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Socio-Demographic Determinants of Travel Motivation and Behaviour of Visitors in Nature-Based Destinations in Northern Nigeria
Full text linkThis study aimed to assess socio-demographic determinants of travel
motivation and behavior of visitors in nature-based destinations in
Northern Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was administered to 575
respondents at Chad Basin National Park; CBNP (69), Gashaka Gumti
National Park; GGNP (165) and Yankari Game Reserve; YGR (341). Data
were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Results revealed that
majority of the respondents at CBNP were males (72.5%), majority of the
respondents at GGNP were females (77.6%) and majority of the
respondents at YGR were males (53.1%). Visitors were majorly motivated
to come to CBNP for enjoyment of nature (27.5%) while source of
information about the parks revealed previous trip as the highest in
CBNP (29%) and YGR (36.1%) while GGNP recorded friends and relatives as
the highest (45.5%). They were majorly motivated to visit GGNP because
they wanted to be away from hustle and bustle of cities (33.3%) and
they were motivated to visit YGR for game viewing (33.4%). Furthermore,
there is significant relationship between travel motivations and sex,
marital status, education, occupation, nationality (P<0.01). The
determinants of travel motivations were monthly income, occupation and
nationality while the determinants of travel behaviours were the
socio-demographic factors except age. Game viewing and nature
attributes of nature-based destinations should be developed more as
these attributes motivate people to visit the sites
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Tolerance to Hyper-Osmolarity in Aerobic Glucose-Limited Chemostat Culture
Full text linkDifferent mechanisms contribute to regulate cellular functions in order
to cope with threats from physiological stress conditions. As a
fundamental response to balance excess water loss and restore turgor,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to increased osmolarity accelerate
intracellular glycerol biosynthesis and accumulation as a compatible
solute. This study assessed cellular response to sorbitol-induced
osmolarity in aerobic glucose-limited chemostat culture at various
levels of the glycerol flux. Cell number declined slightly without any
substantial increase in dry weight and total protein contents following
exposure to 1M sorbitol that lasted for 90 min. On the other hand,
total glycerol levels increased over time in different yeast
cultivations corresponding with enhanced glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) transcript levels, which led to a steady and
intensified protein product. These results support literature evidence
of accumulated intracellular glycerol regulation at different levels
and further increase curiosity to understand yeast tolerance in various
applications including bakery, brewery and wine making or leavening of
bread under different osmotic conditions
A Survey of Fish Fauna Distribution and Abundance in Gwaigwaye Reservoir Katsina State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study on a survey of fish fauna distributions and abundance in
Gwaigwaye Reservoir, Katsina State was carried out from May 2013 to
April 2014 to establish physical, chemical, and biological parameters
(fish) of Gwaigwaye reservoir. Four sampling stations were selected.
Some physico-chemical parameters were also determine to assess the
level of pollution of the reservoir using standard methods and
procedures which were correlated with the different fish species to
determine fish abundance and distributions. Analysis of variance
indicates no significant difference in fish fauna distribution and
abundance among the four stations (P>0.05). The result indicated
Fish fauna percentage composition were Tilapia zilli (17.32%),
Clarias gariepinus (16.17%), Oreochromis niloticus (15.27%), Lates
niloticus (13.80%), Bagrus. bayad (12.91%), Momyrus senegalensis
(9.90%), Labeo senegalensis (7.41%) and Synodontis clarias (7.28%)
Physicochemical and Mineral Analysis of Fish Pond Water; Implications for the Environment
Full text linkThis study examined the physicochemical parameters of fish pond water
to ascertain if they pose any risk to the environment after disposal.
