the most important are the root-knot
nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) due their damage and difficulty of
control. Thus, the present work evaluated the resistance of these
differential cultivars (C-Set) against the two most important nematode
species for the crop, M. javanica and M. incognita. The experiment was
conducted in a completely randomized design, with eight replicates and
initial population of 1000 eggs and juveniles. The evaluations were
performed by the criteria of reproduction factor and reproduction
index, 75 d after inoculation. Data were submitted to ANOVA and
averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05). All
cultivars are considered susceptible to M. incognita by the
reproduction factor, \u7f5Argel\ue8s\u92, \u7f5Bedford\u92,
\u7f5Design\u92 and \u7f5Grand Rapids\u92 are considered as
slightly resistant by the reproduction index. However, to M. javanica
\u7f5Argel\ue8s\u92, \u7f5Kibrille\u92, \u7f5Balesta\u92,
\u7f5Colorado\u92, \u7f5Design\u92, \u7f5Bartoli\u92, and
\u7f5NunD/m15\u92 are classified as resistant by the reproduction
factor and very resistant by the reproduction index, and can be used as
resistance source for simultaneous selection to downy mildew and this
species of nematode
Filamentous fungi in biological control: current status and future perspectives
No full textAgriculture is the largest economic sector in the world. The awareness
of the current environmental degradation caused by conventional farming
practices has allowed the use of entomopathogenic fungi as a biological
control technique to become increasingly widespread. Several studies
from the laboratory bench to field trials show that fungi can be
directly applied or, more recently, can be carried to the target by
other biological vectors (i.e., insects), which increases their
potential for dispersal and transmission. In addition, studies on the
development of formulations have intensified, with the aim to enable
their commercialization and reduce costs for the more sustainable
management of crops. This review discusses the positive aspects of the
use of filamentous fungi in the biological control of pests,
specifically in terms of the use of antagonistic fungal plant pathogens
and nematophagous fungi
Canopy water retention capacity: comparison between the Atlantic Rainforest and the forest plantation of eucalypt
No full textA Mata Atl\u442ntica, um dos ecossistemas mais amea\u447ados do
planeta, reduzida atualmente a menos de 8% de sua cobertura original,
necessita de aten\u447\u443o especial para sua melhor
conserva\u447\u443o. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a capacidade
de reten\u447\u443o de \u441gua do dossel vegetativo em uma
microbacia coberta por Floresta Ombr\u453fila Densa (Mata
Atl\u442ntica), situada no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar e outra
com cobertura de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em
\u441rea pr\u453xima ao Parque. O monitoramento foi realizado nos
anos de 2008 e 2009 atrav\u449s de pluvi\u454metros e a
reten\u447\u443o de \u441gua do dossel florestal foi avaliada a
partir de regress\u455es lineares entre a precipita\u447\u443o
(PR) e a precipita\u447\u443o interna (TR). Os resultados mostraram
que com exce\u447\u443o da intercepta\u447\u443o na \u449poca
\u93seca\u94 que apresentou os menores coeficientes de
determina\u447\u443o (R2), sendo de 77% no eucalipto e 82% na Mata
Atl\u442ntica, as vari\u441veis apresentaram bom ajuste com a
precipita\u447\u443o incidente com coeficientes maiores de 90%. A
microbacia de Mata Atl\u442ntica obteve maior capacidade de
reten\u447\u443o de \u441gua das copas em rela\u447\u443o ao
eucalipto, em todo o per\u44dodo de estudo foi observado que
precipita\u447\u455es inferiores a 5 mm na Mata Atl\u442ntica e
0,78 mm no Eucalipto s\u443o totalmente interceptadas pelo dossel
florestal e o per\u44dodo \u45amido apresentou a maior capacidade
de reten\u447\u443o de \u441gua, provavelmente pela maior
regenera\u447\u443o vegetal nesta \u449poca, j\u441 que no
per\u44dodo seco a queda das folhas pode diminuir a
reten\u447\u443o.The Atlantic rainforest is one of the most endangered ecosystems of our
planet, this area presents only 8% of its original distribution, needs
special attention to improve its conservation goals. This study aimed
to compare the water retention capacity of the canopy in two watersheds
an entirely covered by Atlantic Forest (Rain Forest), located in
\u93Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar\u94 and other covered with
Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis in an adjacent area.
