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Current fertility desire and its associated factors among currently married eligible couples in urban and rural area of Puducherry, south India
No full textBackground: There are paucity of studies on current fertility desire at
community level. Objective: To assess current fertility desire and its
associated factors among eligible couples of reproductive age group in
Puducherry, India. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study
from 2016 to 2017 among 2228 currently married eligible couples
assessed socio-demographic and fertility-related factors associated
with fertility desire. Data were collected based on the National Family
Health Survey questionnaire. Association of fertility desire was
assessed by univariate and generalised linear regression analysis.
Results: Out of 1979 respondents, current fertility desire within two
years was 13.7% (95% CI, 12.3%-15.3%). Mean number of children (SD)
currently living and preferred was 1.77(0.851) and 2.11 (0.528)
respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the significant factors
positively associated with fertility desire include woman's age of
18\u201324 (APR = 2.91), 25-29 years (APR=2.48), 30-34 (APR=2.47),
35-39(APR=2.06), high socioeconomic status (APR=2.02), those without
child (APR=52.35) and those with one child (APR=35.60). Conclusion: The
fertility desire is comparatively lesser than other areas. Those
without or with a single child and high socio-economic status group had
comparatively more fertility desire
Public health implication of solid waste generated by households in Bekwarra Local Government area
No full textBackground: This study was conducted in Bekwarra Local Government Area
of Cross River State, Nigeria, to determine the public health
implication of solid waste generated by households. Methods: A cross
sectional descriptive design was employed, using a semi-structured
questionnaire together with an observation checklist to elicit
information from the respondents. Proportionate sampling was used to
select 400 respondents of 18 years and above for the study area. Data
collected were analysed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 and Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Results:
Respondents knowledge concerning solid waste disposal was assessed and
the results showed that majority of the respondents 193 (63.7%) had
high level of knowledge of solid waste disposal, while 170 (42.5%) had
average level of knowledge of solid waste disposal. Wastes produced by
households in the study include vegetables (95.5%), ash (94%),
clothing/ rag (94.2%), wood (95%), and animal waste (86.2%) had the
highest abundance. Diseases associated with these wastes produced by
households include cholera (18.2%), malaria (47.2%), lassa fever
(10.7%) and diarrhea (23.9%) with malaria been the most prevalence
infection. Conclusion: The result shows solid waste posed a serious
health hazard and lead to the spread of infectious diseases. These
issues can be addressed through health education and enlightenment of
the people on waste disposal
State of pedestrian road safety in Uganda: a qualitative study of existing interventions
No full textBackground: Pedestrians in Uganda account for 40% of road traffic
fatalities and 25% of serious injuries annually. We explored the
current pedestrian road traffic injury interventions in Uganda to
understand why pedestrian injuries and deaths continue despite the
presence of interventions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study
that involved a desk review of road safety policy, regulatory
documents, and reports. We supplemented the document review with 14 key
informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions with participants
involved in road safety. Qualitative thematic content analysis was done
using ATLAS. ti 7 software. Results: Five thematic topics emerged.
Specifically, Uganda had a Non-Motorized Transport Policy whose
implementation revealed several gaps. The needs of pedestrians and
contextual evidence were ignored in road systems. The key programmatic
challenges in pedestrian road safety management included inadequate
funding, lack of political support, and lack of stakeholder
collaboration. There was no evidence of plans for monitoring and
evaluation of the various pedestrian road safety interventions.
Conclusion: The research revealed low prioritization of pedestrian
needs in the design, implementation, and evaluation of pedestrian road
safety interventions. Addressing Uganda\u2019s pedestrian needs
requires concerted efforts to coordinate all road safety activities,
political commitment, and budgetary support at all levels
Inhibitory Studies of Peroxidase from Infected African Eggplant ( Solanum aethiopicum ) Fruit
No full textThe effect of two parameters: inhibitors (potassium cyanide, salicylic
acid and urea) and heat on peroxidase from the infected Solanum
aethiopicum grown within the Nsukka Area of Enugu State, Nigeria was
studied. The inhibitory and heat studies were carried out using
standard procedures. The thermal stability of the enzyme was monitored
using thermodynamic parameters after heating the enzyme over a
temperature range of 30-70\ub0C for 90 min. Potassium cyanide and
salicylic acid and urea inhibited the enzyme in a concentration
dependent manner. The inhibition of the enzyme by salicylic acid was an
indication that the enzyme is a heme-protein. A high half-life of 64.78
mins was observed when the enzyme was heated at 50 \ub0C for 90 mins.
