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Effects of cattle gazing on cloud forests in S\ue3o Joaquim National Park, Santa Catarina state, Brazil
No full textA pecu\ue1ria \ue9 a atividade econ\uf4mica muito comum do
Planalto Catarinense e, talvez por isso, poderia ser a que desempenha a
maior perturba\ue7\ue3o nos remanescentes de florestas nebulares
(FN). Frente \ue0 abrang\ueancia deste impacto e a
inexist\ueancia de estudos que avaliem a magnitude desta
perturba\ue7\ue3o, foram investigadas as mudan\ue7as na
composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica e estrutura do componente
arb\uf3reo em uma cronossequ\ueancia das FN em diferentes
n\uedveis de intensidade de pastoreio (fraco, m\ue9dio, forte e com
abandono) em \ue1reas privadas n\ue3o desapropriadas do Parque
Nacional de S\ue3o Joaquim, Urubici - SC. Oito parcelas de 1.000/m2
foram instaladas nas FN (seis \ue1reas pr\uf3ximas e dentro de um
mesmo fragmento de encosta e duas \ue1reas de floresta em
est\ue1gio inicial fora deste fragmento) e amostradas todas as
esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas (arbustos e \ue1rvores) em duas classes
de tamanho (Cl.1 = Alt > 0,2 m e DAP < 1,9 cm e Cl.2 = DAP
65 1,9 cm). A maioria das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas foi
tolerante aos n\uedveis baixos e intermedi\ue1rios de pastoreio e,
por isso, poucos padr\uf5es flor\uedsticos foram revelados entre as
florestas secund\ue1rias, exceto nos estandes bem jovens e os mais
antigos. De forma geral, o pastoreio intenso no sub-bosque alterou mais
a composi\ue7\ue3o e estrutura do componente regenerativo (Cl.1) do
que as plantas j\ue1 estabelecidas (Cl.2). No entanto, o uso da
restaura\ue7\ue3o passiva parece ser suficiente para
recupera\ue7\ue3o das FN n\ue3o fortemente impactadas pelo
pastoreio no Planalto Catarinense.The cattle grazing is a common economic activity on montane forests
(MFs) in subtropical highlands of Santa Catarina state, southern
Brazil. There is no study on this impact on MFs. The aim of this study
was to investigate changes in floristic and structure in the
MFs(~1,700m.a.s.l) with different successional and levels of impact of
cattle grazing in farms not expropriated located in S\ue3o Joaquim
National Park. Six plots with 1000/m2 were installed in the same
mountain side (small variations in environmental conditions among
sites) and two areas around the mountain. All arboreal component
(shrubs and trees) in two classes (A= height>0,2m e DBH<1,9 cm e
B= DBH 651,9cm) were sampled. Most arboreal species of MFs tend to
be tolerant of low and intermediate levels of cattle grazing. Species
richness was higher in MFs with low and medium intensity impact
grazing. Most other structural attributes varied their response to
grazing levels and successional stage of the forest. In general, the
intense grazing in understory changed over the composition and
structure of the regenerative component (Alt> 0.2m and DAP
<1.9cm) than with larger plants. To promote sustainable grazing
systems in Legal Reserve Areas, many studies are still needed. However,
passive restoration has proven effective to restore cloud forests which
suffer the impact of with cattle grazing
Composition and structure of primary forest affected by forest fire in Eastern Amazon
No full textA din\ue2mica da composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica de uma
\ue1rea de floresta prim\ue1ria, atingida por fogo, em 1997, na
Amaz\uf4nia brasileira, foi analisada, comparando-se dados de
invent\ue1rios amostrais, realizados nos anos de 1983, 1987, 1989,
1995, 2008 e 2012, em 12 parcelas permanentes de 0,25 hectares, com
dados anteriores (14 anos) e posteriores ao inc\ueandio (15 anos). A
\ue1rea de estudo est\ue1 localizada em uma floresta ombr\uf3fila
densa, sem hist\uf3rico de dist\ufarbios antr\uf3picos, na
Floresta Nacional do Tapaj\uf3s, oeste do estado do Par\ue1. As
quest\uf5es deste estudo s\ue3o as seguintes: (1) Qual o efeito de
um primeiro inc\ueandio na composi\ue7\ue3o de esp\ue9cies
