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Association analysis of four storage protein components using microsatellite markers in a japonica rice collection
No full textProtein content is one of the main nutrition quality traits used to
measure nutrition value in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Therefore,
improving the protein content is a main target for nutrition quality
breeding in rice. Previous studies have mainly focused on the total
protein content in brown and polished rice using bi-parental
segregating populations. Few researchers have focused on four different
protein component traits (glutelin, prolamin, albumin, and globulin) in
rice, and little is known regarding association analysis in natural
populations. In this study, 329 japonica accessions Oryza sativa L.
subsp. japonica Kato) were collected from worldwide geographic
distributions and genotyped using 154 microsatellite markers to detect
the association between four protein component traits and relative
markers in the tested panel. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method
was used to measure the phenotype of four protein components. A total
of 845 amplified alleles were detected with allele number ranging from
2 to 9. The whole population was divided into three subgroups via
software STRUCTURE 2.3.4. The scatterplot showed that the LD (linkage
disequilibrium) decay distance was about 30 cM in the whole tested
population. A total of 15 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were
identified by using both the general linear model (GLM) and mixed
linear model (MLM). These associated marker loci can provide a higher
variety of choices in improving the nutrition quality of rice. In
addition, the carrier materials with excellent alleles identified in
this study can be used as parental genotypes in rice molecular breeding
in the future
Effect of amino acid biostimulant on the yield and nutraceutical potential of soybean
No full textAdvancement in crop cultivation technologies strives to increase the
yield and improve the quality of crops under minimized threats posed to
the natural environment. Application of biostimulants is a treatment
which increases crop yield and quality particularly after plants
exposure to stress conditions. The objective of the work was to
determine changes in yield and nutraceutical potential of soybean (
Glycine max [L.] Merr.) \u2018Atlanta\u2019 after application of
biostimulant. A field experiment was conducted in three growing seasons
(2014-2016). Terra Sorb Complex biostimulant was applied in the growing
season in the form of single or double spraying in two concentrations
(0.3% and 0.5%). Number of biostimulant applications and its
concentration modified yield and quality of crop and also the
nutraceutical and antioxidative potential of soybean. Foliar
application of biostimulant improved yield of soybean (increased by 25%
compared to the control) without any negative effect on the nutritive
value of seeds. The application of biostimulant increased (compared to
the control) number of pods and seeds (32%), plant height (38%),
phenolic content (34%), flavonoids content (74%), and reducing power
(210%). Taking into account biometric traits of soybean plants,
positive effects were observed in the case of single biostimulant
applications with lower concentration. The conducted study demonstrated
a significant increase in the soybean yield and antioxidant potential
after double application of the tested biostimulant at higher
concentration. On the other hand, total fat and protein content was
higher in plants treated once with a lower product concentration
HortSyst: A dynamic model to predict growth, nitrogen uptake, and transpiration of greenhouse tomatoes
No full textThe HortSyst model is a new discrete time model for describing the
dynamics of photo-thermal time (PTI), total dry matter production
(DMP), N uptake (Nup), leaf area index (LAI), and evapotranspiration
(ETc) for greenhouse crops. The first three variables are considered as
state variables and the latter two are conceptualized as output
variables. This model was developed as a tool for decision support
systems in Mexican greenhouses for the application of N and water in
tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. The HortSyst has 13
parameters. It was used to calibrate the model and estimate the correct
parameter values for the crop season. An experiment was carried out to
test model predictions in a greenhouse during the autumn-winter season
in Chapingo, Mexico. Tomato \u2018CID F1\u2019 was grown in a
