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Heavy Metal Contents in Topsoil of Selected Public Primary Schools Playground in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study was carried out to determine some physicochemical properties
and heavy metals level in primary school playground located in Benin
City, Southern Nigeria using standard methods. A total of 10 topsoil
samples were collected from five primary school playgrounds from
different locations in Benin metropolis, Southern Nigeria in February,
2017. The mean levels of pH and EC ranged from 5.53 to 7.02 and 200.05
- 410.00 \u3bcS/cm respectively. The mean concentrations for heavy
metals ranged from 337.15\ub164.28 and 464.10\ub119.37 for Fe,
23.40\ub17.50 and 29.70\ub14.81 for Mn, 45.95\ub18.70 and
67.95\ub14.74 for Zn, 8.48\ub11.61 and 12.90\ub13.82 for Cu,
5.10\ub12.33 and 7.41\ub11.54 for Cd, 4.42\ub12.02 and
8.39\ub17.09 for Cr, 6.17\ub12.82 and 13.82\ub16.76 for Pb,
0.99\ub10.09 and3.24\ub13.73 for Ni respectively. Heavy metal
concentrations were in the following order. In Ogiegbaen, Eresoyen and
Ekosodin Primary schools (PS) playground, the order was Fe> Zn>
Mn> Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr> Ni while the order in Agbado PS and
Olua PS were Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cr> Cd> Ni and
Fe> Zn> Mn> Pb> Cu> Cd> Cr> Ni respectively.
Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF) and Geoaccumulation
index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the pollution status of the soil
Integrating Resistivity Techniques for Optimum Groundwater Exploration and Development within a Hotel Facility in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria
Full text linkThis work is an attempt to combine dipole-dipole profiling and vertical
electrical sounding techniques of electrical resistivity methods to
investigate the groundwater potential within the premises of a 3-star
hotel facility in Osogbo, Nigeria by delineating the geoelectric
layers, delineating the low resistivity layers, determining the
lithologies and hence, delineating the groundwater bearing zones. The
five vertical electrical sounding data were collected along two
pre-surveyed dipole-dipole traverses at right angle to each other
beside the fences of the premises using the ABEM SAS 300c terrameter.
The observed data were interpreted quantitatively using curve matching
and computer-assisted iteration method using the WinResist and Dipro
software. The results of the inversion show that the lithology
comprises of the top soil and an intermittent sequence of sand and
lateritic clay having varying resistivity and thickness. The aquiferous
layer was observed to be located at a depth of 23 m to 25 m due to the
low resistivity and high thickness of the aquiferous layer. The result
of the 2-D imaging closely correlates with the result of the vertical
electrical sounding. Thus, combining these techniques in groundwater
investigation has achieved similar result as the Werner technique and
has reduced ambiguity and error in positioning for drilling
Insecticidal Effect Of Adansonia digitata Stem Bark And Leaf Powders On Dinoderus porcellus
Full text linkThis study evaluated insecticidal activity of different doses of
Adansonia digitata stem bark and leaf powders on yam beetles dinoderus
porcellus. Obtained plant parts from Federal colloge of Forestry, Jos
were pulverized into powders. Phytochemical constituents of the plant
were extracted by Soxhlet extraction and identified using standard
procedure. Mortality testing was done by exposing dinoderus porcellus
to yam chips mixed with various doses of Adansonia digitata stem bark
and leaf powders. Yam chips without treatment served as the control.
The experiments were laid out in randomized complete design with three
replications. Data obtained were analysed using analysis of variance
(P 64 0.05). The result of the phytochemical examination of
ethanolic extract of A. digitata revealed the presence of saponins,
phenols, tannins and alkaloids flavonoids. The finding revealed the
superiority of yam chips mixed stem bark and leaf powders over the
untreated. The effect of plant extracts on percentage mortality showed
significant difference (p<0.05) among the treated and control. The
sample treated with 15g of A. digitata stem-bark powder gave the
highest mortality. The research hence recommends the use of 15 g of A.