Water samples were collected from metallic, tarpaulin and concrete
ponds from Anambra, Imo and Lagos states, Nigeria and analysed for
minerals and physicochemical parameters using standard analytical
methods. The results obtained were as follows; pH 6.30\ub10.06
\u2013 6.94\ub10.01, turbidity 40.00\ub10.01-315.00\ub11.73 NTU,
TSS 324.00\ub19.59 \u2013 1346.00\ub120.53 mg/L, TDS 24.2
\ub12.20 \u2013 45.6 \ub117.2 mg/L, hardness 18.6\ub13.9 \u2013
24.3\ub13.80, phosphate 0.12\ub10.01 - 0.23\ub10.01, nitrate
0.42\ub10.02 \u2013 1.17\ub10.01, BOD 1.43.33\ub11.41 \u2013
577.67\ub12.8, DO 27.67\ub11.41 \u2013 57.67\ub10.02, Zn
0.12\ub10.03-0.92\ub10.02, Cu 0.18\ub10.03 \u2013
0.53\ub10.01, Fe 0.24\ub10.02 \u2013 0.55\ub10.02 and Ca
0.19\ub10.02 \u2013 0.51\ub10.02. The results varied from one pond
to another depending on the residence time of the samples and the
nature of the pond. All parameters were within the established limit
for effluent disposal except biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)and
dissolved oxygen (DO)
Proximate and Elemental Analysis of African Star Apple ( Chrysophyllum albidum )
Full text linkThe proximate and elemental analysis of African star apple
(Chrysophyllum albidum) using standard analytical techniques was
investigated. The proximate composition of the plant showed the values
of 54.57 % for carbohydrate, 13.25 % of fat, and 3.85 % of crude
protein. The crude fiber and ash content indicates the values of 6.60 %
and 4.70 % respectively. The moisture content present (17.03 %) reveals
the possibility of having low antimicrobial activities of the plant.
The mineral elements present in different concentrations are Ca
(706.850 mg/kg), Mg (325.500 mg/kg), Fe (40.875 mg/kg), Cu (3.275
mg/kg), and Zn (4.625 mg/kg). The result shows that the fruit have
essential minerals required by human for normal life activities
Effect of Plant Population Density and Methods of Weed Control on The Yield of Pepper ( Capsicum annum L.) in Northeastern Nigeria
Full text linkField experiments were conducted at Yola and Garkida in Adamawa State,
North-Eastern Nigeria during the 2017 rainy season. In the Yola
location the experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm
of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama
University of Technology, Yola, and in Garkida it was conducted at
Garkida village in Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The
experiment was designed to study the effect of plant population density
and methods of weed control on the yield of pepper (Capsicum annum L.).
The treatments consist of three spacings, 25 x 30cm, 35 x 40cm and 45 x
50cm with four (4) different herbicides rates (No herbicide,
pyrithiobac sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha, pendimethalin 1kg a.i/ha +
pyrithiobac sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha and Haloxyfop 108g a.i/ha + hand hoe
weeding. The experimental design was a split-plot design replicated
three times. Spacing was assigned to the main plot while methods of
weed control as subplots. Parameters measured were weed density, number
of pepper fruits per plot, and fruit yield per hectare. All data were
subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate to the split-plot
design. The results of the experiment showed that herbicide pyrthiobac
sodium 65.5kg a.i/ha recorded the highest number of fruit per plot of
72.4 while herbicide haloxyfop 108g a.i/ha followed by hand weeding
recorded the least number of fruits of 50.1. The result of the
experiment shows that there was a significant effect on spacing in both
locations. Concerning yield per hectare spacing 25x30cm obtained the
highest yield per hectare of 945kg in Garkida, while the least was from
the Yola location which recorded 537kg. It was concluded that pepper
yield depends on the proper spacing and proper use of herbicide which
will suppress weed and increase yield significantly
Woody vegetation of semi-arid regions at different altitudes
No full textO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diversidade flor\uedstica em
diferentes altitudes na regi\ue3o do Araripe em Pernambuco, Brasil.
Metodologicamente, a regi\ue3o foi estratificada em tr\ueas
n\uedveis de altitude: inferior (at\ue9 600 m), intermedi\ue1rio
(maior que 600 e menor que 750 m) e superior (igual ou maior que 750
m). Foram inventariados nove fragmentos florestais, tr\ueas por
estrato altitudinal. Em cada fragmento, distribu\uedramse 20 unidades
amostrais retangulares, de 250 m\ub2 cada, totalizando \ue1rea
amostral de 4,5 ha. Nas \ue1reas amostrais foram quantificados,
coletados e identificados todos os indiv\uedduos lenhosos com
n\uedvel de inclus\ue3o de circunfer\ueancias a altura do peito
(CAP) maior ou igual a 0,10 m (CAP a 1,30 m 65 0,10 m).