hydroponic system and plants were distributed with a density of 3.5
plants m-2. The tomato crop was transplanted on 21 August 2015. A
weather station was installed inside the greenhouse to measure
temperature, relative humidity, and global radiation. The HortSyst
model provides an excellent predictive quality for DMP, Nup, LAI, and
ETc according to the statistics. Values for bias (BIAS) were DMP
(-3.897), Nup (-0.071), LAI (0.026), and ETc (3.647), values for root
mean square error (RMSE) were DMP (14.543), Nup (0.500), LAI (0.100),
and ETc (39.330), and values for modeling efficiency (EF)were DMP
(0.996), Nup (0.991), LAI (0.998), and ETc (0.815). The model proposed
and described in this paper can be integrated as a decision support
tool for N supply and irrigation management in greenhouse production
systems
Behavioral and antennal responses of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to volatiles from the non-host plant Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae)
No full textLobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the grapevine moth, is one
of the major pest on grapes. Current control is based on spraying
insecticides and/or mating disruption technique, using female sex
pheromone, affecting only adult male\u2019s conduct. Behavioral active
compounds as plants kairomones influence the interaction of
phytophagous insects with plants, providing chemical cues to feed or
lay eggs. Through electroantennography (EAG) and olfactory experiments,
we investigated the role of volatiles of the non-host plant Schinus
molle L. on behavior of L. botrana. Steam distilled essential oil (EO)
from S. molle leaves was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to
mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant compounds were limonene
(17.61%), \u3b1-phellandrene (14.32%), \u3b2-caryophyllene (8.82%)
and \u3b4-cadinene (9.39%). Electrical responses of L. botrana at
1
7102 \u3bcg mL-1 EO were not different from control for females
(0.81 mV) and males (1.22 mV). At 1
7103 and 1
7104 \u3bcg
mL-1 EO we found a significant increment for females to 1.28 and 1.57
mV, and 1.28 and 1.69 mV for males, respectively. In tube-Y
olfactometer, at 1
7102 \u3bcg mL-1 EO the choice did not differ
from the control for females (P = 0.7630) and males (P = 0.4054).
Females were attracted to odor source at 1
7103 \u3bcg mL-1 (P =
0.0043) and at 1
7104 \u3bcg mL-1 (P = 0.0011). Males were
attracted to the dose of 1
7103 \u3bcg mL-1 (P = 0.0278) and at
1
7104 \u3bcg mL-1 (P = 0.0017). We found that non-host plant
volatiles elicited electrophysiological and behavioral responses and
that L. botrana can discriminate between doses
Effect of phenological phase of dry grazing pasture on fatty acid composition of cows\u2019 milk
No full textThe fatty acid content is a very important feature of the milk that
affects the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to estimate
cow\u2019s milk fatty acid composition in early vegetative, late
vegetative and reproductive phase, with the simultaneous determination
of the pasture biomass chemical and botanical composition. The research
was conducted on Agrostis castellana semi-natural dry grassland in the
vicinity of Podgorica, Montenegro. Cows were put to grazing during the
whole experimental period. This pasture was assessed as moderate to
good quality and botanically diversified. The chemical composition of
the grassland biomass changed with the maturity phase. A significant
increase in the content of DM, crude fiber, fat and a decrease in crude
protein content were determined throughout three phenological phases (p
< 0.05). The content of total milk fat did not show significant
variability during first two phases, but it did in the third phase. The
content of milk fat and protein was high in all phases, although it is
a dry pasture with a poor quality of biomass in the third phase. The
content of majority saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased with grass
maturity, while total content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)
decreased. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content kept the
same level up to the reproductive phase. The phenological phase
significantly influenced the content of fatty acids in the third phase
(p < 0.05). A notable number of SFAs, MUFAs end PUFAs had the
highest content in the second phase
Protocol optimisation for micropropagation of Ethiopian yam
Get PDFYam ( Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous tuber forming tropical
vine, which belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, and genus Dioscorea.