Monitoring was carried out in the years of 2008 and 2009 through rain
gauges and the water retention of the forest canopy was evaluated from
linear regressions between precipitation (PR) and internal elevation
(TR). The results showed that, with the exception of interception in
the \u93dry\u94 season that presented the lowest coefficients of
determination (R2), being 77% in the eucalypt and 82% in the Atlantic
Forest, the variables presented a good fit with the incident
precipitation, with higher coefficients of 90%. The Atlantic Forest
showed higher retention capacity of water in relation to Eucalyptus,
where rainfall lower than 5 mm in the Atlantic Forest and 0.78mm in
eucalypt are fully intercepted by the forest canopy and the wet period
presented the greatest water retention capacity, probably due to the
greater vegetation regeneration at this time, since in the dry period
the leaves fall can decrease the retention
Properties of adhesive apllied to panels from the substitution for lignosulfonate of the sulfite process
No full textConsiderando a ind\ufastria de pain\ue9is aglomerados, a maior
parte utiliza adesivos sint\ue9ticos, especialmente, \ue0 base de
ureia-formalde\ueddo, e nesse sentido, estudos que englobam as
caracter\uedsticas de materiais alternativas para a ind\ufastria de
pain\ue9is tornam-se importantes, especialmente quando se considera o
custo final dos produtos gerados. O presente trabalho teve como
objetivo geral avaliar as altera\ue7\uf5es na estrutura
qu\uedmica do adesivo que pudessem provocar poss\uedveis
modifica\ue7\uf5es nas suas propriedades ligantes em
fun\ue7\ue3o da substitui\ue7\ue3o do adesivo
ureia-formalde\ueddo pelo lignossulfonato. Para tanto, foi
determinada a composi\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica elementar do
lignossulfonato e suas liga\ue7\uf5es qu\uedmicas por meio da
espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV) e resson\ue2ncia magn\ue9tica
nuclear (RMN), puro e em composi\ue7\ue3o com diferentes
catalisadores; as propriedades da ureia-formalde\ueddo e suas
modifica\ue7\uf5es como pH, viscosidade, tempo de
forma\ue7\ue3o de gel e viscosidade. A an\ue1lise de RMN mostrou,
para o lignossulfonato, o mesmo padr\ue3o geralmente obtido para
derivados de lignina em suas liga\ue7\uf5es qu\uedmicas. A
an\ue1lise qu\uedmica elementar mostrou altos teores de Mg, Ca e
Na. A adi\ue7\ue3o de lignossulfonato sobre a
ureia-formalde\ueddo causou acidifica\ue7\ue3o no adesivo e
redu\ue7\ue3o dos valores de viscosidade. O efeito sobre o tempo de
forma\ue7\ue3o de gel tamb\ue9m foi afetado, entretanto,
verificou-se que a metodologia para esse tipo de pol\uedmero, deve
ser readequada em rela\ue7\ue3o ao m\ue9todo tradicional,
submetendo o mesmo \ue0 temperatura superior a 90\ub0C. Os
resultados permitiram concluir que \ue9 poss\uedvel a
utiliza\ue7\ue3o do lignossulfonato em substitui\ue7\ue3o ao
adesivo ureia-formalde\ueddo considerando o painel de madeira
aglomerada.Considering the agglomerated panel industries, most of them use
synthetic adhesives, especially urea-formaldehyde, and to this end,
studies covering the characteristics of alternative materials for the
panel industry become important, especially when considering the final
cost of the products generated. The present work had as general
objective to evaluate the alterations in the chemical structure of the
adhesive that could cause possible modifications in its binder
properties as a function of the substitution of the adhesive
urea-formaldehyde by the lignosulfonate. Therefore, it was determined