arb\uf3reas de uma floresta prim\ue1ria na Amaz\uf4nia? (2)
Existe diferen\ue7a, na diversidade de esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas,
antes e ap\uf3s o fogo? Para responder essas quest\uf5es, (i) foram
descritas, quantificadas e comparadas a composi\ue7\ue3o de
esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas de antes e depois o fogo, (ii) foram
quantificadas e comparadas a riqueza e a diversidade de esp\ue9cies
arb\uf3reas de antes e ap\uf3s o fogo. Ap\uf3s 15 anos da
ocorr\ueancia do inc\ueandio, a floresta n\ue3o registrou perdas
em riqueza e diversidade de esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas, indicando boa
resili\ueancia ao dist\ufarbio. As altera\ue7\uf5es
p\uf3s-fogo na composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica de uma floresta
prim\ue1ria s\ue3o definidas, principalmente, pela entrada e
sa\uedda de esp\ue9cies localmente raras, e as esp\ue9cies com
maior densidade e \ue1rea basal s\ue3o respons\ue1veis pela
manuten\ue7\ue3o da estrutura da floresta, destacando-se dentre
elas: Rinorea guianensis Aubl. e Protium apiculatum Swart.The floristic composition dynamics of a primary forest in the Brazilian
Amazon, which was affected by fire in 1997, was analyzed by comparing
data from sample inventories carried out in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1995,
2008 and 2012 in 12 plots of 0.25 ha each including therefore previous
(14 years) and post-fire (15 years) periods. The study area is located
in an area of dense ombrophilous forest, unaffected by anthropogenic
disturbances, in the Tapaj\uf3s National Forest, Par\ue1 state,
Brazil. The questions of this study are the following: (1) What is the
effect of a fire on the tree species composition of a mature forest in
the Amazon? (2) Is there a difference in the diversity of tree species
between before and after fire? To answer these questions, (i) the
pre-and post-fire tree species composition were described, quantified
and compared, and (ii) the richness and diversity of pre-and post-fire
tree species were quantified and compared. After 15 years of fire, the
forest had no loss in richness and diversity of tree species,
indicating good resilience to the fire disturbance. The post-fire
changes in the floristic composition of this primary forest are mainly
driven by the gain and loss of locally rare species. Furthermore, some
tree species with higher density and basal area were responsible for
the maintenance of the forest structure, especially Rinorea guianensis
Aubl. and Protium apiculatum Swart
Hydropriming of seeds of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. and its effects on the tolerance to the saline stress conditions
No full textA salinidade \ue9 um dos principais estresses abi\uf3ticos que
afeta a germina\ue7\ue3o e crescimento de plantas em regi\uf5es
\ue1ridas e semi\ue1ridas. Sendo assim, algumas t\ue9cnicas
alternativas podem ser utilizadas para amenizar os efeitos negativos da
exposi\ue7\ue3o ao sal, dentre elas, o hidrocondicionamento, que
consiste na embebi\ue7\ue3o controlada das sementes, suficiente
para promover a ativa\ue7\ue3o das fases iniciais da
germina\ue7\ue3o (fases I e II), sem que ocorra protrus\ue3o da
raiz prim\ue1ria. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do
hidrocondicionamento na germina\ue7\ue3o e vigor de sementes de
Piptadenia moniliformis submetidas ao estresse salino. Para
determina\ue7\ue3o do tempo de hidrocondicionamento, realizou-se a
curva de embebi\ue7\ue3o, cujo tempo escolhido foi de 38 horas.
Para simula\ue7\ue3o do estresse salino durante a
germina\ue7\ue3o de sementes, prepararam-se solu\ue7\uf5es com
o cloreto de s\uf3dio (NaCl) nos potenciais -0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2
MPa. O teste de germina\ue7\ue3o foi realizado com sementes
hidrocondicionadas e n\ue3o-hidrocondicionadas, semeadas em folhas de
papel germitest\uae umedecidos com as solu\ue7\uf5es salinas e
mantidos em c\ue2mara de germina\ue7\ue3o tipo B.O.D.