Analisou-se, riqueza e similaridade flor\uedstica entre fragmentos e
n\uedveis de altitudes. Foram amostrados 6.987 indiv\uedduos,
distribu\ueddos em 35 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nica, 82 g\ueaneros e
153 esp\ue9cies. A regi\ue3o apresenta grande riqueza
flor\uedstica, com varia\ue7\ue3o entre e dentro dos tr\ueas
n\uedveis altitudinais, com tend\ueancia de aumento na diversidade
com a eleva\ue7\ue3o da altitude. A maioria das esp\ue9cies
apresentaram pouca plasticidade fenot\uedpica, com ocorr\ueancia e
abund\ue2ncia restrita ao fragmento ou altitude. Em pequenas
dist\ue2ncias geogr\ue1ficas foram diagnosticadas relevantes
varia\ue7\uf5es fitofision\uf4micas, o que corrobora a
import\ue2ncia da estratifica\ue7\ue3o de altitudes e
replica\ue7\ue3o de fragmentos na amostragem. Pelo n\uedvel de
degrada\ue7\ue3o antropog\ueanica e a intensifica\ue7\ue3o
das atividades florestais da regi\ue3o, faz-se necess\ue1rio e
urgente a cria\ue7\ue3o de pol\uedticas p\ufablicas voltadas
para pr\ue1ticas sustent\ue1veis no uso da floresta e seu processo
de conserva\ue7\ue3o. Para tanto, o negligenciamento a esta
problem\ue1tica, coloca em risco de extin\ue7\ue3o uma grande
representa\ue7\ue3o da diversidade vegetacional do nordeste
brasileiro.This work aimed to evaluate the floristic diversity at different
altitudes in the Araripe region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. For method
purposes, the region was stratified into three levels of altitude:
inferior (until 600 m), intermediate (>600 and <750) and superior
( 65750 m). Nine forest fragments were inventoried, three by
altitudinal stratum. Twenty rectangular sampling units of 250 m\ub2
each were distributed for each fragment, totaling a sampling area of
4.5 ha. All woody individual\u2019s quantification, collection, and
identification were performed with respect to the Circumference at
Breast Height (CBH) greater than or equal to 0.10 m (CBH at 1.30m
65 0.10m). The richness and the floristic similarity among the
fragments and altitude levels were analyzed. A total of 6,987
individuals were sampled and distributed in 35 botanical families, 82
genera and 153 species. The region presented great floristic richness,
with variation among and within the three altitudinal levels and the
diversity demonstrated to increase with the altitude. Most species
exhibited little phenotypic plasticity, with occurrence and abundance
restricted to the fragment or the altitude level. At short geographical
distances, relevant phyto-physiognomic variations were diagnosed, which
corroborates with the importance of altitude stratification and
fragment replication in the sampling procedures. Due to the level of
anthropogenic degradation and the intensification of forest activities
in the region, it is, therefore, necessary and urgent to create public
policies aiming sustainable practices in forest use and its
conservation process. To this end, the negligence of this problem puts
at risk of extinction a large representation of the Brazilian
northeastern vegetation diversity
Management of degraded natural forests in the Amazon: case study on harvest criteria
No full textEste trabalho trata de uma experi\ueancia inovadora em
rela\ue7\ue3o a crit\ue9rios para colheita de \ue1rvores em
floresta natural degradada na Amaz\uf4nia. A pesquisa foi
desenvolvida em 535,6 ha de floresta na Fazenda Shet, em Dom Eliseu -
PA, usando a base de dados do censo florestal referente a \ue1rvores
com DAP 65 25 cm. Os crit\ue9rios para colheita das \ue1rvores
consideraram, prioritariamente, os seguintes elementos: grau de
sanidade, qualidade do fuste (2 e 3), di\ue2metro m\ue1ximo a
permanecer na floresta (DAP < 100 cm), \ue1rvores de menor
di\ue2metro (25 65 DAP 64 55 cm), esp\ue9cies com maior
densidade de \ue1rvores por unidade de \ue1rea,
distribui\ue7\ue3o diam\ue9trica, segundo o coeficiente de
Liocourt, manuten\ue7\ue3o das esp\ue9cies intensamente
exploradas no passado e com popula\ue7\ue3o de \ue1rvores 64
0,15 arv.ha-1. Foram inventariadas 46.012 \ue1rvores, pertencentes a
106 esp\ue9cies, e planejadas para colheita 23,19% (10.671
\ue1rvores), aos 12 anos ap\uf3s a explora\ue7\ue3o anterior.