the basic chemical composition of the lignosulfonate and its chemical
bonds by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR), pure and in composition with different catalysts; the properties
of urea-formaldehyde and its modifications such as pH, viscosity, gel
time and viscosity. NMR analysis showed the lignosulfonate to the same
pattern usually obtained for lignin derivatives in their chemical
bonds. The elementary chemical analysis showed high Mg, Ca and Na. The
addition of lignosulfonate on urea-formaldehyde caused the adhesive
acidification and reduction of viscosity values. The effect on gel time
was also affected. However, it was found that the methodology for this
type of polymer should be adequate compared to the traditional method,
submitting the same to temperatures above 90\ub0C. The results showed
that it is possible to use lignosulfonate to replace the
urea-formaldehyde adhesive
Olfactory responses of Sitophilus zeamais L. to bushmint leaf powder and methanol extract on stored maize
Get PDFBushmint ( Hyptis suaveolens Poit) is a weed with pesticidal
properties that have been explored in managing pests of agricultural
and medicinal importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate
the repellence ability of Hyptis suaveolens to prevent infestation of
stored maize grain seed. The study involved evaluation of the olfactory
responses of adult weevil to maize ( Zea mays L.) grains treated with
5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations of leaf powder (LP) and methanol
extract (ME) of Hyptis suaveolens in the laboratory, with a static air
four-chamber olfactometer. Also, the insecticidal effects of the
substances on adult mortality and oviposition on maize grains treated
with LP and ME were determined in a completely randomised design, with
four replicates. The number of weevils in ME chambers decreased with
increase in concentration of extracts; while the LP chambers had
consistently fewer weevils with numbers, ranging from 2.5 to 3.75.
Adult mortality in maize treated with LP was the least and varied
between 0.00 (15% concentration) and 2.54% (20% concentration). Maize
grains with ME caused significant mortalities that ranged from 65.50%
at 15% concentration to 94.92% at 10% concentration. More eggs (3.5 to
5.75) were laid on maize with LP compared with ME treated maize.
Generally, ME was richer in phytochemicals than LP. Hyptis suaveolens
repellence manifested more in the form of LP than as ME; though ME
caused more adult mortality and reduced oviposition than LP.La menthe de brousse ( Hyptis suaveolens Poit) est une adventice aux
propri\ue9t\ue9s pesticides explor\ue9es dans la gestion des
ravageurs en agriculture et en m\ue9dicine. Bien que des donn\ue9es
sur son efficacit\ue9 contre les ravageurs de stocks soient
disponibles, sa capacit\ue9 r\ue9pulsive contre les insectes de
stocks n\u2019a pas \ue9t\ue9 suffisamment document\ue9e. Par
cons\ue9quent, les r\ue9ponses olfactives du charan\ue7on du
ma\uefs en stock trait\ue9 avec des concentrations de 5, 10, 15 et
20% de poudre de feuilles d\u2019H. suaveolens (LP) et de son extrait
m\ue9thanolique (ME) ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9tudi\ue9es au
laboratoire \ue0 l\u2019aide d\u2019olfactom\ue8tre \ue0 quatre
compartiments \ue0 air statique. De m\ueame, les effets
insecticides des substances sur la mortalit\ue9 des adultes et la
ponte sur les grains de ma\uefs trait\ue9s avec LP et ME ont
\ue9t\ue9 d\ue9termin\ue9s suivant un dispositif
compl\ue8tement al\ue9atoire \ue0 quatre r\ue9p\ue9titions.