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) a 25\ub0C, durante 21 dias. O
delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema
fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es de 25 sementes, sendo o
primeiro fator formado por sementes hidrocondicionadas e
n\ue3o-hidrocondicionadas e o segundo aos potenciais do estresse
salino (-0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2 MPa). As vari\ue1veis analisadas
foram: germina\ue7\ue3o, \uedndice de velocidade de
germina\ue7\ue3o, altura de pl\ue2ntulas, comprimento de raiz e
massa seca de pl\ue2ntulas. O hidrocondicionamento reduz os efeitos
negativos do estresse salino sobre o vigor das sementes de P.
moniliformis, at\ue9 o limite de at\ue9 -0,9 MPa.Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses affecting the germination
and growth of plants in arid and semiarid regions. In this context,
some alternative techniques can be used to mitigate the negative
effects of the exposure to salts, including seed hydropriming, which
consists in the controlled imbibition of the seeds, sufficient to
promote the activation of the initial stages of the germination (stages
I and II) without leading to primary root protrusion. This study aimed
to evaluate the effect of hydropriming on the germination and vigor of
Piptadenia moniliformis seeds subjected to salt stress. Hydropriming
time was determined based on the construction of an imbibition curve,
and the time chosen was 38 hours. To simulate the salt stress during
the seed germination, solutions were prepared with sodium chloride
(NaCl) at potentials of -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa. The germination
test was performed with hydroprimed and non-hydroprimed seeds, sown on
Germitest\uae paper sheets moistened with saline solutions and kept
in a B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) germination chamber at
25\ub0C for 21 days. The experimental design was completely
randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates of 25
seeds, in which the first factor was formed by hydroprimed and
non-hydroprimed seeds, whereas the second factor corresponded to the
salt stress potentials (-0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa). The variables
analyzed were: germination, germination speed index, seedling height,
root length and seedling dry mass. Hydropriming reduces the negative
effects of salt stress on the vigor of Piptadenia moniliformis seeds,
up to the limit of -0.9 MPa
Soil chemical properties in forestry plantations replacing native vegetation in high-altitude grasslands
No full textOs plantios de esp\ue9cies florestais ex\uf3ticas v\ueam
aumentando em \ue1reas cobertas por vegeta\ue7\ue3o nativa na
regi\ue3o nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, o que pode alterar as
din\ue2micas dos nutrientes no solo. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste
estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da mudan\ue7a de uso da terra sobre pH
e teores de carbono org\ue2nico total (COT), Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e K+ em
Cambissolo H\ufamico, em plantios realizados em \ue1rea de campo
nativo. As \ue1reas analisadas foram pinus plantado em 1963 (P) e
eucalipto em 1991 (E), comparativamente a \ue1reas adjacentes
remanescentes: de campo nativo em regenera\ue7\ue3o natural a
partir de 1990 (RN), mata nativa (MN) e campo nativo (CN). As amostras
de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, em
oito pontos para cada \ue1rea avaliada, com c\ue1lculo de
m\ue9dias e intervalos de confian\ue7a (95%). Em geral, CN e MN
apresentaram os maiores valores de COT. O plantio \u201cP\u201d
apresentou em rela\ue7\ue3o ao CN menores teores de COT, Ca e K na
camada 0-10 cm, enquanto o plantio \u201cE\u201d apresentou menores
teores de COT em rela\ue7\ue3o ao CN, indicando efeitos negativos
da floresta plantada em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 vegeta\ue7\ue3o