The free energy change (\u394G) values of 55.142, 58.731, 60.472,
60.227 and 64.296 KJ/mol and entropy (\u394S) values of -196.45,
-179.07, -178.49, -195.66 and -195.43 were obtained. Similarly, low
Z-value was obtained. The thermal stability results implied that high
amount of energy was required to initiate the enzyme denaturation at
the temperatures studied
Needs Assessment in Intervention Programs for Rural Development
No full textThis paper offers an essential and pr\ue9cis introduction to the
subject matter: needs assessment and practice. It expounded the term
needs assessment, and showed the indispensable nature of the process
and why it must be undertaken for success of government or donor funded
intervention and projects that have relevance to rural development in
all sphere. The article also delved into germane subtopics as: when and
why to conduct a needs assessment; methods to conducting a needs
assessment; stages involved in carrying out needs assessment; and
models of needs assessment. It alluded to the fact that needs
assessments have impacted positively to the success of most
agricultural development cum rural development projects, but advocated
for it to be complemented with other relevant project management
processes in light of present realities. The authors suggest that
governments, project sponsors, development partners, and other relevant
bodies make it obligatory for implementing agencies to conduct
credible, verifiable, and inclusive needs assessment before releasing
funds for Projects and intervention purposes
Modelling and Production of Injection Moulded Polyvinylchloride--Sawdust Composite
No full textThis study focused on the modeling and production of the injection
moulded Polyvinylchloride- Sawdust (PVC-sawdust) composite. The PVC
material and sawdust were mixed together to form a homogenous mixture
with various percentage composition by volume as recommended by the
central composite design (CCD). The two screw plunger injection
moulding machine with maximum clamping force of 120 tons and shot
capacity of 3.0oz was used to produce Polyvinylchloride-Sawdust
(PVC-Sawdust) composite at various temperature. The produced composites
were evaluated for their mechanical properties which included tensile
strength, proof stress, percentage elongation and flexural strength.
The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effect
of the interaction of temperature, material type and percentage by
volume of material on the mechanical properties of the produced
PVC-sawdust composite. The optimization results for PVC-Sawdust
composite shows that the tensile strength, proof stress, flexural
strength and flexural modulus were maximized with values of 43.70MPa,
48.38MPa, 61.41MPa and 3.42GPa respectively obtained at barrel
temperature of 224.65\ub0C and polymer level of 61.46% respectively
while percentage elongation and average deflection were minimized with
values of 65.43% and 4.23 cm respectively. A desirability of 0.952 was
obtained which shows the adequacy of the model terms. The models were
validated using coefficient of determination (R2). The coefficient of
determination (R2) obtained ranged from 0.9213 (92.13%) to 0.981
(98.10%) which indicates that a substantial good fit was achieved by
the model developed. The values obtained from the validation of these
models were therefore found to be satisfactory, and shows good
predictability of the model and its adequacy
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Residential Power Backup Gasoline Generators in Nigeria
No full textThis study involves life cycle cost analysis of portable gasoline
generator brands mostly used for home power back up in Nigeria to guide
the citizens\u2019 choice during acquisition. A total of two thousand
six hundred and twenty electric power generating sets sampled from
seventeen cities in Nigeria were evaluated by direct
observation/descriptive experimental design. The evaluation parameters
include initial or procurement, operation and maintenance costs, fuel
consumption rate, operation period and residual value. Results showed
Tiger, Sumec, Elemax, Elepaq and Jinjing as the most patronized brands
of portable gasoline generators for home power back up in Nigeria major
cities while 0.8 and 2.2KVA constitute the most used power ratings of
the generators. Also 0.8KVA Sumec and 2.2KVA Elemax were revealed as
most cost effective due to their comparative low life cycle cost of
\u20a626, 810 and \u20a639,820 respectively
Influence of Organic, Inorganic and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas )
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and quality of
sweet potato under the influence inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15) at
the recommended rate of 130kg/ha, organic fertilizer (Pace Setter) at
the recommended rate of 3t/ha and organo-mineral fertilizer
(combination of NPK 15:15:15 and Pacesetter organic fertilizer) at the
rate of 1.5 t/ha. The fresh and dry weights of the samples were taken
after which their proximate analyses were done to determine the levels
of the quality determinants (moisture content, crude protein, ether
extract, crude fibre, Vitamin A and ash content) in them. At the end of
the experiment, harvesting was done to determine the yield per
treatments as well as the quality parameters of the leaves and tubers.
It was found that organic fertilizer could increase the quantity of
ether extract, crude fibre and vitamin A contents of sweet potato
tubers above other fertilizer treatments though organic fertilizer
competed with the control in increasing the ash and crude protein
contents of sweet potato tubers. However, inorganic fertilizer
increased only energy content of the tubers above organic and
organo-mineral fertilizer treatments. It is, therefore, concluded that
organic fertilizer should be used to increase sweet potato tuber
quantity and quality
Sensitivity Analysis of Road Freight Transportation of a Mega Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry
No full textRe-optimization can be very costly for gathering and obtaining more
data for a particular problem, to curb this very expensive investment.
Sensitivity analysis has been used in this work to determine the
behaviour of input parameters of the formulated problem. The main goal
of the study is to respectively provide, derive, observe, compare and
discuss the sensitivity analysis of data that has been optimized using
different methods of the optimal solution. The best method, saving the
highest percentage of transportation cost, for the formulated problem
is determined to be the North-West Corner method. This was carried out
by arbitrarily assigning values to the available warehouses to
determine the best possible demand and supply cases rather than the
initial cases. Thus, more cases are advised to be supplied to FID from
the Asejire plant for the optimum reduced value of transportation cost
Inhibition of Pipeline Steel Corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 Using Cotyledon of Chrysophyllum Albidum
No full textThe corrosion inhibition characteristics of Chrysophyllum albidum
cotyledon extract was studied as a green and sustainable corrosion
inhibitors for pipeline steel in acidic environment attemperatures,
303,313 and 323K using gravimetric technique.The results obtained
showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in
extract concentration but decrease with increase in temperature. The
extract attained an inhibition efficiency of 94 % with 5 g/L at 303 K
and 52.2 % with 1 g/L at 333K. Also increase in concentration of the
extract lead to increase in activation energydepicting an exothermic
process.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies showed
the mode of inhibition as adsorption of phytochemicals from the extract
on pipeline steel surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm best fitted
into the adsorption process which is spontaneous and physical