Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
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POROUS MATERIAL ADSORBENTS IN ADVANCES DESIGN CONFIGURATION OF ADSORPTION DESALINATION PROCESS: A REVIEW
Full text linkSeveral desalination systems with distinct operational principles have been developed to enhance the generation of freshwater and optimize system efficiency. Adsorption desalination (AD) systems are highly desirable because to their ability to simultaneously achieve desalination and cooling using minimal energy input. These systems offer significant cost savings in terms of maintenance compared to conventional desalination systems. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental constituents of this desalination technology, the present study initially expounds upon the theory of adsorption and the process of circulation. Aims: The aim of this study is to conduct a thorough analysis of adsorbents for adsorption desalination and adsorption desalination technologies, and investigation into their potential integration with established conventional cycles, including multiple-effect distillation (MED), solar regenerable, and integrated evaporator-condenser cycles. Methodology and results: The findings of this study involve the evaluation and summarization of pertinent research on the fundamental aspects of the adsorption desalination system. These aspects include the thermodynamic process and cycle, performance assessment, adsorbents, and adsorption desalination technologies. The location, heat energy supply, collector, evaporator, condenser, adsorption desalination, adsorbent materials, and findings are investigated. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The discourse pertaining to prospective avenues of research, which will prove beneficial for analogous investigations within this domain, reaches a culmination
URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER MITIGATION MODEL: INSIGHTS FROM AL-ANWAR MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, PACITAN
No full textAim: This study aimed to describe the Urban Environmental Disaster Mitigation Model at Al-Anwar Modern Islamic Boarding School in Pacitan Regency, with a particular focus on earthquake and tsunami mitigation strategies. Methodology and results: The research employed a qualitative case study approach. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, with source triangulation employed to ensure data validity. The Urban Environmental Disaster Mitigation Model at Al-Anwar Modern Islamic Boarding School integrates disaster preparedness in educational and urban contexts. Supported by technology, policies, simulations, and SPAB program integration, it enhances risk assessment, evacuation planning, and resource mobilization, fostering technical, cognitive, and moral capacities. The model is replicable for coastal and seismic regions. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings show that the Urban Environmental Disaster Mitigation Model at Al-Anwar Modern Islamic Boarding School represents a comprehensive approach to preparedness by integrating disaster mitigation, environmental awareness, and technological innovation within an urban educational setting. Disaster knowledge, regular simulations, and the use of GIS, AR, and digital platforms have enhanced community readiness, while institutional commitment through policies and structured coordination ensures sustainability. The significance of this study lies in demonstrating how education can function as both a learning domain and a resilience hub, equipping students with technical, cognitive, and moral capacities to face earthquake and tsunami risks. Its impact extends beyond the school through community partnerships, resource mobilization, and replicable strategies adaptable to other coastal and seismic regions. Ultimately, the model fosters sustainable urban disaster risk reduction by embedding resilience into both institutional practices and educational culture
INTEGRATION OF ADSORPTION PROCESS AND MEMBRANE ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR TO REMOVE TRIHALOMETHANES IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
Full text linkTrihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection by-products formed from the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter (NOM). Aims: This study aimed to analyze the presence of NOM as precursors and THMs removal using a integration of granular activated carbon (GAC) and electrochemical membrane reactor (MER) in drinking water treatment (DWT). Methodology and results: Analysis of GAC performance in reducing NOM through variations in carbon dosage and reaction time. MER is an advanced treatment to reduce THMs in drinking water treatment with parameters of current density and reaction time. The DWT raw water contained NOM: DOC concentration of 5.18 ± 1.99 mg/L and SUVA of 2.04 ± 1.02 L/mg m. Conventional DWT remove 4-60% of NOM. The addition of GAC increases NOM removal up to 68%. MER can remove THM with 40 - 80% for chloroform and bromodichloromethane, while for chlorodibromomethane and bromoform, the removal is 10-50%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The integration of GAC-MER increases NOM removal up to 90%, and the integration of MER-GAC reduce THMs up to 40-62%. The optimum condition of MER for NOM and THMs removal is at a current density of 20 mA cm-2 and a reaction time of 1 hour. This study is expected to be useful for DWT to control the formation of DBPs that are harmful to human health. The application of MER can reduce DBP as well as other pollutants because MER treatment is a combined treatment of membrane filters and electro-oxidation, and the addition of GAC increases the pollutant removal
SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE IN URBAN DRINKING WATER SERVICES