natural campestre quanto \ue0 ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes. A
\ue1rea RN apresentou valores desses atributos similares aos do CN e
MN. Avalia\ue7\uf5es em longo prazo s\ue3o importantes para
verificar influ\ueancias do cultivo florestal sobre atributos do solo
e identificar a sustentabilidade das formas de uso do solo.The planted forests using exotic trees are increasing areas and have
replaced native vegetation in the southern Brazilian highlands, which
can change the dynamics of soil nutrients. The objective was to
evaluate the effects of the land use change on pH and total soil
organic carbon (COT), Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e K+ contents on a Humic
Dystrudept under plantations established in native grassland area. The
land uses evaluated were pinus established in 1963 (P) and eucalyptus
planted in 1991 (E), comparatively to adjacent areas of native
grassland (NP), natural regeneration since 1990 (NR), and native forest
(NF). Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth, in
eight replicates for each land use to calculate means and confidence
intervals (95%). In general, NP and NF showed the highest values of
TOC. \u201cP\u201d stand compared to NP had lower TOC, Ca and K in
the 0-10 cm layer, indicating negative effects of forest plantations in
comparison with natural grassland in relation to carbon and nutrient
cycling. NR area showed similar values of those properties in relation
to NP and NF areas. Long-term evaluations are important to verify
influences of forest plantations on soil properties and identify the
sustainability of these land use forms
Digital processing of plant images in evaluating the vigor of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds
No full textA utiliza\ue7\ue3o de t\ue9cnicas que envolvam a an\ue1lise
computadorizada de pl\ue2ntulas na avalia\ue7\ue3o da qualidade
de lotes de sementes tem se mostrado muito eficiente. Assim,
objetivou-se, neste trabalho, verificar a efici\ueancia do Sistema de
An\ue1lise de Pl\ue2ntulas (SAPL) na detec\ue7\ue3o de
diferen\ue7as de vigor entre lotes de sementes de moringa, em
compara\ue7\ue3o \ue0s informa\ue7\uf5es fornecidas por
testes de vigor tradicionalmente utilizados. Para tanto, determinou-se
o teor de \ue1gua das sementes e a sua qualidade fisiol\uf3gica
pelos testes de germina\ue7\ue3o, primeira contagem de
germina\ue7\ue3o, \uedndice de velocidade de
germina\ue7\ue3o, massa seca de pl\ue2ntulas, emerg\ueancia,
\uedndice de velocidade de emerg\ueancia, envelhecimento acelerado
tradicional, envelhecimento acelerado com solu\ue7\ue3o salina e
utilizando-se o SAPL. A caracteriza\ue7\ue3o fisiol\uf3gica das
sementes determinou que os lotes 1 e 3 apresentaram qualidade superior
aos demais, sendo o lote 4 o menos vigoroso. Os par\ue2metros obtidos
na an\ue1lise computadorizada (comprimento da parte a\ue9rea,
comprimento da raiz prim\ue1ria, comprimento total de pl\ue2ntula,
\uedndice de crescimento, \uedndice de uniformidade e \uedndice
de vigor) com o software SAPL foram eficientes para diferenciar os
lotes de sementes em compara\ue7\ue3o aos testes tradicionalmente
utilizados, n\ue3o somente entre lotes de baixo e alto vigor, mas
tamb\ue9m para aqueles de qualidade intermedi\ue1ria, corroborando
com os resultados obtidos nos testes tradicionalmente empregados na
avalia\ue7\ue3o da qualidade de sementes.The use of techniques involving a computerized analysis of seedlings in
evaluating the seed lot quality has shown to be of great efficiency.
Thus, the aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of the Seedling
Analysis System (SAPL) in detecting vigor differences between moringa
seed lots in comparison to the information provided by usual vigor
tests. Therefore, the water content and the physiological quality of
seeds by germination test, first count test, germination speed index,
emergency speed index, traditional accelerated aging test, and
accelerated aging test using saline solution were determined by SAPL.