Le LP et le ME ont \ue9t\ue9 analys\ue9s pour leurs compos\ue9s
phytochimiques. Le nombre de charan\ue7ons dans les compartiments ME
diminuait avec l\u2019augmentation de la concentration
d\u2019extrait, tandis que les compartiments LP avaient constamment
moins de charan\ue7ons avec des nombres variant entre 2,5 \ue0
3,75. Le pourcentage de mortalit\ue9 d\u2019adultes dans le
ma\uefs trait\ue9 avec LP \ue9tait le plus faible et variait
entre 0,00 (concentration 15%) et 2,54% (concentration 20%). Le
ma\uefs trait\ue9 avec ME causait des mortalit\ue9s
significatives allant de 65,50% pour une concentration de 15% \ue0
94,92% pour 10% de concentration. Le nombre le plus \ue9lev\ue9
d\u2019\u153ufs (3,5 \ue0 5,75) a \ue9t\ue9 pondu sur du
ma\uefs trait\ue9 avec LP, tandis que le nombre le plus faible
(1,0) a \ue9t\ue9 enregistr\ue9 sur celui trait\ue9 au ME. Des
concentrations significativement \ue9lev\ue9es de compos\ue9s
phytochimiques \ue9taient obtenues dans ME comparativement \ue0 LP.
Le ma\uefs trait\ue9 avec LP \ue9tait hautement r\ue9pulsif
pour Sitophilus zeamais, tandis que celui trait\ue9 avec ME causait
la mortalit\ue9 des adultes et r\ue9duisait la ponte
Distribution of potato viruses in Uganda
Get PDFViral diseases are among the major factors affecting potato ( Solanum
tuberosum L.) production in Uganda. Knowledge of the types of viruses
and their distribution levels in the country is vital for targeting
sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to assess
the prevalence and distribution of potato viruses in different potato
growing areas in Uganda. Virus diagnostic surveys were conducted across
the main potato producing regions and virus detection was done using
DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR techniques. The study showed that the most widely
distributed and economically important potato viruses were: PVS
(31-90.9%), PLRV (2.6-81.3%), PVY (7.1-54.5%) and PVX (8.3 -53.3%);
while the least detected viruses were PVM (18.2%) and PVA (9%). The
viruses were prevalent either singly or in mixtures. Up to 42.8% of the
samples were infected with one virus, 20.9% with two viruses and 4.2%
with three viruses; while no virus was detected in 31.3% of the
samples. Of the double infections, the PVY+PVS combination was the most
common and widely distributed (2.1-18.2%) in 12 districts; followed by
PVY+PLRV (1.8-21.3%) occurring in six districts, PVM+PVS (7.9-16.7%),
PLRV+PVX (2.4-14.3%) in 5 districts and PVY+PVX (2.4-4.4%) in 3
districts. Triple infections involving PVY+PLRV+PVS were recorded at
prevalence levels of 2.2-18.6% in six district. Altitude, temperature,
varieties and seed sources showed relationships with the variation in
the prevalence of the viruses. There were high virus prevalence and
disease severity levels in low altitude areas (1088-1334 m.a.s.l) of
mid-western sub-region (Mbarara and Lwengo), Central (Kibaale, Mubende)
and Mid Northern (Pader) sub region compared to high altitude areas
(>1600 m.a.s.l). The Virus risk Area Modeling results showed the
largest area (48.6%; 1,308,160 ha) at moderate risk of virus infection;
while 27.3% (732,305 ha) was at high risk of virus infection. Based on
the distribution level of the viruses, potato production could be
intensified in areas with less virus pressure mainly, in parts of West
Nile and Rwenzori regions.Les maladies virales sont l\u2019un des principaux facteurs affectant
la production de pommes de terre ( Solanum tuberosum L.) en Ouganda.