Baseando-se no planejamento da colheita e seguindo os crit\ue9rios, a
previs\ue3o de colheita em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0
popula\ue7\ue3o total inventariada teve como resultado: 2,16%
\ue1rvores pelo crit\ue9rio de sanidade; 15,45% pela forma de
fuste; 0,26% pelo di\ue2metro m\ue1ximo; 93,93% pelo menor
di\ue2metro; 57,50% pela densidade arb\uf3rea; e 5,04% pela
manuten\ue7\ue3o das esp\ue9cies. A colheita foi realizada em
98,79% das \ue1rvores com sanidade comprometida; 22,20% com fuste 2 e
3; 97,39% com di\ue2metro m\ue1ximo; 95,02% com menor
di\ue2metro; e 90,30% com maior densidade arb\uf3rea. Foram
mantidas 98,14% das esp\ue9cies Astronium lecointei, Cordia
goeldiana, Copaifera sp., Hymenaea courbaril, Hymenolobium petraeum,
<taxon genus="Handroanthus" species="serratifolius" sub-prefix=""
sub-species=""><sp>Handroanthus</sp>
<sp>serratifolius</sp></taxon> e Manilkara elata,
intensivamente exploradas no passado, e 98,70% de outras 53
esp\ue9cies com menor abund\ue2ncia ( 64 0,15 arv.ha-1). O
planejamento da explora\ue7\ue3o seguindo os crit\ue9rios de
colheita propostos possibilitou a extra\ue7\ue3o de \ue1rvores em
ciclos de 10 a 12 anos, sendo um tempo menor que o previsto pela
legisla\ue7\ue3o. A manuten\ue7\ue3o da diversidade de
esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas e a conserva\ue7\ue3o da floresta em
p\ue9, previstas com esses crit\ue9rios t\ue9cnicos, podem ser
alternativas para o manejo florestal ecol\uf3gica e economicamente
vi\ue1vel.This paper deals with an innovative experience regarding tree
harvesting criteria in degraded natural forest in the Amazon. The
research was carried out in 535.6 ha of forest at Fazenda Shet, in Dom
Eliseu/PA state, using the database of forest census for trees with DBH
65 25 cm. Criteria for tree harvesting considered, as a priority,
the following elements: degree of health, shape of stem (2 and 3),
maximum diameter to remain in the forest (DBH = 100 cm), smaller
diameter trees (25 65 DBH 64 55 cm), species with higher tree
density per unit area, diameter distribution according to the Liocourt
coefficient, maintenance of intensively exploited species in the past
and tree population 64 0.15 arv.ha-1. A total of 46,012 trees
belonging to 106 species were inventoried and planned for harvest
23.19% (10,671 trees) at 12 years after the previous harvest. Based on
harvest planning and following the criteria, the harvest forecast in
relation to the total inventoried population resulted in: 2.16% trees
by the criterion of health; 15.45% for the shape of stem; 0.26% by the
maximum diameter; 93.93% for the smallest diameter; 57.50% for the tree
density; and 5.04% for the maintenance of the species. Harvesting was
performed on 98.79% of trees with compromised health; 22.20% with stem
2 and 3; 97.39% with maximum diameter; 95.02% with smaller diameter;
and 90.30% with higher tree density. Were kept 98.14% of the species
Astronium lecointei, Cordia goeldiana, Copaifera sp., Hymenaea
courbaril, Hymenolobium petraeum, Handrohanthus serratifolius and
Manilkara elata, intensively exploited in the past, and 98.70% of 53
other species with less abundance ( 64 0.15 arv.ha-1). The
exploration planning following the proposed harvesting criteria allowed
the extraction of trees in cycles of 10 to 12 years, being a shorter
time than the one foreseen by the legislation. The maintenance of tree
species diversity and forest conservation, provided for with these
technical criteria, may be alternatives to ecologically and
economically viable forest management
Evaluation of land use and forest resources in the semiarid of Para\uedba state
No full textAvaliou-se o uso do solo e dos recursos florestais do bioma Caatinga no
estado da Para\uedba, de 1996 a 2018. Foram levantados dados da
cobertura vegetal e das caracter\uedsticas dos recursos florestais e
o seu potencial produtivo para a lenha e o carv\ue3o vegetal. As
informa\ue7\uf5es empregadas para caracteriza\ue7\ue3o do uso