digitata stem-bark powder in elimination of Dinoderus porcellus
infecting yam chips
Avocado \u2018Hass\u2019 leaf age affects life table parameters of Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions
No full textThe avocado red mite Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) is the most
important avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) foliar pest in Chile,
infesting \u2018Hass\u2019 avocado between mid-summer and late
autumn. The post-embryonic development, survival, longevity and life
table parameters of O. yothersi were evaluated on both young and mature
\u2018Hass\u2019 avocado leaves at 25 \ub1 0.7 \ub0C, 60 \ub1
5% relative humidity and 16:8 h photoperiod. The time for larvae,
protonymphs and deutonymphs to develop was longer on young leaves than
on mature leaves. The immature stage of O. yothersi was shorter (9.29
\ub1 0.22 d) on mature leaves than on young leaves (14.43 \ub1 0.28
d); O. yothersi also exhibited higher survival rates for larvae,
protonymphs, and deutonymphs on mature leaves. The net reproductive
rate (R0) 52.756 \ub1 1.749 individuals female-1; intrinsic rate of
increase (rm) 0.241 \ub1 0.002 female female-1 d-1, and finite rate
of increase (\u3bb) 1.273 \ub1 0.002 female female-1 of O. yothersi
were significantly higher on mature avocado leaves than on young leaves
(R0 = 2.727 \ub1 0.271, rm = 0.049 \ub1 0.004, and \u3bb = 1.051
\ub1 0.004). The time required to double the O. yothersi population
was only 2.872 \ub1 0.002 d on mature leaves. Therefore, life table
parameters of O. yothersi are negatively affected by young avocado
leaves, suggesting that constitutive defenses present in young leaves
could affect O. yothersi population parameters
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from Juan Fern\ue1ndez archipelago improve germination rate of endangered plant Solanum fernandezianum Phil.
No full textRobinson Crusoe Island, Chile, has one of the highest densities of
endemic plants in the world, however many of its native and endemic
species, such as Solanum fernandezianum Phil., are currently declared
endangered. Coating the seeds of native plants with locally sourced
plant-growth-promoting bacteria can be used as a tool for conservation
programs of endangered plant species. Isolation and screening of
rhizosphere bacteria from Robinson Crusoe Island resulted in the
selection of three bacteria: Serratia sp. RGM 2525, Raoultella sp. RGM
2526, and Pseudomonas sp. RGM 2607, due to their capacity of producing
indole compounds (30-45 \u3bcL mL-1) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) (5-10
\u3bcg mL-1). The effect of these strains on the seed germination rate
of S. fernandezianum was evaluated under five treatments: individual
inoculation of each bacteria, inoculation of a mixture of the three
bacteria and a treatment without bacteria (control). Inoculation of
bacteria improved the seed germination rate of S. fernandezianum
compared to the control treatment, with the bacterial mix as the best
treatment with 26.9% germination (p < 0.05), 10.2% higher than
control. Bioinoculants formulated with bacteria isolated from
rhizosphere soils could improve the seed germination rate of the
endangered plant S. fernandezianum
Influence of soil tillage system on soil compaction and winter wheat yield
No full textTillage systems can affect soil compaction, water content, soil
temperature, and yields of cultivated plants. This work examined a
Vertisol and the influence of the tillage system on soil compaction and
yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. The trial was
conducted in the vicinity of Po\u17eega, Western Serbia, from 2014 to
2017. Four tillage systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage, disc
harrowing, and no-tillage) were applied in the experiment. Tillage
systems have significantly influenced soil compaction, measurement
time, and soil depth. Mean soil compaction in 2016-2017 was 1.96 MPa,
which was 0.17 MPa lower than in 2014-2015 and 0.30 MPa higher than in
