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Spatial Variation of Reservoir Properties in Onshore Dove Field of the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
No full textSpatial variation of reservoir properties in Dove Field, onshore Niger
Delta was evaluated using standard seismic and well log information for
six wells. Pattern maps, Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS), and
geostatistics Variogram, were used to determine the reservoir spatial
variation property. The result revealed a Porosity range of24% to 33%
signifying possible hydrocarbon pore volume with an all-round
interconnected pore space. Water saturation range 26% to 37%, with
regions above 35% are seen as Aquifer. Shale volume range is 10% to
40%, indicating a good and efficient zone of shaly sand dispersal.
Permeability range 600mD to 1600mD, with high permeability ranges of
800mD to 1200mD at the north-east section of the wells. High reservoir
deliverability is anticipated within the producing zone of the Dove
field considering its hydrocarbon pore volume as seen from the
comparison of the Net-to-gross range of 55% to 85%, with the shale
portion. The average values of porosity, permeability, shale volume,
water saturation and net-to- gross in the Dove field are 28%, 800mD,
13%, 32% and 85%, which are typical of the Niger Delta and can serve as
a basis for decision making in the Dove field
Potential of Adding Constructed Wetland/Fishpond to Waste Stabilization Ponds to Improve Helminths Removal in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
No full textA study was conducted to establish the potential of constructed
wetlands in Morogoro Urban District, Tanzania, to remove helminths from
wastewater. The standard wastewater treatment regime was failing to
effect reliable removal of helminth eggs and larvae from six wastewater
stabilization ponds. An alternative wastewater treatment regime for the
ponds, coupled with a constructed wetland and a fishpond, was devised.
Water, soil, and vegetable samples were tested for the presence of
helminth larvae and eggs in a time series design over one growing
season. From March to August 2014, experimental plots of carrots and
Swiss chard were irrigated with wastewater that had been treated by the
alternative wastewater treatment regime. It was found that the
alternative wastewater treatment regime coupled with the constructed
wetland and fishpond appeared to remove helminths completely. No
helminths were found in the wastewater after it passed through the
alternative system, and none were found in the market-ready carrots and
chard. Numbers of helminth larvae and eggs showed evidence of
seasonality, which is potentially useful knowledge for farmers in order
to avoid helminth infection: almost all larvae were found at the end of
the hot dry season. Monsoon rains followed and washed the helminth
larvae and eggs away and none were found at the end of the season
Evaluation of Serum Cd, Zn, and Cr in Male Cement Loaders in Benin City, Nigeria
No full textProduction of cement is a dusty industrial process and its effect on
the health of workers has been studied for many years. The aim of this
research is to study the effects of cement dust on serum heavy metal in
cement loaders in Benin City. The level of serum heavy metals:
Cadmium,, Zinc and Chromium of thirty(30) male cement loaders and
apparently thirty(30) healthy non-cement loaders (controls) were
measured using standard methods. The results revealed that significant
difference was observed in serum cadmium(0.4980mg/L) and
chromium(1.220mg/L) concentration of cement factory workers exposed to
cement dust when compared with control (0.4030mg/L and 0.03434mg/L
respectively) at p<0.05). Proper safety measures such as wearing of
face mask and workshop coat is thus advised to minimize the health
effects of the cement dust
Bacteriological Analysis of Water Quality in a Recreational Park Pond in Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textBacteriological analysis of a Recreational Park Pond in Port Harcourt
was investigated to evaluate the water quality of the pond for
recreational purposes. Samples collected from the pond were evaluated
for physiochemical and bacteriological study. pH showed a slight
alkaline range of 6.66 12 6.94 in sample A and D with a
temperature range of 28.6 12 29oC. Samples evaluated for turbidity
and salinity showed values of 0.309 12 0.784 NTU and 0.10ppt to
0.32ppt respectively. Similar bacteriological load ranging from 6.9
7 105cfu/ml 12 2.1
7 106cfu/ml was observed, with
coliform counts ranging from 3.4
7 105 12 1.3
7106cfu/ml.