Yam is well known for medicinal properties, as well as nutritional
values. Conventional propagation of yam is limited by low propagation
rates; hence, in vitro propagation provides the best alternative to
overcome such limitations. The objective of this study was to optimise
a protocol for in vitro micro-propagation of Ethiopian yam ( D. alata
, bulcha variety). Explants were obtained from young leaves of bulcha
variety, and sterilised using different concentrations of NaOCl, for
different time exposures. Sodium hypochlorite (1%) at 15 minutes
exposure time, showed 100% survival of explants. The combination of 0.5
BAP with 1mgl-1 NAA was the best concentration for shoot induction. For
shoot multiplication, BAP at 1.5 mg l-1 gave the highest shoots per
explants (7.28\ub10.07), with shoot length of 8.72\ub10.43 cm. MS
medium with 2.0 mg l-1 NAA and 1.5 mg l-1 IBA gave the highest rooting
percentage and root number (10.6\ub10.44), with a root length of
13.80\ub10.44. In vitro acclimatised plantlets,which were transferred
to a greenhouse for hardening, had 90% survival rate on soil medium.
Thus, for micropropagation of bulcha yam variety, MS + 1.5 mg l-1 and
MS plus 2.0 mg l-1 NAA + 1.5 mg l-1 IBA is the best phytohormonal
combination for shoot multiplication and invitro rooting, respectively.L\u2019igname ( Dioscorea spp.) est un tubercule monocotyl\ue9done
qui forme la vigne tropicale, qui appartient \ue0 la famille des
Dioscoreaceae et au genre des Dioscorea. L\u2019igname est bien connue
pour ses propri\ue9t\ue9s m\ue9dicinales, ainsi que pour ses
valeurs nutritionnelles. La propagation conventionnelle de
l\u2019igname est limit\ue9e par de faibles taux de propagation; par
cons\ue9quent, la propagation in vitro offre la meilleure alternative
pour surmonter ces limitations. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude
\ue9tait d\u2019optimiser un protocole de micro-propagation in vitro
de l\u2019igname Ethiopienne ( D. alata , vari\ue9t\ue9 bulcha).
Des explants ont \ue9t\ue9 obtenus \ue0 partir de jeunes feuilles
de la vari\ue9t\ue9 bulcha et st\ue9rilis\ue9s en utilisant
diff\ue9rentes concentrations de NaOCl, pour des expositions
temporelles diff\ue9rentes. L\u2019hypochlorite de sodium (1%)
\ue0 un temps d\u2019exposition de 15 minutes a montr\ue9 une
survie de 100% des explants. La combinaison de 0,5 BAP avec 1mgl-1 NAA
s\u2019est av\ue9r\ue9e \ueatre la meilleure concentration pour
l\u2019induction des pousses. Pour la multiplication des pousses, le
BAP \ue0 1,5 mg l-1 a donn\ue9 les pousses les plus
\ue9lev\ue9es par explants (7,28 \ub1 0,07), avec une longueur de
pousses de 8,72 \ub1 0,43 cm. Le milieu MS avec 2,0 mg l-1 NAA et 1,5
mg l-1 IBA a donn\ue9 le pourcentage d\u2019enracinement et le
nombre de racines les plus \ue9lev\ue9s (10,6 \ub1 0,44), avec
une longueur de racine de 13,80 \ub1 0,44. Les plantules
acclimat\ue9es in vitro, qui ont \ue9t\ue9 transf\ue9r\ue9es
dans une serre pour durcissement, avaient un taux de survie de 90% sur
un milieu de sol. Ainsi, pour la micropropagation de la
vari\ue9t\ue9 bulcha yam, MS + 1,5 mg l-1 et MS plus 2,0 mg l-1 NAA
+ 1,5 mg l-1 IBA est la meilleure combinaison phytohormonale pour la
multiplication des pousses et l\u2019enracinement in vitro,
respectivement
Evaluation of tomato genotypes for tolerance to major diseases in Uganda