2015-2016. The highest mean wheat yield occurred in the conventional
tillage system (4033 kg ha-1), and it was significantly higher than the
yield obtained in other soil tillage systems. There was a strong
negative correlation between mean wheat yield and soil compaction. It
was necessary to apply complete soil tillage to achieve satisfactory
wheat grain yields on the Vertisol, which implies plowing and adequate
pre-sowing soil preparation
CHARACTERISATION OF POTATO VARIETIES COMMONLY GROWN IN UGANDA FOR FOOD PROCESSING SUITABILITY
Full text linkPotato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop for food and
income generation in Uganda. However, lack of data on the
physico-chemical characteristics of the major potato varieties to
support industrial-level processing is one of the major limitations. To
bridge the existing information gap, nine major potato varieties grown
in Uganda; namely: Cruza, Kachpot1, Kimuli, Kinigi, Mbumbamagara,
Rutuku, Rwashaki, Rwangume and Victoria were characterised to generate
information on physical, chemical and processing traits. The results
indicated that Kinigi had the highest dry matter (27.2%); whereas
Rutuku had the lowest (19.28 %). Most varieties had tubers of medium
size (50-60 mm), round in shape with medium eye depth. Kimuli recorded
the highest (0.55 g 100 g-1 FW) levels of reducing sugars; whereas
Kinigi had the lowest (0.02 g 100 g-1 FW). Cluster analysis separated
the varieties into three groups; group 1 included varieties Cruza,
Kimuli and Rwangume, which were found unsuitable for processing French
fries and crisps due to high levels of reducing sugars; but are
excellent candidates for preparation of mashed potato and salads. The
second group included Kachpot1, Kinigi and Rwashaki and was found
suitable for processing French fries, crisps and starch due to high dry
matter and low reducing sugars. Group 3 included Mbumbamagara, Rutuku
and Victoria and was found only suitable for production of potato
flour, mashed potato and salads due to low dry matter content and small
tubers.The information generated by the study is important in guiding
interventions aimed at improving the potato value chain in Uganda and
its contribution to socio-economic development.La pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) est une culture importante
pour l\u2019alimentation et la g\ue9n\ue9ration de revenus en
Ouganda. Cependant, le manque de donn\ue9es sur les
caract\ue9ristiques physico-chimiques des principales
vari\ue9t\ue9s de pommes de terre pour appuyer la transformation au
niveau industriel est l\u2019une des principales contraintes. Pour
combler ce manque d\u2019information, neuf vari\ue9t\ue9s de
pommes de terre cultiv\ue9es en Ouganda, \ue0 savoir : Cruza,
Kachpot1, Kimuli, Kinigi, Mbumbamagara, Rutuku, Rwashaki, Rwangume et
Victoria ont \ue9t\ue9 caract\ue9ris\ue9es pour
g\ue9n\ue9rer des informations sur les traits physiques, chimiques
et de transformation. Les r\ue9sultats ont indiqu\ue9 que Kinigi
avait la teneur en mati\ue8re s\ue8che la plus \ue9lev\ue9e
(27,2%), tandis que Rutuku en avait la plus faible (19,28%). La plupart
des vari\ue9t\ue9s avaient des tubercules de taille moyenne (50-60
mm), de forme ronde avec une profondeur d\u2019\u153il moyenne.
Kimuli a enregistr\ue9 la concentration la plus \ue9lev\ue9e
(0,55 g 100 g-1 FW) de sucres r\ue9ducteurs, tandis que Kinigi a
enregistr\ue9 la plus faible (0,02 g 100 g-1 FW). L\u2019analyse
typologique (Cluster) a synth\ue9tis\ue9 les vari\ue9t\ue9s en
trois groupes. Le groupe 1 comprenait les vari\ue9t\ue9s Cruza,
Kimuli et Rwangume, qui se sont av\ue9r\ue9es inadapt\ue9es
\ue0 la production des frites et des chips en raison de leurs niveaux
\ue9lev\ue9s de sucres r\ue9ducteurs, mais sont
d\u2019excellents candidats pour la pr\ue9paration de pur\ue9e de
pommes de terre et de salades. Le deuxi\ue8me groupe comprenait
Kachpot1, Kinigi et Rwashaki et s\u2019est av\ue9r\ue9 adapt\ue9
\ue0 la pr\ue9paration des frites, des chips et de l\u2019amidon