Thirteen different bacterial genera were identified in total (
Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp.,
Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio
spp., Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus spp.,
and Staphylococcus spp). Escherichia coli was the most commonly
occurring group (14.7%) and Staphylococcus sp the least occurring
(2.9%). Varying levels of resistance was noted against the 14
antibiotics tested, with the highest resistance noted against
pefloxacin (55.9%) while the lowest resistance was against erythromycin
(2.9%). Majority of isolates (67.7%) however had MAR index values less
than 0.21, indicative of a source related to low antibiotic use.
Despite the association of potentially pathogenic bacteria with this
water body, the low level of drug resistance associated with these
organisms as well as the MAR index values, could point at these being
environmental rather than human strains. Further molecular studies
would be advised to confirm this
Evaluation of Vermifiltration of Cassava Effluent Using Earthworm
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the vermifiltration of
different cassava effluent concentrations using of earthworms by
applying standard methods. Results for physiochemical parameters before
treatment ranges from 3. 91 to 5.94, 28.6to 28.7(\u3bcS/cm), 12480 to
13999 (mg/l), 7900 to 9511(mg/l), 168 to 207(mg/l), 8068 to 9718(mg/l),
225 to 284(mg/l), 114 to 132(mg/l), 1040 to 1680(mg/l), 400 to
540(mg/l), 52 to 72(mg/l), 24 to 40(mg/l), 20 to 30(mg/l), 33 to
65(mg/l) for pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, TSS, TS, COD, BOD, Hardness,
chlorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, respectively, while
after treatment ranges from 6.45 to 10.1, 28.6 to 29, 12021 to
12621(\u3bcS/cm), 8100 to 9846(mg/l), 199 to 211(mg/l), 8299 to
10057(mg/l), 260 to 291(mg/l), 140 to 120(mg/l), 760 to 1160(mg/l), 260
to 440(mg/l), 48 to 62(mg/l), 22 to 39(mg/l), 19 to 28(mg/l), 31 to
60(mg/l) for pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), TDS, TSS,
TS, COD, BOD, Hardness, Chlorine, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and
Potassium, respectively, across the different concentrations (100%,
75%, 50% and 25%) of cassava effluent. It was therefore, observed that
the use of earthworm in the treatment of cassava effluent was
effective, though, it could not treat the cassava effluent to the
acceptable World Health Organization (WHO) Standards for irrigation
use
Effects of Climate Change on Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L. R. Br.]) Production in Nigeria
No full textThis paper attempts to examine the relationship between climate change
and pearl millet production in Nigeria. It discusses the origin,
distribution of the species with some of their properties including
production constraints in the Sub Saharan Africa and Nigeria in
particular. Northern states of Nigeria were found to be the dominant
producers of pearl millets with Sokoto state having a total cultivated
area of 747,580ha. Pearl millet was also found to be the major crop
amongst others, useful for minimizing the adverse effect of climate
change, hence facilitating income and food security among farming
communities. Major production constraint of the crop in the Sub Saharan
Africa, particularly in Nigeria is yield reduction and/or total crop
failure caused by erratic seasonal rainfalls, floods, failing soil
fertility and poor crop management practices. Biotic stress due to
weeds such as Striga spp as well as insect pests and diseases
pestilences is a constraint. Therefore, appropriate climate change
mitigation efforts to improve pearl millet production and enhance food
security should be adopted in the Sub Saharan Africa and Nigeria
Physical and Combustible Properties of Briquettes Produced from a Combination of Groundnut Shell, Rice Husk, Sawdust and Wastepaper using Starch as a Binder
No full textThis study investigated the use of agro-wastes for the production of
briquettes. Briquettes were produced from a combination of groundnut
shell, rice husk, sawdust and wastepaper using the 20:70:10, 30:60:10,
40:50:10, 50:40:10, 60:30:10 and 70:20:10 ratio. The feedstock of each
blend was fed into a square mold [60mm] and screw-pressed at 20 MPa in
a dwelling time of 60 seconds. Moisture content, density and combustion
characteristics (ignition time and calorific value) of the briquettes
were determined. Data obtained were analysed using appropriate
statistical tools. The moisture content of all the briquettes ranged
between 8 to 15%. The briquettes density was in the range of 800 to
900kg.m 123, while the calorific value ranged from 0.03 to 0.19 and
0.02 to 0.27 MJkg 121for Saw dust-rice husk- paper (SRP) and
groundnut shell-saw dust-paper (GSP) briquettes. The quality of the
briquettes in terms of density and burning time showed that 20%
sawdust: 70% rice husk: 10% paper combination had a higher relaxed
density of 387.4kg/m3, while on the basis of moisture content and
ignition time, 70% sawdust: 20% rice husk: 10% paper combination had
the least moisture content and ignition time of 16.7% and 18seconds,
respectively. RSP had higher calorific value, lower ignition time, but
less durability than GSP. However, the compressed and relaxed densities
of SRP and GSP briquettes were significantly difference (p<0.05).