La connaissance des types de virus et de leurs niveaux de distribution
en Ouganda est essentielle pour cibler des strat\ue9gies de gestion
rationnelles. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait
d\u2019\ue9valuer la pr\ue9valence et la distribution des virus de
la pomme de terre dans diff\ue9rentes zones de culture de la pomme de
terre en Ouganda. Des enqu\ueates de diagnostic viral ont
\ue9t\ue9 men\ue9es dans les principales r\ue9gions
productrices de pommes de terre et la d\ue9tection des virus a
\ue9t\ue9 effectu\ue9e \ue0 l\u2019aide des techniques
DAS-ELISA et RT-PCR. L\u2019\ue9tude a montr\ue9 que les virus de
la pomme de terre les plus largement r\ue9pandus et les plus
importants sur le plan \ue9conomique \ue9taient: PVS (31-90,9%),
PLRV (2,6-81,3%), PVY (7,1-54,5%) et PVX (8,3% -53,3%); tandis que les
virus les moins d\ue9tect\ue9s \ue9taient le PVM (18,2%) et le
PVA (9%). Ces virus \ue9taient r\ue9pandus seuls ou en
m\ue9langes. Jusqu\u2019\ue0 42,8% des \ue9chantillons
\ue9taient infect\ue9s par un virus, 20,9% par deux virus et 4,2%
par trois virus; alors qu\u2019aucun virus n\u2019a \ue9t\ue9
d\ue9tect\ue9 dans 31,3% des \ue9chantillons. Parmi les doubles
infections, la combinaison PVY + PVS \ue9tait la plus courante et la
plus r\ue9pandue (2,1 \ue0 18,2%) dans 12 districts; suivi de PVY +
PLRV (1,8-21,3%) survenant dans six districts, PVM + PVS (7,9-16,7%),
PLRV + PVX (2,4-14,3%) dans 5 districts et PVY + PVX (2,4-4,4%) dans 3
les quartiers. Des infections triples impliquant PVY + PLRV + PVS ont
\ue9t\ue9 enregistr\ue9es \ue0 un niveau de pr\ue9valence de
2,2 \ue0 18,6% dans six districts. L\u2019altitude, la
temp\ue9rature, les vari\ue9t\ue9s et les sources de semences ont
montr\ue9 une relation avec la variation de la pr\ue9valence des
virus. La pr\ue9valence du virus et la gravit\ue9 de la maladie
virale \ue9taient \ue9lev\ue9es dans les zones de basse altitude
(1088-1334 m d\u2019altitude) de la sous-r\ue9gion du centre-ouest
(Mbarara et Lwengo), du centre (Kibaale, Mubende) et du centre-nord
(Pader) par rapport aux zones de haute altitude (> 1600 m
d\u2019altitude). Les r\ue9sultats de la mod\ue9lisation des zones
\ue0 risque viral ont montr\ue9 que la plus grande zone (48,6%; 1
308 160 ha) pr\ue9sente un risque mod\ue9r\ue9 d\u2019infection
virale; tandis que 27,3% (732 305 ha) \ue9taient \ue0 haut risque
d\u2019infection virale. Sur la base du niveau de distribution des
virus, la production de pommes de terre pourrait \ueatre
intensifi\ue9e dans les zones o\uf9 la pression virale est moindre,
principalement dans certaines parties des r\ue9gions du Nil
occidental et de Rwenzori
Genetic variability and character association for bulb yield and yield related traits in garlic in Ethiopia
Get PDFGarlic ( Allium sativum ) has for centuries been valued by humans for
food, culinary and medicinal purposes world over. The objective of this
study was to investigate genetic variability among garlic accessions
for yield, yield related and phenology traits in Ethiopia. A field
study was conducted at the DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center
during 2012, using 49 garlic accessions from the highlands of North
Shewa, East and West Arsi, Arsi, Bale and Sidama zones, which are among
the major garlic producing areas in Ethiopia. The experiment was
arranged in a 7x7 simple Lattice design, with two replications.
Accession were highly significant (P < 0.01) for days to maturity,
leaf number per plant, neck diameter, yield per plant, biological yield
per plant, dry weight above ground, bulb dry weight, dry weight
underground, clove number per bulb, and clove weight per bulb.