en raison de leur mati\ue8re s\ue8che \ue9lev\ue9e et de
faibles concentrations en sucres r\ue9ducteurs. Le groupe 3
comprenait Mbumbamagara, Rutuku et Victoria et n\u2019\ue9tait
adapt\ue9 qu\u2019\ue0 la production de farine de pommes de terre,
de pur\ue9e de pommes de terre et de salades en raison de la faible
teneur en mati\ue8re s\ue8che et des petits tubercules. Les
informations g\ue9n\ue9r\ue9es par cette \ue9tude sont
importantes pour guider les interventions visant \ue0 am\ue9liorer
la cha\ueene de valeur de la pomme de terre en Ouganda et sa
contribution au d\ue9veloppement socio-\ue9conomique
VALUE OF CORAPE PLANT AS FAMINE FOOD IN DARFUR STATE, SUDAN
Full text linkDarfur state of Sudan faces famine at different times, thus
necessitating a search for improved coping strategies. The objective of
this study was to assess the value of Corape ( Dactyloctenium
aegyptiacum ) plant as a food crop during famine periods in Darfur
state in Sudan. Atotal of 132 respondents purposely selected from
Alfashir, the capital of north Darfur were interviewed using a
semi-structured questionnaire. Also, key informants and focus group
discussions with local leaders of the area were engaged in data
collection. A total of 82.6% attested the existence of the Corape plant
in Darfur; while 49.2% confirmed its significance as a famine crop in
Darfur. Corape seed is used to prepare different types of meals and its
seed stores for 15 - 20 years. Corape vegetation is also used as animal
fodder, which according to 28% of the respondents can be stored for 6
to 12 months without significant deterioration in quality. This study
concluded that the Corape plant has a good potential as food and fodder
plant and can contribute significantly to household food security and
livelihoods of local communities, if the problems of storage and pests
were tackled.L\u2019\uc9tat du Darfour au Soudan est confront\ue9 \ue0 la
famine \ue0 diff\ue9rents moments, ce qui n\ue9cessite la
recherche de strat\ue9gies d\u2019adaptation am\ue9lior\ue9es.
L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer la
valeur de la plante chiendent patte-poule (Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum)
en tant que culture vivri\ue8re pendant les p\ue9riodes de famine
dans l\u2019\uc9tat du Darfour au Soudan. Au total, 132
r\ue9pondants s\ue9lectionn\ue9s \ue0 dessein \ue0 Alfashir,
la capitale du nord du Darfour ont \ue9t\ue9 interrog\ue9s \ue0
l\u2019aide d\u2019un questionnaire semi-structur\ue9. En outre,
des informateurs cl\ue9s et des discussions de groupe avec des
dirigeants locaux de la r\ue9gion ont \ue9t\ue9 engag\ue9s dans
la collecte de donn\ue9es. Au total, 82,6% ont attest\ue9
l\u2019existence de la plante de chiendent patte-poule au Darfour ;
tandis que 49,2% ont confirm\ue9 son importance en tant que culture
de famine au Darfour. La graine de chiendent patte-poule est
utilis\ue9e pour pr\ue9parer diff\ue9rents types de repas et ses
r\ue9serves de graines pendant 15 \ue0 20 ans. La
v\ue9g\ue9tation de chiendent patte-poule est \ue9galement
utilis\ue9e comme fourrage pour animaux et 28% des r\ue9pondants
ont confirm\ue9 que la vegetation de chiendent patte-poule peut
\ueatre stock\ue9e pendant 6 \ue0 12 mois sans
d\ue9t\ue9rioration significative de la qualit\ue9. Cette
\ue9tude a conclu que la plante de chiendent patte-poule a un bon
potentiel en tant que plante vivri\ue8re et fourrag\ue8re et peut
contribuer de mani\ue8re significative \ue0 la s\ue9curit\ue9
alimentaire des m\ue9nages et aux moyens de subsistance des
communaut\ue9s locales, si les probl\ue8mes de stockage et de
ravageurs \ue9taient r\ue9solus
FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION LEVELS AMONG AGRI-INPUT SUPPLIERS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkStart-ups and small-scale agri-input suppliers (AIS) play critical
roles in Kenya\u2019s agricultural development sector. Nakuru county
is the leading producer of flowers, potatoes, milk and vegetables in
Kenya; creating an enabling environment for AIS start-upsto thrive.