Get PDFTomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a priority vegetable in Uganda,
but due to its limited genetic base, its cultivated types are prone to
a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate new
tomato genotypes for resistance to major tomato diseases under hotspot
conditions in Uganda. Fourty-five tomato genotypes were evaluated for
reactions to tomato bacterial wilt, tomato bacterial speck, early
blight and late blight. The study was conducted for two rainy seasons
in 2019, at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge
in Uganda. Data for severity and incidence were collected at two-week
intervals after transplanting. Twelve genotypes (Nouvella F1, Rambo F1,
Commando F1, AVTO1315, AVTO922, AVTO1701, AVTO1219, AVTO1464, MT56,
ADV1287A, Pruna and Vega) exhibited high levels of tolerance to
bacterial wilt; while bacterial speck presented mild symptoms majorly
seen on Vega, Zodiac and AVTO9802. Rhino, AVTO1418, AVTO1314, Eureka,
Roma VFN, MT56, Pinktop, Assila F1, Money-maker, AVTO0922 and AVTO1464
were the least affected by early blight; while AVTO1219, AVTO1701,
ADV12021, ADV12076 and ADV1287A expressed low AUDPC values for late
blight. Overall, AVTO1315 was the best yielder (30.8 metric tonnes
ha-1), followed by AVTO0301 (29.0 t ha-1) and Nouvella F1 (26.1 t
ha-1). Among the tomato genotypes evaluated, we recommend AVTO1701,
AVTO0922, AVTO1464, AVTO0301 AVTO1315, AVTO1219, Pruna, Vega, ADV1287A
and MT56 for the national performance trials.La tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) est un l\ue9gume prioritaire
en Ouganda, mais en raison de sa base g\ue9n\ue9tique limit\ue9e,
ses types cultiv\ue9s sont sujets \ue0 une vari\ue9t\ue9 de
maladies. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait
d\u2019\ue9valuer des g\ue9notypes de tomates
s\ue9lectionn\ue9s pour leur r\ue9sistance aux principales
maladies de la tomate dans des conditions de hotspot en Ouganda.
Quarante-cinq g\ue9notypes de tomates ont \ue9t\ue9
\ue9valu\ue9s pour leurs r\ue9actions au fl\ue9trissement
bact\ue9rien de la tomate, \ue0 la tache bact\ue9rienne de la
tomate, au mildiou et au mildiou. L\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9
men\ue9e pendant deux saisons des pluies en 2019, au National Crops
Resources Research Institute, \ue0 Namulonge en Ouganda. Les
donn\ue9es de gravit\ue9 et d\u2019incidence ont \ue9t\ue9
recueillies \ue0 des intervalles de deux semaines apr\ue8s la
transplantation. Douze g\ue9notypes (Nouvella F1, Rambo F1, Commando
F1, AVTO1315, AVTO922, AVTO1701, AVTO1219, AVTO1464, MT56, ADV1287A,
Pruna et Vega) pr\ue9sentaient des niveaux \ue9lev\ue9s de
tol\ue9rance au fl\ue9trissement bact\ue9rien; tandis que la
tache bact\ue9rienne pr\ue9sentait des sympt\uf4mes b\ue9nins
principalement observ\ue9s sur Vega, Zodiac et AVTO9802. Rhino,
AVTO1418, AVTO1314, Eureka, Roma VFN, MT56, Pinktop, Assila F1,
Money-maker, AVTO0922 et AVTO1464 ont \ue9t\ue9 les moins
touch\ue9s par le mildiou; tandis que AVTO1219, AVTO1701, ADV12021,
ADV12076 et ADV1287A ont exprim\ue9 de faibles valeurs AUDPC pour le
mildiou. Dans l\u2019ensemble, AVTO1315 a \ue9t\ue9 le meilleur
producteur (30,8 tonnes m\ue9triques ha-1), suivi par AVTO0301 (29,0
t ha-1) et Nouvella F1 (26,1 t ha-1). Parmi les g\ue9notypes de
tomates \ue9valu\ue9s, nous recommandons AVTO1701, AVTO0922,
AVTO1464, AVTO0301 AVTO1315, AVTO1219, Pruna, Vega, ADV1287A et MT56