No full textAlthough 71% of the Earth is covered by water, only 1% is accessible for human use, creating increasing challenges in urban areas. Population growth, urbanization, climate change, and pollution intensify the difficulty of providing safe drinking water. While SDG 6 highlights universal access and sustainable management, urban water services face not only supply and demand gaps but also social equity, service reliability, and environmental sustainability. Addressing these requires integrated approaches that balance quality, quantity, efficiency, and long-term resilience. Aim: This study aimed to determine the indicators of sustainable performance in drinking water services in urban areas. Methodology and results: First, a systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus-indexed publications from 2013–2023, comprising 437 journal articles and 66 conference papers, to analyze themes and content. Next, a general urban water management model was identified, followed by the definition of sustainability factors and perspectives for urban water services. Finally, sustainable performance indicators were developed for each perspective to ensure comprehensive evaluation and implementation. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The study identifies 20 economic, 8 environmental, and 18 social performance indicators. They measure affordability, continuity, quantity, carbon emissions, pollution, behavior, accessibility, and policy, evaluating urban water services sustainability and efficiency comprehensively
RAINWATER RUNOFF TREATMENT USING LAYERED ECO PAVING BLOCKS: EFFECTS OF THICKNESS AND DENSITY
No full textAims: This study aims to investigate the effect of binder variations on the compressive strength of eco paving blocks composed of four layered materials-rice husk, quartz sand, gravel, and activated carbon-each with a thickness of 6 cm. Methodology and results: The application is directed toward wastewater treatment using the rain garden method. Laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain reliable performance data. The results show that cement-bonded paving blocks demonstrate superior performance compared to those using fly ash binders. Cement adhesives ensured strong cohesion between layers, with blocks maintaining integrity during demolding without signs of damage or porosity. In contrast, paving blocks with fly ash binders required longer drying times due to the high moisture absorption of quartz sand, and they exhibited brittleness caused by weak adhesion. Extended curing was necessary before fly ash could adequately bond the base materials. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Quantitative findings revealed that paving blocks with cement adhesives achieved an average compressive strength of 836.25 MPa, higher than the 696.25 MPa of fly ash-bonded blocks. These results imply that cement remains the more effective binder for eco paving blocks in rainwater runoff and wastewater treatment, while fly ash requires optimization to improve its bonding performance. Eco-paving provides a nature-based, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for urban wastewater management, achieving both structural durability and effective pollutant removal
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IN LANGARA URBAN AREA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
No full textAims: This study was aimed to evaluates the development of the water distribution network in the IKK PDAM Lama of Konawe Kepulauan Regency- Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, particularly in West Wawonii Sub-district, which faces the challenge of increasing water demand due to population growth and urbanization. Methodology and results: The study utilized survey methods of water pressure, discharge, and physical condition of the network, as well as secondary data such as network maps and PDAM technical reports. Water demand projections were conducted based on the technical standards of the Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No.27/PRT/M/2016, with network hydraulics simulations using EPANET 2.2 software to analyze water pressure and flow under existing conditions and after network development. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Simulation results indicate that the water distribution network developed in 2025 fails to meet community demand, evidenced by negative pressure zones requiring network design revision. Initial optimization involved increasing the main pipe diameter to 150 mm and using Galvanized Iron Pipe (GIP) to reduce leakage, which satisfied demand until 2035 but fell short by 2040. Further optimization increased the main pipe diameter to 200 mm and the divider pipe to 160 mm, successfully meeting water demand until 2045. This study highlights the necessity of sustainable planning and continuous optimization in water distribution networks to maintain adequate service pressure and reliable clean water supply, especially in rapidly growing urban areas
DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY RECOVERY IN URBAN SETTINGS: PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED SEPTIC TANK-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL SYSTEM
No full textMicrobial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology has attracted interest for its dual role in wastewater treatment and energy generation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Modified Septic Tank-Microbial Fuel Cell (MST-MFC) for office domestic wastewater treatment, focusing on organic matter, ammonia removal, and electricity generation. Methodology and results: In this study, synthetic wastewater was prepared to simulate the typical composition of domestic effluent from office buildings. The main variables measured in this study included pH, temperature, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ammonia levels. A 196 L reactor (36 h HRT) with anoxic, anaerobic, aerobic, and sedimentation zones was equipped with three pairs of zinc–copper electrodes (2 cm spacing) placed in anaerobic (anode) and aerobic (cathode) chambers. Synthetic wastewater with controlled COD:N:P ratios was applied at two organic loading rates (OLRs): 7 and 11.94 mg COD/L.h. At the lower OLR, COD removal reached 100% versus 93.85% at the higher OLR. Ammonia removal was also higher (27.61% vs. 17.59%), while electricity generation peaked with 461.88 mV, 355.67 mW/m2, and 0.0970% Coulombic efficiency. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The MST-MFC showed strong potential for decentralized wastewater treatment with energy recovery, though limited ammonia removal indicates further optimization is needed, with OLR as a key factor