However, competition from established, medium and large-scale
agri-enterprises put them at risk of closure or inhibition of their
potential to survive the environmental turbulence and grow into medium
or large-scale enterprises.Entrepreneurial orientation (EO)
manifestations, in the form of proactiveness, innovation, and
risk-taking, among other internal aspects, are considered necessary for
any agri-enterprises\u2019 start-up success, as they positively
influence their growth and performance. The objective of this study was
to understand factors influencing EO levels among agri-input suppliers
in Nakuru County, Kenya.A study involving a sample of 137 agri-input
suppliers operating in Nakuru County was carried out using face-to-face
semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using
Principal Component Analysis, Quartile technique, and the Generalised
Ordered Logit (GOL) model. Overall, the variety of traded agri-input
products showed the most significant positive influence on EO levels,
followed by possession of business plan, partnership, customers\u2019
contracts and gender factors, in that order of magnitude. On the other
hand, years ofagri-enterprise operation and the number of agri-input
business owners showed negative influence on EO levels. The list of
prioritised significant factors is important in informing agripreneurs,
policy makers and socio-economic development agencies when designing
development programmes and strategies aimed at promoting
agripreneurship in Kenya.Les start-ups et les petits fournisseurs d\u2019intrants agricoles
(FIA) jouent un r\uf4le essentiel dans le secteur du
d\ue9veloppement agricole du Kenya. Le comt\ue9 de Nakuru est le
premier producteur de fleurs, de pommes de terre, de lait et de
l\ue9gumes au Kenya; cela cr\ue9e un environnement favorable au
d\ue9veloppement des start-ups pour FIA. Cependant, la concurrence
des entreprises agricoles \ue9tablies, moyennes et grandes, les
expose au risque de fermeture ou d\u2019inhibition de leur
capacit\ue9 \ue0 survivre aux turbulences environnementales et
\ue0 se transformer en moyennes ou grandes entreprises. Les
manifestations de l\u2019orientation entrepreneuriale (OE), sous la
forme de proactivit\ue9, d\u2019innovation et de prise de risque,
entre autres aspects internes, sont consid\ue9r\ue9es comme
n\ue9cessaires au succ\ue8s de toute entreprise agroalimentaire,
car elles influencent positivement sa croissance et ses performances.
L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de comprendre les
facteurs influen\ue7ant les niveaux d\u2019OE chez les fournisseurs
d\u2019intrants agricoles dans le comt\ue9 de Nakuru, au Kenya. Une
\ue9tude portant sur un \ue9chantillon de 137 fournisseurs
d\u2019intrants agricoles op\ue9rant dans le comt\ue9 de Nakuru a
\ue9t\ue9 r\ue9alis\ue9e \ue0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un
questionnaire semi-structur\ue9 en face \ue0 face. Les donn\ue9es
recueillies ont \ue9t\ue9 analys\ue9es \ue0 l\u2019aide de
l\u2019analyse en composantes principales, de la technique des
quartiles et du mod\ue8le logit ordonn\ue9
g\ue9n\ue9ralis\ue9 (LOG). Dans l\u2019ensemble, la
vari\ue9t\ue9 des produits d\u2019intrants agricoles
commercialis\ue9s a montr\ue9 l\u2019influence positive la plus
significative sur les niveaux d\u2019EO, suivie par la possession
d\u2019un plan d\u2019affaires, le partenariat, les contrats des
clients et les facteurs de genre, dans cet ordre de grandeur.
D\u2019autre part, les ann\ue9es d\u2019exploitation de
l\u2019entreprise agricole et le nombre de propri\ue9taires
d\u2019entreprises d\u2019intrants agricoles ont montr\ue9 une
influence n\ue9gative sur les niveaux d\u2019EO. La liste des
facteurs importants class\ue9s par ordre de priorit\ue9 est
importante pour informer les agripreneurs, les d\ue9cideurs et les
agences de d\ue9veloppement socio-\ue9conomique lors de la
conception de programmes et de strat\ue9gies de d\ue9veloppement
visant \ue0 promouvoir l\u2019agripreneuriat au Kenya
DIALLEL ANALYSIS AMONG NEW YELLOW MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND OTHER AGRONOMIC TRAITS
Full text linkYellow maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the important sources of animal
feed in Egypt. The national maize programmes uses conventional crop
breeding methodology, which depends on the development inbred lines of
maize from open pollinated varieties or other heterogeneous sources.