The experimental design was completely randomized, using four
replicates. The parameters obtained in the computerized analysis (shoot
and primary root lengths, total seedling length, and growth,
uniformity, and vigor index) by the SAPL software were efficient in
distinguishing seed lots in comparison to the usual tests, and not only
among lots showing low and high vigor, but also for those showing
intermediate quality
Forecast and interactions of the brazilian cellulose prices in the internal and external markets
No full textA produ\ue7\ue3o e a exporta\ue7\ue3o de celulose s\ue3o
componentes importantes da economia no pa\ueds. O objetivo desta
pesquisa foi prognosticar o pre\ue7o nos mercados interno e externo
da celulose brasileira e avaliar a interfer\ueancia entre o
pre\ue7o m\ue9dio da celulose vendida em atacado e o pre\ue7o
m\ue9dio da celulose exportada pelo Brasil. O estudo utilizou dados
oriundos do Informativo Florestal do Centro de Estudos Avan\ue7ados
em Economia Aplicada (CEPEA), coletados entre junho de 2008 a
mar\ue7o de 2018. Os modelos Autorregressivos Integrados de
M\ue9dias M\uf3veis (ARIMA) foram utilizados para prognosticar o
pre\ue7o da celulose em atacado e exportada pelo Brasil e, para
analisar a inter-rela\ue7\ue3o dessas vari\ue1veis, foi aplicado
modelo Vetor Autorregressivo (VAR). Observou-se que o pre\ue7o da
celulose em atacado e da celulose exportada sofrem oscila\ue7\uf5es
em per\uedodos semelhantes, devido \ue0 rela\ue7\ue3o direta
com a cota\ue7\ue3o do d\uf3lar e com as crises financeiras nos
pa\uedses importadores. O modelo de melhor acur\ue1cia para
prognosticar o pre\ue7o da celulose em atacado foi o modelo ARIMA
(1,1,0) enquanto o modelo ARFIMAX (1, d*,0) obteve o melhor desempenho
para prognosticar o pre\ue7o da celulose exportada. A partir da
modelagem VAR, verificou-se a exist\ueancia de
inter-rela\ue7\uf5es entre as vari\ue1veis, as quais
transpareceram o forte impacto do pre\ue7o da celulose em atacado
sobre o pre\ue7o da celulose exportada pelo Brasil. Assim, as
metodologias empregadas foram eficazes para prognosticar e analisar as
inter-rela\ue7\uf5es entre as vari\ue1veis.The production and export of cellulose are important components of the
Brazilian economy. The aim of this research was to predict the domestic
and foreign prices of the Brazilian cellulose and to evaluate the
interference between its average price sold at wholesale and exported
by Brazil. The study focused on data from the Forestry Newsletter of
the Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics (CEPEA), collected
from June 2008 to March 2018. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving
Average (ARIMA) models were used to predict the wholesale and export
price of cellulose, while the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was
applied to analyze the inter-relation of these variables. It was
observed that the price of wholesale and exported celluloses vary in
similar periods, due to the direct relationship with the dollar
quotation and with the financial crises in the importing countries. The
most accurate model adjusted to predict the wholesale cellulose price
was the ARIMA model (1,1,0), while ARFIMAX model (1, d*, 0) obtained
the best performance to predict exported cellulose price. Based on the
VAR model, there was a correlation between variables, which means that
wholesale cellulose price has a strong impact on exported cellulose
price. Thus, the methodologies used were effective to predict and
analyze the inter-relationships between the variables
Genetic diversity in matrices and progenies of Euterpe edulis Mart. in managed area and in natural populations by microsatellites markers
No full textEuterpe edulis uma palmeira amea\ue7ada de extin\ue7\ue3o da Mata
Atl\ue2ntica, tem import\ue2ncia ecol\uf3gica e econ\uf4mica
pelo uso da polpa dos frutos. A identifica\ue7\ue3o de matrizes
geneticamente divergentes nas popula\ue7\uf5es \ue9 \ufatil
para a conserva\ue7\ue3o e o melhoramento da esp\ue9cie. Neste
trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a diversidade gen\ue9tica de plantas
divergentes morfologicamente que possam ser utilizadas como matrizes, e
de suas fam\uedlias de prog\ueanies em uma \ue1rea manejada e em
\ue1reas de popula\ue7\uf5es naturais da esp\ue9cie no estado
do Esp\uedrito Santo. Foram avaliadas 21 matrizes, das quais 13
obtidas em \ue1rea manejada para a explora\ue7\ue3o
sustent\ue1vel dos frutos (anteriormente avaliadas quanto a
caracteres de frutos) e oito oriundas de popula\ue7\uf5es naturais
no estado do Esp\uedrito Santo. Para cada matriz avaliou-se 10
prog\ueanies, constituindo 21 fam\uedlias. A partir de genotipagem
por marcadores microssat\ue9lites, a caracteriza\ue7\ue3o das
plantas matrizes e suas prog\ueanies foi realizada pelas
heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He) e o \uedndice de
endogamia (f), bem como a an\ue1lise de vari\ue2ncia molecular das
plantas oriundas dos diferentes locais de coleta. As matrizes da
\ue1rea de cultivo manejada de Rio Novo do Sul apresentaram maiores
Ho e He e menor f, indicando maior diversidade. Menores Ho (0,36) e He
(0,41) e maior f (0,15) foram observados para as matrizes de Pinheiros,
indicando menor diversidade e maior endogamia. A an\ue1lise da
vari\ue2ncia entre os locais de coleta das matrizes revelou maior
varia\ue7\ue3o gen\ue9tica intrapopulacional que
interpopulacional. As matrizes coletadas em popula\ue7\uf5es
naturais, Linhares e, especialmente, de Pinheiros, apresentam menor
diversidade gen\ue9tica. Na \ue1rea manejada, os indiv\uedduos
apresentaram maior diversidade para as matrizes e suas prog\ueanies,
indicando potencial para a conserva\ue7\ue3o e uso sustent\ue1vel
do recurso gen\ue9tico nesta \ue1rea. As matrizes indicadas para
cruzamento, com possibilidade de gerar descendentes com maior
desempenho morfol\uf3gico para frutos e alta diversidade foram
RNS_154 e RNS_76.Euterpe edulis, an endangered palm tree from the Atlantic Forest, has
ecological and economic importance through the use of fruit pulp.
Identifying genetically divergent matrices in populations is useful for
species conservation and breeding. The present study aimed to estimate
the genetic diversity of morphologically divergent plants that may be
used as stock specimens as well as that of their progeny families, in a
managed area and in areas of natural populations of the species in the
state of Esp\uedrito Santo, Brazil. Twenty-one matrices were
evaluated, of which 13 were obtained from areas managed for the
sustainable exploitation of fruits (previously evaluated for fruit
traits) and eight from natural populations in the state of
Esp\uedrito Santo. For each matrix, 10 progenies were evaluated,
constituting 21 families. From microsatellite marker genotyping, the
characterization of the parent plants and their progenies was performed
by the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities and the
inbreeding index (f), as well as the molecular variance analysis of the
plants from the different plants. The matrices of the managed area of
Rio Novo do Sul presented higher Ho and He, and lower f, indicating
greater diversity. Lower Ho (0.36) and He(0.41) and higher f (0.15)
were observed for Pinheiros matrices, indicating lower diversity and
inbreeding. Analysis of variance between the collection sites of the
matrices revealed greater intrapopulation than interpopulation genetic
variation. The matrices collected from natural populations, Linhares
and, especially, from Pinheiros, present less genetic diversity. In the
managed area, the individuals presented greater diversity for the
matrices and their progenies, indicating potential for the conservation
and sustainable use of the genetic resource in this area. The matrices
indicated for breeding, with the possibility of generating descendants
with higher morphological performance for fruits and high diversity
were RNS_154 and RNS_76
Increasing levels of palm kernel cake ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in diets for feedlot cull cows
No full textAgro-industrial by-products are a great option for ruminant feeding.
Alternative feedstuffs in ruminant diets are important to increase
diets and reduce production costs. The present study evaluated
different levels of palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) kernel cake
inclusion in diets for feedlot-finished cull cows and their
implications on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and
nutrients, as well as animal performance. The experiment was carried
out in Ribeir\ue3o do Largo, Bah\ueda, Brazil. Thirty-six Holstein
7 Zebu crossbred cows were assigned to four treatments at the rate
of nine cows per treatment. The animals were fed sugarcane bagasse
(roughage 15%) and concentrate (85%). The treatments were no addition
of palm kernel cake, 8%, 16%, or 24% palm kernel cake inclusion in the
total DM diet. Palm kernel cake inclusion influenced DM and nutrient
intakes, which responded quadratically. The digestibility of DM, crude
protein, and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein
showed a quadratic response and maximum digestibility at 1.67%, 5.24%,
and 3.68% cake inclusion levels, respectively; values decreased
thereafter. The total digestible nutrients decreased linearly based on
cake inclusion levels. Treatments affected final body weight, mean
daily gain, and feed conversion, which showed a quadratic response to
increasing levels of the by-product in the diet and maximum values were
at 11.98%, 13.07%, and 16.32% inclusion, respectively. Palm kernel cake
is a viable alternative ingredient for animal biological efficiency.