pour les essais de performance nationaux
Host-plant and insect-pest compensations, and microclimate as drivers for intensity of Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Arabica coffee-banana farming system of mount Elgon region, Uganda
Get PDFHost-plants and insect-pests\u2019 compensational relationships are
known to enable plants and insects to survive and adopt to changing
environmental conditions. In the mount Elgon region of Uganda, exists a
mosaical pattern of different coffee farming systems with increasing
altitudes, and their combinations create differing microclimates, which
influence host-plant and pest behaviors. The objective of this study
was to determine the host-plant and Toxoptera aurantii compensations
in Arabica coffee cropping systems of mount Elgon region in Uganda. A
two-year study on the coffee leaf biomass, T. aurantii numbers on the
leaf surface, and damage intensity of T. aurantii, was conducted using
72 Arabica coffee farms with mixed coffee polycultures (farming
systems). Two independent factors were considered; altitude as a major
factor and the farming system as the second factor. There was evidence
of significant host-plant and insect-pest compensations;
host-plant/microclimates, and insect-pest /microclimates. Linear
regression analysis revealed a - relationship (number of leaves /branch
/ T. aurantii numbers). A + relationship (number of leaves / branch
infested by T. aurantii / T. aurantii abundance). Also T. aurantii
abundance had a + relationship / RH or/ambient temperature). The
Arabica coffee leaves/ branch had a \u2013 relationship (ambient
temperature or/ RH). While the T. aurantii infested leaves /branch only
had a + relationship with RH. Regarding the soil variables it was only
soil temperature which had a + relationship with the number of leaves
/branch. The T. aurantii infested leaves /branch had a + relationship
(soil temperature or/soil moisture).Les relations de compensation entre les plantes h\uf4tes et les
insectes ravageurs sont connues pour permettre aux plantes et aux
insectes de survivre et de s\u2019adapter aux conditions
environnementales changeantes. Dans la r\ue9gion du mont Elgon en
Ouganda, il existe un mod\ue8le mosa\uefque de diff\ue9rents
syst\ue8mes de culture du caf\ue9 avec des altitudes croissantes,
et leurs combinaisons cr\ue9ent des microclimats diff\ue9rents, qui
influencent les comportements des plantes h\uf4tes et des ravageurs.
L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de d\ue9terminer les
compensations de la plante h\uf4te et de Toxoptera aurantii avec le
microclimat dans le caf\ue9 Arabica dans des conditions
d\u2019altitudes et de syst\ue8mes de culture diff\ue9rents. Une
\ue9tude de deux ans sur la biomasse des feuilles de caf\ue9ier, le
nombre de T. aurantii \ue0 la surface des feuilles et
l\u2019intensit\ue9 des d\ue9g\ue2ts de T. aurantii a
\ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e dans 72 plantations de caf\ue9 Arabica avec
polycultures de caf\ue9 m\ue9lang\ue9 (syst\ue8mes agricoles).
Deux facteurs ind\ue9pendants ont \ue9t\ue9 consid\ue9r\ue9s;
l\u2019altitude comme facteur majeur et le syst\ue8me agricole comme
deuxi\ue8me facteur. Il y avait des preuves de compensations
importantes pour les plantes h\uf4tes et les insectes nuisibles;
plante h\uf4te / microclimats; et insectes nuisibles / microclimats.