The objective of this study was to assess the general and specific
combining ability for nine yellow maize inbred lines and their crosses
for grain yield and other morphological traits, under Egyptian
conditions. Nine new yellow maize inbred lines, derived from different
yellow maize sources, were crossed in a half diallel mating scheme in
2020 summer season, at Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station Gharbia
Governorate in Egypt. The resulting 36 crosses, along with two
commercial check hybrids (SC 168 and Pioneer SC 3444), were evaluated
at three locations, i.e. Gemmeiza, Mallawy and Sids Agricultural
Research Stations of the Agricultural Research Center (ARC), in 2021
summer season in Egypt. Overall, the additive gene effects played a
major role in the inheritance of days to 50% silking, plant and ear
heights; while the non-additive gene effects were mostly responsible
for controlling the inheritance of grain yield. The parental inbred
lines (P1 and P2) possessed significant (P<0.05) negative estimates
of GCA effects for days to 50% silking towards earliness. The best
general combiners were inbred lines P2 and P6 for plant and ear height,
and these inbred lines would be good combiners for breeding to short
hybrids and low ear placement. Crosses (P1xP9 and P3xP4) had desirable
SCA effects and significantly out-yielded the two checks.Le ma\uefs jaune (Zea mays L.) est l\u2019une des principales
sources d\u2019alimentation animale en \uc9gypte. Les programmes
nationaux de ma\uefs utilisent une m\ue9thodologie conventionnelle
de s\ue9lection des cultures, qui d\ue9pend du d\ue9veloppement
de lign\ue9es consanguines de ma\uefs \ue0 partir de
vari\ue9t\ue9s \ue0 pollinisation libre ou d\u2019autres sources
h\ue9t\ue9rog\ue8nes. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude
\ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer la capacit\ue9 de combinaison
g\ue9n\ue9rale et sp\ue9cifique de neuf lign\ue9es consanguines
de ma\uefs jaune et de leurs croisements pour le rendement en grain
et d\u2019autres caract\ue8res morphologiques, dans les conditions
\ue9gyptiennes. Neuf nouvelles lign\ue9es consanguines de ma\uefs
jaune, d\ue9riv\ue9es de diff\ue9rentes sources de ma\uefs
jaune, ont \ue9t\ue9 crois\ue9es dans un sch\ue9ma
d\u2019accouplement semi-diall\ue8le au cours de la saison estivale
2020, \ue0 la station de recherche agricole de Gemmeiza, dans le
gouvernorat de Gharbia, en \uc9gypte. Les 36 croisements
r\ue9sultants, ainsi que deux hybrides t\ue9moins commerciaux (SC
168 et Pioneer SC 3444), ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9s \ue0
trois endroits, \ue0 savoir les stations de recherche agricole de
Gemmeiza, Mallawy et Sids du Centre de recherche agricole (ARC), au
cours de la saison estivale 2021 en \uc9gypte. Dans l\u2019ensemble,
les effets additifs des g\ue8nes ont jou\ue9 un r\uf4le majeur
dans l\u2019h\ue9r\ue9dit\ue9 des jours \ue0 50\ua0%
d\u2019apparition des soies, des hauteurs de plantes et
d\u2019\ue9pis\ua0; tandis que les effets g\ue9n\ue9tiques non
additifs \ue9taient principalement responsables du contr\uf4le de
l\u2019h\ue9r\ue9dit\ue9 du rendement en grain. Les lign\ue9es
consanguines parentales (P1 et P2) poss\ue9daient des estimations
n\ue9gatives significatives (P <0,05) des effets de la GCA pendant
des jours jusqu\u2019\ue0 50\ua0% de soyage vers la
pr\ue9cocit\ue9. Les meilleurs combineurs g\ue9n\ue9raux
\ue9taient les lign\ue9es consanguines P2 et P6 pour la hauteur des
plantes et des \ue9pis, et ces lign\ue9es consanguines seraient de
bons combinateurs pour la reproduction d\u2019hybrides courts et le
placement des oreilles basses. Les croisements (P1xP9 et P3xP4) ont eu
des effets SCA souhaitables et ont nettement d\ue9pass\ue9 les deux
contr\uf4les