Heritability estimates ranged from 82.48% for clove number, to 6.46%
harvest index. High heritability, combined with high genetic advance
(as per cent of mean) observed for mean clove number, yield per plant,
biological yield per plant and clove weight per plant showed that these
characters were controlled by additive gene effects. Thus phenotypic
selection for these characters would likely be effective in variety
selection and development. Bulb yield per plant had positive and highly
significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations, with all characters,
except plant height and harvest index. Path analysis at phenotypic
level revealed that biological yield and bulb dry weight contributed
major positive direct effects to bulb yield per plant. These traits
showed positive and highly significant genotypic correlations with bulb
yield except harvest indexL\u2019ail ( Allium sativum ) est appr\ue9ci\ue9 depuis des
si\ue8cles par les humains \ue0 des fins alimentaires, culinaires
et m\ue9dicinales dans le monde entier. L\u2019objectif de cette
\ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9tudier la variabilit\ue9
g\ue9n\ue9tique entre les accessions d\u2019ail pour le rendement
et le rendement li\ue9s traits ph\ue9nologiques en \uc9thiopie.
Une \ue9tude de terrain a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e au centre de
recherche agricole DebreZeit en 2012, en utilisant 49 accessions
d\u2019ail des zones montagneuses du Nord de Shewa, de l\u2019Est et
de l\u2019Ouest d\u2019Arsi, Arsi, Bale et Sidama, qui sont parmi les
principales zones de production d\u2019ail en \uc9thiopie.
L\u2019exp\ue9rience a \ue9t\ue9 organis\ue9e dans une
conception de treillis simple 7x7, avec deux r\ue9plications.
L\u2019accession \ue9tait tr\ue8s significative (P <0,01) pour
les jours jusqu\u2019\ue0 la maturit\ue9, le nombre de feuilles
par plante, le diam\ue8tre du col, le rendement par plante, le
rendement biologique par plante, le poids sec au-dessus du sol, le
poids sec du bulbe, le poids sec sous terre, le nombre de clou de
girofle par bulbe, et le poids de clou de girofle par bulbe. Les
estimations d\u2019h\ue9ritabilit\ue9 variaient de 82,48% pour le
nombre de clous de girofle \ue0 6,46% d\u2019indice de r\ue9colte.
Une h\ue9ritabilit\ue9 \ue9lev\ue9e, combin\ue9e \ue0 une
avanc\ue9e g\ue9n\ue9tique \ue9lev\ue9e (en pourcentage de la
moyenne) observ\ue9e pour le nombre moyen de clous de girofle, le
rendement par plante, le rendement biologique par plante et le poids de
clou de girofle par plante ont montr\ue9 que ces caract\ue8res
\ue9taient contr\uf4l\ue9s par des effets g\ue9n\ue9tiques
additifs. Ainsi, la s\ue9lection ph\ue9notypique pour ces
caract\ue8res serait probablement efficace dans la s\ue9lection et
le d\ue9veloppement des vari\ue9t\ue9s. Le rendement en bulbes
par plante avait des corr\ue9lations g\ue9notypiques et
ph\ue9notypiques positives et tr\ue8s significatives, avec tous les
caract\ue8res, \ue0 l\u2019exception de la hauteur de la plante et
de l\u2019indice de r\ue9colte. L\u2019analyse des chemins au
niveau ph\ue9notypique a r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 que le rendement
biologique et le poids sec du bulbe contribuaient \ue0 des effets
directs positifs majeurs sur le rendement en bulbe par plante. Ces
caract\ue8res ont montr\ue9 des corr\ue9lations g\ue9notypiques
positives et tr\ue8s significatives avec le rendement des bulbes,
\ue0 l\u2019exception de l\u2019indice de r\ue9colt
Association of ERCC gene polymorphism with osteosarcoma risk
Get PDFBackground: The relationship between ERCC gene polymorphism and
osteosarcoma risk / overall survival of osteosarcoma is still
conflicting, and this meta-analysis was performed to assess these
associations. Material and methods: The association studies were
identified from PubMed, and eligible reports were included and
calculated using meta-analysis method. Results: Four studies were
included for the association of ERCC gene polymorphism with
osteosarcoma risk, and nine studies were recruited into this
meta-analysis for the relationship between ERCC gene polymorphism and
overall survival of osteosarcoma. The meta-analysis indicated that