do solo e dos recursos florestais da Para\uedba foram obtidas do
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\uedstica (IBGE), do
Minist\ue9rio do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e da Associa\ue7\ue3o
Plantas do Nordeste (APNE). A pesquisa foi explorat\uf3ria e os
resultados apontam a exist\ueancia de uma degrada\ue7\ue3o
cont\uednua da cobertura vegetal, por\ue9m os tipos de uso do solo
se modificaram ao longo dos anos estudados. Observou-se uma
altera\ue7\ue3o no uso das terras da Para\uedba com uma
amplia\ue7\ue3o das \ue1reas de matas/florestas e
redu\ue7\ue3o das \ue1reas de pastagem. O carv\ue3o vegetal e a
lenha foram os principais produtos do extrativismo. A Caatinga
paraibana perdeu mais de 46% da sua vegeta\ue7\ue3o, cerca de 2,40
milh\uf5es de hectares, mas observou-se o aumento do PMFS via
ado\ue7\ue3o de pol\uedticas p\ufablicas e
conscientiza\ue7\ue3o do mercado. As estimativas adotadas da
cobertura vegetal e do uso do solo da Para\uedba mostraram
sensibilidade e elevado grau de risco \ue0 desertifica\ue7\ue3o
do bioma, necessitando de a\ue7\uf5es conjuntas permanentes que
garantam o uso sustent\ue1vel da biodiversidade. Concluise que a
solu\ue7\ue3o efetiva vem da conscientiza\ue7\ue3o e da
pr\ue1tica do Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentado no semi\ue1rido
paraibano, proporcionando de forma mais eficaz a sustentabilidade do
bioma Caatinga.The use of soil and forest resources of the Caatinga biome in the state
of Para\uedbawas evaluated from 1996 to 2018. Data on vegetation
cover and forest resource characteristics and their productive
potential for firewood and charcoal were collected.The information used
to characterize Para\uedba\u2019s land use and forest resources were
examined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE),
the Ministry of Environment of Brazilian (MMA) and the Northeast Plants
Association (APNE). The research is exploratory and based on secondary
data and may contribute, in part, to the economic development in the
state. The results point to the existence of a constant degradation of
the vegetation cover, although the types of soil use have changed over
the studied years. The estimates adopted for vegetation cover and land
use in Para\uedba showed sensitivity and a high degree of risk to
desertification of the biome, requiring permanent joint actions that
guarantee the sustainable use of its biodiversity. It is concluded that
the effective solution comes from the awareness and the practice of the
Sustainable Forest Management Plan in the semi-arid region of
Para\uedba, providing more effectively the sustainability of the
Caatinga biome
Consequ\ueancias dos atributos dos solos na produtividade e reposta \ue0 seca do eucalipto em dois tipos de clima no Brasil
No full textO objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as correla\ue7\uf5es
entre produtividade e resposta \ue0 seca (RS) do eucalipto entre os
atributos do solo em dois tipos clim\ue1ticos distintos no Brasil.
Para isto, foram instalados 24 experimentos no Brasil com 4 clones
comuns em todos os experimentos para obter fortes contrastes
edafoclim\ue1ticos, e, desse modo, mensurar a produtividade e a
reposta \ue0 seca e descrever as suas rela\ue7\uf5es com os
atributos de solos. Foram avaliados dois grupos clim\ue1ticos:
amido (rela\ue7\ue3o precipita\ue7\ue3o:
evapotranspira\ue7\ue3o entre 1,0 a 2,5) e Sub\ufamido
(rela\ue7\ue3o precipita\ue7\ue3o: evapotranspira\ue7\ue3o
entre 0,5 a 1,0). Os atributos dos solos avaliados foram: Areia, Silte,
Argila, mat\ue9ria org\ue2nica (M.O.), capacidade de troca
cati\uf4nica (CTC). Para os s\uedtios localizados na classe
clim\ue1tica
amida, o VCCC correlacionouse negativamente com a
M.O. e argila, e positivamente com a Areia. Para a RS, as
correla\ue7\uf5es foram observadas para clima Sub\ufamido para as
vari\ue1veis CTC e Areia, e para o clima
amido, n\ue3o foram
observadas correla\ue7\uf5es entre os atributos de solos com a RS