The 16% inclusion level in the total DM diet was the most appropriate
for the finishing of cull cows in the feedlot
Determinants of Food Security among Forest-Based Households in Oyo State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe growth of food insecurity kept increasing despite numerous policies
and programmes geared towards improving the living standards of rural
households in Nigeria. This study assessed the determinants of food
security among forest-based households in Oyo state, Nigeria by
obtaining data from 240 respondents with the aid of well-structured
questionnaires and interview guide. Data obtained were subjected to
descriptive statistics and logit regression model. The result of the
descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of the respondents was
\ub142, about 65% of the respondents were female while 60% were
married and about 43% had primary education. Also, the results revealed
that most respondents (67%) produced food by themselves, 65% of them
took two square meals per day and 70% skip meals as a coping strategy
due to insufficient food. Furthermore, logistic regression model
reveals that sex, household size, household\u2019s head income and
land ownership have significant effects on rural household food
security in the study area. The study thus recommends that food
stabilization and creation of job opportunities such as crafting and
agro- allied activities should be given a desired attention in the
rural area
Seismo-Structural Interpretation and Petrophysical Evaluation of Ugwu-Field, Coastal Swamp Depositional Belt of the Niger Delta Basin
Full text linkStructural interpretation of 3-D seismic data and well log have been
applied to unravel hydrocarbon entrapment pattern and petrophysical
parameters of X-field within the coastal swamp region of the Niger
Delta.. Four reservoir intervals (A, B, C and D) delineated as (W-026,
032, 042 and 048) using gamma ray and resistivity log response.
Structural interpretation for inline 5158 revealed four horizons (A, B,
C and D) and eight (8) faults labelled (F1, F2, F12, F13, F21, F22,
F23, and F24) were mapped. It was observed that the hanging wall block
due to reverse drag or rollover anticline slided over fault F12 and
created fault F2, thereby creating subsidence where sediments can be
deposited. Therefore, faults F2 and F12 created rollover structures
which cuts across the entire four reservoirs and invaluably responsible
for trapping of hydrocarbon in the field. RMS map developed for
horizons \u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019 revealed high amplitude
anomalies, while variance attribute for both horizons showed relatively
uniform lithology observed from east to west across the study area.
While from north-east to south west, variance was observed to increase
relatively which indicates different lithology. These trend exposes
dipping of the channel fill at both flanks by creating extensive
faulting. Results of petrophysical evaluation for reservoirs
\u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019 across the four wells were
analyzed. For reservoir \u2018A\u2019, porosity values of 32.8%,
24.8%, 25.9% and 27.1% were obtained for wells W-048, 042, 026 and 032
respectively with an average of 27.65%, while for reservoir
\u2018B\u2019 porosity values of 26.83%, 26.93%, 25.59% and 27.99%
for wells W-048, 042, 026 and 032 were obtained respectively with an
average of 26.84%. This porosity values were rated very good to
excellent for reservoir \u2018A\u2019 and very good for reservoir
\u2018B\u2019, while Permeability values of the order (K > 1000mD)
were obtained for both reservoirs across the four wells and is rated
excellent. Hydrocarbon saturation (Shc) across the four wells averages
at 68.57% for reservoir \u2018A\u2019 and 68.67% for reservoir
\u2018B\u2019 which is high. Log motifs using gamma ray log for
well-026 was integrated with seismic facies to infer on depositional
environment of the reservoirs horizons showed a combination of serrated
funnel/blocky shape log response and coarsening upward cycles. For
reservoirs \u2018A\u2019, \u2018B\u2019 and \u2018C\u2019 the log
shape pattern indicates deposition in a fluvial / tidal, channel
environment while for reservoir \u2018D\u2019 the pattern indicates
deposition in deltaic front environment. Isochore maps computed for
horizons \u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019, shows that horizon
\u2018A\u2019 is relatively thick and this pattern suggests increased
tectonic activities during deposition of reservoir \u2018A\u2019 and
is an indication that reservoir \u2018A\u2019 is a synrift deposit