Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
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THE USE OF ECO ENZYME-BASED MUDBALLS IN REDUCING COD AND TSS POLLUTANTS IN POLLUTED RIVERS
Full text linkAim: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Eco Enzyme and EM1-based mudballs in improving river water quality by reducing COD and TSS. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted using an experimental method in the laboratory with four variations of mudballs, i.e. mudballs without additions, mudballs with Eco Enzyme, mudballs with effective microorganisms (EM1), and mudballs with a combination of Eco Enzyme and EM1. Artificial river water samples were made using glucose and kaolin solutions, and water quality was measured using the closed reflux method for COD, the gravimetric method for TSS, and pH measurements. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The results showed that all variations of mudballs were able to reduce COD and TSS values, but only the variation with a combination of Eco Enzyme and EM1 showed the most significant reduction in COD even though it had not reached the quality standard according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. This variation was also effective in removing 100% TSS, and all variations managed to maintain the pH value within a safe range (6-9). The conclusion of this study is that the combination of Eco Enzyme and EM1 in mudballs provides the best results in improving river water quality, especially in TSS removal. However, further optimization is needed to remove COD to meet water quality standards
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AS NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
No full textLaw No. 17/2019 declared that the main objective of Indonesia’s national water resources management is one that is managed in a comprehensive, integrated, and environmentally conscious manner, with the purpose of establishing justice and the welfare for the people. Not only stating if the national water resources management must be environmentally conscious, but the law also defines conservation as one of the efforts required for water resources management. Thereby, in the interest of carrying out the formulation and implementation process of water resources management as defined by the law, currently the Directorate General of Water Resources has included water resources conservation as one of its thirteen general policies. Even so, these conservation and environmentally conscious efforts can be found in the operational strategies, goals and performance indicators. Aims: This study was aimed to obtain additional insights can be benefited for the formulation and implementation process in Indonesia. Methodology and results: Corresponding to the recent development in water resources management strategies which have begun to lead into the direction of nature-based solutions, or popularly also known as green infrastructure, this study conducts a literature review on the utilization of green infrastructure as water resources management strategies in several other countries. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Directorate General of Water Resources’ strategic planning document for the year 2020-2024 also indicates if the objective of Indonesia’s national water resources management is still focusing on grey infrastructure, particularly the construction of multipurpose dams
ASSESSING NOISE POLLUTION FROM MUSIC CONCERTS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA
No full textMusic concerts have increasingly raised concerns due to their contribution to noise pollution in urban environments. Aim: this study aimed to analyze noise levels and their characteristics during outdoor music concerts in Makassar City, examine the spatial distribution of noise from the source to surrounding areas, and evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation and buildings as noise barriers. Methodology and results: Observations were conducted at 16 sampling points in the Mandala Monument area and nearby urban zones. Noise mapping was carried out using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, and statistical analysis was performed with paired t-tests. Results indicate that even without concerts, certain urban locations exceeded the noise standards, suggesting that urbanization alone contributes significantly to noise pollution. During concerts, noise levels surpassed the Indonesian regulatory standards, with concrete structures identified as the most effective noise barriers, reducing noise intensity by up to 17.5 dB. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact Study: The findings emphasize that outdoor music concerts substantially increase environmental noise risks in urban areas. The effectiveness of structural barriers highlights their role in urban noise management. This study underscores the urgency of implementing stricter urban planning and regulatory frameworks for concerts to mitigate environmental noise and safeguard public health
SMART WEIGHING FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING INTEGRATION INTERNET OF THINGS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO ASSIST CIRCULAR ECONOMICS