ERCC1 rs3212986 (8092 C>A) gene polymorphism, ERCC1 rs11615 (19007
T>C) gene polymorphism, ERCC2 rs1799793 (A>G) gene polymorphism,
ERCC2 rs13181 (Lys751Gln) gene polymorphism were not associated with
osteosarcoma risk. ERCC1 rs2298881 (C>A) gene polymorphism, ERCC1
rs3212986 (8092 C>A) gene polymorphism, ERCC1 rs11615 (19007 T>C)
gene polymorphism, ERCC2 rs1799793 (Asp312Asn) gene polymorphism were
not associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma. Interestingly,
ERCC2 rs13181 A allele and GG genotype were associated with overall
survival of osteosarcoma, but AA genotype not (A allele: OR = 0.78, 95%
CI: 0.65-0.93, P = 0.007; GG genotype: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.65, P
= 0.02; AA genotype: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.45-1.04, P = 0.08).
Conclusion: ERCC2 rs13181 A allele and GG genotype were associated with
overall survival of osteosarcoma
Geographic variation and risk factors for teenage pregnancy in Uganda
Get PDFBackground: Teenage pregnancy is a global health issue with high rates
in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, teenage pregnancy is a public and
community health issue. Objectives: This study hypothesized that there
would be regional variations in rates, risk factors and trends of
teenage pregnancy in Uganda. Methods: Data were analyzed from the
Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS) in 2006 and 2011. The
outcome of interest was current pregnancy for females 15 to 19 years of
age at the time of the survey. Bivariate analysis was performed for
each year to examine the rate and trends of pregnancy by various
demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was conducted to
assess the association between teenage pregnancy and sociodemographic
variables. Results: Uganda\u2019s rate of teenage pregnancy increased
from 7.3/1000 in 2006 to 8.1/1000 in 2011. The East Central region
consistently had the highest rates than other regions. In 2006, teenage
pregnancy was significantly associated with being married, living with
a partner or separated, as compared to those who were single. Marital
and wealth status were also significant predictors of teenage pregnancy
based on the 2011 survey. Conclusion: The rate of teenage pregnancy in
Uganda is high and the trend demonstrated regional variation. Future
interventions could focus on regions with high poverty and low
education
Clustering time trends of breast cancer incidence in Africa: a 27-year longitudinal study in 53 countries
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the most common, frequently diagnosed
cancer with the highest incidence among female worldwide. Although the
incidence is decreasing in developed countries, it is on increase in
most of the African countries. Objective: This study aimed to identify
different time trends of breast cancer incidence among African
countries using latent mixture approach. Methods: The information
includes newly diagnosed breast cancer patients per 100,000 women for
53 African countries in a period of 1990-2016. Latent mixture modeling
was performed in Mplus 7.4 software. Results: The overall trend of
breast cancer in Africa was increasing. Latent mixture model with 5
clusters was estimated as the best using fit indices and linear growth
trajectories were specified for each cluster. Nigeria was the only
country which belongs to a cluster with negative slope indicating a
slow decrease in the breast cancer incidence; also, Seychelles was the
only country that showed a sharp increase over time. 31 countries
belonged to a cluster with a slope of 0.08, indicating that the
incidence of breast cancer is almost constant over time. Cluster 3
including Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cote
d\u2019lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Namibia, Somalia,
Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda and Zimbabwe and cluster 2 including Gabon,
Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and Congo showed a slow and
moderate increase in the incidence of breast cancer, respectively.
Conclusion: Providing health education programs is essential in African
countries with rising trend of breast cancer during the last decades