Une analyse de r\ue9gression lin\ue9aire a r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9
une relation - (nombre de feuilles / branches / nombres de T.
aurantii). Relation A + (nombre de feuilles / branches infest\ue9es
par T. aurantii / T. aurantii abondance). L\u2019abondance de T.
aurantii avait \ue9galement une relation + / RH ou / temp\ue9rature
ambiante). Les feuilles / branches de caf\ue9 Arabica avaient une
relation - (temp\ue9rature ambiante ou / RH). Alors que les feuilles
/ branches infest\ue9es par T. aurantii n\u2019avaient qu\u2019une
relation + avec le RH. En ce qui concerne les variables du sol, seule
la temp\ue9rature du sol a une relation + avec le nombre de feuilles
/ branche. Les feuilles / branches infest\ue9es par T. aurantii
avaient une relation + (temp\ue9rature du sol ou / humidit\ue9 du
sol)
Genetic evaluation and characterization using cluster heat map to assess NaCl tolerance in tomato germplasm at the seedling stage
No full textSalinity is a serious problem that limits crop growth and yield. The
present study used plotting to evaluate 25 tomato ( Solanum
lycopersicum L.) accessions for various morpho-physiological
parameters at the seedling stage and identify significantly
salt-tolerant tomato lines at three different salinity levels. The pot
experiment had a completely randomized design with three replicates in
a factorial arrangement under greenhouse conditions. Tomato plants were
exposed to 0 (control), 8, and 12 dS m-1 as NaCl stress at the seedling
stage. The morpho-physiological traits, such as root and shoot length,
root/shoot ratio, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh
and dry root weight, leaf area, Na+ and K+ concentrations, K+/Na+
ratio, and tolerance index, were recorded to examine salt tolerance.
According to principal component analysis (PCA), there were six
principal components (PCs) with Eigen values > 1 and 77.2% of total
cumulative variability. The PC1 (24.3%) revealed the highest
variability followed by PC2 (16.2%). Meanwhile, the PCA biplot and
cluster heat map analyses indicated that Subarctic, Raad-Red, Naqeeb,
Pakit, Tommy-Toe, and BL-1076 were salt-tolerant, whereas PBLA-1401,
PB-017902, CLN-2413, BL-1078, BL-1174, and BL-1079 were the most
susceptible accessions based on their performance under stress
Tomato genotype resistance to whitefly mediated by allelochemicals and Mi gene
No full textAllelochemicals and Mi, nematode\u2010resistant gene, are found in
wild tomato species and can provide resistance to insect pests. The aim
of this study was to check the resistance of tomato ( Solanum
lycopersicum L.) genotypes with different foliar allelochemical
contents (acylsugar and/or zingiberene) associated with and not
associated with the Mi gene against the whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci
biotype B). Fifteen tomato genotypes were tested for resistance against
whitefly (Santa Clara, TOM\u2010695, TOM\u2010556, TOM\u2010584,
TOM\u2010684, TOM\u2010687, TOM\u2010688, TOM\u2010759,
TOM\u2010760, ZGB\u2010703, ZGB\u2010704, TOM\u2010778,
TOM\u2010779, TOM\u2010780, and PI\u2010127826). Genotypes with high
acylsugar (AS) (TOM\u2010687 and TOM\u2010688) as well as those with
high zingiberene (ZGB) contents (ZGB\u2010703 and ZGB\u2010704) had
lower oviposition and a lower number of nymphs when compared with
genotypes with low AS and ZGB contents and without the Mi gene (Santa
Clara, TOM\u2010 695, TOM\u2010556, and TOM\u2010584). The genotypes
carrying the Mi gene, associated with low allelochemical contents, were
less preferred for whitefly oviposition compared with susceptible
genotypes with low AS and ZGB contents and without the Mi gene. When
both the AS and ZGB allelochemicals were present in the same genotypes
(TOM\u2010778, TOM\u2010779, and TOM-780), they showed a synergistic
effect; the number of whitefly eggs and nymphs decreased in genotypes
with high AS and ZGB compared with genotypes that had only one of these
allelochemicals. However, the number of whitefly eggs and nymphs of
genotypes with high AS and ZGB contents, individually or combined, was
less than for genotypes carrying the Mi gene. These results indicate
that allelochemicals are more effective than the Mi gene to provide
resistance to whitefly