No full textAims: This study was aimed to Supit Urang Landfill in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, urgently needs a smart waste management system because it is strategically important as a large landfill with a monthly operating capacity of 4.560 trucks. Landfill management is very challenging due to some cases, such as overcapacity, inefficient waste sorting, and environmental risks. Methodology and results: The research introduced an integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the waste management system to support the principles of a circular economy. IoT was applied for real time monitoring of waste conditions, while AI was utilized for big data analytics, enabling predictions, decision-making support, and policy recommendations. The results demonstrated that the proposed system improves efficiency and cost-effectiveness by reducing the amount of waste disposed of in the landfill and optimizing the waste sorting and recycling process. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The study concludes that the transformation toward a sustainable waste management model is urgently needed and can be achieved through AIoT integration. This innovation supports circular economy practices by enhancing waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. The successful implementation at Supit Urang could serve as a scalable model for other landfills across Indonesia, thereby contributing to national strategies for sustainable waste management. This technological intervention not only improves environmental outcomes by reducing pollution and conserving resources but also fosters economic development through efficient resource utilization and job creation in the recycling and waste processing sectors
TOWARDS RESILIENT URBAN FUTURES: LAND USE CHANGE, FLOOD RISK, AND THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN KUANTAN TENGAH DISTRICT
No full textSustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) are considered an innovative approach to urban water management, but their application in Indonesia is still very limited. Aim: This study was aimed to analyze the impact of land use change on runoff coefficient and its implication for socio-economic resilience in post-flood conditions in Kuantan Tengah District, Riau Province. Methodology and results: The research applied a spatial-hydrological and socio-economic approach, integrating drone imagery, GIS-based land classification, runoff coefficient analysis, field drainage assessment, and community surveys. Results revealed that the average runoff coefficient (Cr) increased to 0.57 due to land conversion into impervious surfaces, especially residential and road areas. This condition led to inadequate drainage capacity and contributed to urban flooding. Socio-economic impacts identified include infrastructure damage, income loss in local businesses, health problems, and psychological stress. SWOT analysis highlighted institutional strengths and public awareness, but also emphasized weak ecosystem-based management. Conclusion, significance and impact study: A Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) model was proposed to overcome these challenges, combining green infrastructure, zoning policy, SOP (standard operating procedures) for drainage maintenance, and community participation. This study provides a novel integrative framework for urban flood risk mitigation based on hydrological and socio-economic indicators and offers policy insights for sustainable spatial planning in flood-prone regions. The solutions offered directly support several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation, and SDG 13 on Climate Action
SERVICE QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SINJAI DISTRICT, INDONESIA
No full textThe rapid population growth in the region has led to challenges in managing household waste. Local governments must consider waste treatment infrastructure and landfill space availability when providing services. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the quality of services in household waste management in Sinjai District, Indonesia. Methodology and results: This study employs a mixed-method analysis utilizing the Delphi and SERVQUAL techniques. The research was conducted in Sinjai District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a sample size of 397 respondents. The findings indicate that waste management within the Tondong landfill service coverage area in Sinjai Regency is relatively effective in reducing waste generation. According to the SERVQUAL analysis, apart from the tangible dimension, all other dimensions exhibit a negative GAP score, highlighting the need for improvements in each area. Conclusions, Significance, and impact of The Study: Waste management in Sinjai District, particularly in terms of composting and waste bank initiatives, faces major challenges in infrastructure, technology, and public awareness. Landfilling and composting methods are widely applied, but their efficiency needs to be improved. In the system, collection and transportation remain constrained by limited resources, while recycling requires community participation supported by education and wider access to recycling facilities. An integrated approach, involving the government, community, and private sector, is needed in Sinjai Regency to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of waste management
POLICY SCENARIOS FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN COASTAL DEVELOPMENT: A TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN LABUAN BAJO, INDONESIA
No full textAim: to select sustainable coastal city management policies that have the best chance of success. Methodology and results: First, identify problems based on 31 previous research results. The results are problems in Labuan Bajo city management. Second, discuss the problems in FGD stakeholders and experts. The results of the FGD are 61 variables in sustainable coastal cities management, consisting of 11 socio-cultural variables, 17 economic variables, 7 environmental variables, and 25 governance variables. Third, analyzing the reciprocal influence relationship between 61 sustainability variables using the MICMAC technological approach. The results are 21 key variables, 13 critical variables, 23 output variables, and 4 inert variables. Fourth, determine hypotheses/policies and their probabilities through FGD stakeholders and experts. The results are 6 hypotheses/policies and their probability values. Fifth, analyzing 64 alternative scenarios (policy combinations) using the SMIC-Prob technological approach. The results of the analysis are scenarios, their probabilities, and degrees of elasticity. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The highest probability is 12.2%, namely scenario of 111011 (combination of all policies except the 4th policy, namely the policy of "Local workforce capacity development and expansion of employment opportunities/P4).: A technological approach to multi-criteria analysis significantly facilitates urban and environmental planners in finding solutions to the complex problems involved in decision-making regarding sustainable coastal urban development policy scenarios. This approach ensures a transparent and participatory policy planning process, ensuring that the resulting policies meet the interests of all stakeholders
TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND EMISSION REDUCTION OF 60 MW WIND POWER PLANTS FOR DATA CENTER IN WEST JAVA INDONESIA USING RETSCREEN
Full text linkThe rise of Indonesia’s digital economy has accelerated the need for green data centers powered by clean energy. Aims: This research aims to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility and environmental impact of integrating a 60 MW wind power plant to supply electricity for potential green data center locations in West Java. Methodology and results: Using RETScreen Expert software, the analysis incorporates turbine specifications, site-specific climate data from ERA5 and NASA, and financial assumptions sourced from independent power producer developers in Indonesia. Output analysis focuses on environmental metrics such as GHG emissions and financial indicators including NPV, IRR, and payback periods. The analysis shows that the project can produce close to 120 GWh electricity annually that will provide about USD 8.5 million/year based on 20 years of operation and reduce 222,931 tCO₂ of GHGs annually, or a 24.7% reduction compared to that of a 128 MW coal-fired power plant. Financially, the project achieves an NPV of USD 4.1 million, an after-tax IRR of 12.2%, and a payback period of 10.3 years. Conclusion, significance and impact study: These findings confirm the strategic importance of wind power plants in supporting sustainable digital infrastructure in Indonesia. This research helps bridge the existing literature gap in renewable energy integration for data centers in emerging markets. Additionally, it suggests that future studies could explore hybrid renewable models to enhance system resilience and reliability
MODIFICATION OF ALUM SLUDGE AS ADSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF RHODAMINE-B DYE IN WATER
Full text linkWater treatment plants (WTP) in Indonesia generally use a physical-chemical process that generates a massive volume of sludge as waste. This sludge is typically discharged into the river without sufficient treatment due to land availability and/or treatment cost constraints. Aim: This study aimed to recycle the alum sludge from a drinking water treatment plant as an adsorbent for removing dye from wastewater. Methodology and results: Alum sludge was activated by several methods including calcination at 400oC and 600oC (AS-CAL400 and AS-CAL600), gelation (AS-GEL), synthesis of TiO2-alum sludge composites (TiO2@AS), and synthesis of ZnCl2-alum sludge composites (ZnCl2@AS). The adsorbents were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRF, BET, and pHPZC. The adsorption assays were carried out in a batch system and used synthetic wastewater containing Rhodamine-B dye as a model contaminant. The result shows that the highest dye removal of up to 87% was obtained using ZnCl2@AS adsorbent, contact time of 2 hours, the adsorbent concentration of 3 g/L, initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and pH 2. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The conclusion shows that recycled alum sludge, especially when activated with ZnCl₂, is highly effective for removing Rhodamine B dye from wastewater. It achieved 87% removal efficiency and 26 mg/g adsorption capacity under optimal conditions. The adsorbent has a rough surface with a 128.60 m²/g area, and its adsorption behavior follows the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Further research including long-term use, and application in real dye wastewater should be conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this adsorbent
DECISION-MAKING STRATEGY OF COMBUSTIBLE WASTE TECHNOLOGY USING TOPSIS METHOD - CASE STUDY OF NORTH BEKASI DISTRICT
Full text linkWaste management in Indonesia still faces various challenges, particularly in urban areas such as North Bekasi District, which generates significant daily waste. Innovative technological approaches are required to reduce and manage waste problems, especially combustible waste. Aim: This study aims to determine the most suitable waste treatment technology for combustible waste in North Bekasi District using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Methodology and results: The study evaluates three waste treatment technologies: Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) production, incineration, and pyrolysis, based on technical, environmental, economic, and social criteria. Data were collected through primary and secondary methods, focusing on waste characteristics, management conditions, and energy potential. The TOPSIS method analysis identified RDF as the most suitable solution with the highest preference score 0.669, followed by incineration and pyrolysis. RDF technology demonstrates significant advantages, including high calorific value (3623.58 kcal/kg), efficient resource recovery, and lower operational and investment costs. Conclusion, significance and impact study: This study concludes that RDF technology can effectively address waste management challenges in North Bekasi, while also promoting environmental sustainability and economic feasibility. Selecting RDF as the primary technology represents a strategic step toward transforming waste management in Indonesia into a more modern, efficient, sustainable, and technology-based approach