The durability of the briquettes improved with increased starch
proportion. It can be concluded that production of SRP and GSP
briquettes is an effective and efficient agricultural waste disposal
technique
Performance Evaluation of Three Different Grasses for Use as Willows in Greywater Treatment in Semi-arid Ghana
No full textThe focus of this experimental study was to identify appropriate grass
for use as willows for greywater treatment in constructed wetlands.
Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemon grass), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant
grass) and Andropogon gerardi (giant bluestem) were planted
separately and watered with greywater for a period of fifteen weeks.
Growth measurements were recorded weekly and the quality of the
effluents from each of these grasses assessed using standard methods to
determine their treatment efficiency. Elephant grass recorded the
highest plant height of 88.9mm and the highest number of new leaves of
49, while lemon grass recorded the largest surface area of 5502mm2.
With regards to treatment performance, lemon grass recorded the highest
efficiency with reductions of 80% in TDS, 81% in NO3-N, 30% in PO4-P
and 82% in BOD. Except for BOD that was missed by elephant grass and
giant bluestem, all the other effluent parameters met the WHO
guidelines. A scaling up of the experiment for continuous greywater
feed and over a longer period is recommended in order to ascertain the
performance over time
Characterization of Coal obtained from the Sahelian Regions of Nigeria and Niger Republic
No full textCoal is the most widely available fossil fuel energy resource. This
work was carried out to compare the composition, Sulphur content and
combustibility of the Nigerian and Nigerien coal samples. Coal samples
were obtained from Enugu, Nigeria, Tahuoa and Agadez of Niger Republic.
Results indicated that, coal samples from Tahuoa (RS/T) and coal from
Agadez (RS/A) have highest percentage of fixed carbon (71.2% and 61.0%
for Tohoua and Agadez respectively), while the coal from Enugu (RS/E),
Nigeria, have the least percentage (49.2%) which made them to have high
fuel ratio enabling them to be more combustible, as determined by the
thermal efficiency test. The study revealed that the coal from Niger is
of higher grade with ease of combustion and less smoke as found in the
combustibility test
Effect of Magnetic Field and Moringa Seed Powder on Wastewater Treatment
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetic field (MF)
and moringa seed powder (MSP) on wastewater treatment. Wastewater
causes environmental and river pollution that are harmful to aquatic
animals and toxic to man. Domestic wastewater was collected from the
bathroom, University of Ilorin male hostel (Compound G). The wastewater
was divided into four portions. First portion was allowed to flow
through MF (100 mT) for 40, 60 and 80s. Second portion, 4 litres of the
wastewater was poured into 5 litres capacity containers and 100, 150
and 200 mg/L of MSP was added to each container with 2 replicates.
Third portion, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L of MSP was added to the wastewater
after the wastewater was passed through MF for 40, 60 and 80 s and the
fourth portion was the control experiment. Physical, chemical and
bacteriological properties of the wastewater were determined after 2
hours. The range of reduction in turbidity for MSP, MF, combination of
MSP and MF compared with the control experiment were 3.08-18.46,
9.00-23.08 and 20.03-23.08%, respectively. Reductions of total coliform
were 84.21-88.42%, 36.84-47.37% and 75.26-87.89%. The range in
reduction ammonia nitrate for MSP, MF, combination of MSP and MF
compared with control experiment were 2.96-9.63, 0.00-1.48 and
6.67-8.89%. The values of BOD were 0.82-7.14, 0.82-2.45 and 2.24-8.37%.
The results indicated that combination of MF and MSP reduced
physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the wastewater.
Combination of MSP and MF is recommended for treating wastewater before
discharging into rivers