Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
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Assessment of Carbon Credit Opportunities and Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Process Engineering Perspective
No full textIndustrial wastewater treatment is increasingly recognized as a strategic sector for climate change mitigation. Integrating carbon credit mechanisms with process engineering solutions offers opportunities to convert pollution control infrastructure into measurable greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction assets by linking greenhouse gas recovery, energy utilization, and environmental compliance. Aim: This study aims to identify emission reduction potential and evaluate how financial incentives from carbon credit markets can enhance the feasibility of wastewater treatment investments for industries, municipalities, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Methodology and results: using Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and mixed-method approach, this study indicates promising results that anaerobic technologies such as Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors and covered lagoons can remove 70–90% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) while producing recoverable greenhouse gas equivalent to significant Carbon dioxide emissions reductions annually. Compared with conventional aerobic treatment, inclusion of carbon revenue improves project attractiveness, with estimated payback periods between 3 and 7 years. Conclusion, significance and impact study: carbon credit opportunities in wastewater treatment are primary driven by techno-economic ability of process technologies to recover greenhouse gas, reduce emissions, and create economic value. the assessment shows that anaerobic systems provide both environmental improvement and financial returns, making industries more willing to adopt cleaner treatment solutions. The availability of carbon revenue increases the attractiveness of investment and accelerates modernization of existing facilities. Wastewater treatment industry is no longer viewed solely as pollution control units, but as platforms for energy recovery and climate mitigation. The implementation of carbon-oriented wastewater management supports urban environmental protection while strengthening industrial competitiveness. The approach contributes directly on achieving SDG 6
Evaluating Land Cover Effects on Land Surface Temperature in the Juana Watershed for Urban Climate Adaptation
No full textAim: This study analyzes how land cover affects land surface temperature (LST). Understanding this helps optimize land management, improve agriculture, and address climate change impacts on soil temperature. Methodology and Results: To achieve this objective, the study employs a field experiment and remote sensing analysis to evaluate soil temperature variations. Land surface temperature data from Landsat satellite imagery enabled observation of the spatial distribution of soil temperature. The results indicate that sandy soils experience greater temperature fluctuations compared to clay soils, which are better at retaining heat over time. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact Study: This study confirms that soil texture and moisture content significantly influence land surface temperature dynamics. The findings can be applied to water management planning in the agricultural sector, climate change adaptation strategies, and more effective land use planning. The integration of remote sensing and field data improves the accuracy of large-scale soil temperature monitoring. Building on these results, future studies should specifically focus on quantifying the separate and combined effects of vegetation cover and organic matter content on soil thermal properties to further refine predictive models
Multi-Temporal Identification and Analysis of Land Surface Deformation with Land Use Land Cover in Makassar City
No full textRapid urbanization heightens the risk of land subsidence in Makassar City. Aim: This study analyzes and maps land surface deformation alongside Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics from 2020–2024. Methodology and Results by integrating multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR (VV polarization) and supervised LULC classification from Landsat-8 on the Google Earth Engine platform. Annual LULC maps were produced using an SVM, yielding high accuracy (Kappa 0.893–0.988). Built-up land expanded mainly at the expense of vegetation and bare land. Deformation was inferred from temporal differences in VV backscatter (VV_diff); statistics were computed for each class. Negative VV_diff values were frequently observed in built-up and bareland areas, indicating subsidence. Significant interannual variability was observed in 2023-2024, particularly within the vegetation zones. Linear regression confirmed a strong negative deformation trend in built-up areas (slope −0.0123 dB/year). These results demonstrate a linkage between urban expansion and ground deformation. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The approach provides a repeatable and cost-effective framework for continuous subsidence monitoring using open satellite data. GEE facilitates the open replication of workflows. The findings contribute to the field of urban planning and policy by identifying vulnerable zones, promoting risk-aware land allocation, infrastructure maintenance, and sustainable development methods for Indonesian coastal megacities and other rapidly expanding metropolitan areas
Sustainable Campus Wastewater Treatment using Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Systems
No full textAim: This study aims to investigate the efficiency of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) system in domestic wastewater treatment at the Graha Rectorate of the State University of Malang (UM), part of the UM Green Campus program. Methodology and results: The study was conducted by installing a laboratory-scale ABR system and investigating its performance in reducing pollutant concentrations. Sampling was carried out at the inlet and outlet ports, and the system was run for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours. The samples were analyzed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), Total Coliform (TC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. The results showed that the ABR system with a flowrate of 1.408 m³/day and a reactor volume of 1.901 m³, consisting of 9 compartments, was able to reduce TSS and COD concentrations to meet the quality standards of Permen LHK No. 68/2016. Statistical tests showed significant reductions in COD, BOD, and TSS parameters. The removal efficiency of each parameter is TSS (91.33%), COD (40.44%), BOD (32.14%), and TC (51.18%). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: This study demonstrated that ABR is effective in treating campus wastewater, but further design optimisation or hybridisation with another system is still required. A combination of additional treatments is recommended to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6 and SDG 11), particularly in the areas of clean water and sanitation, as well as sustainable cities
Leveraging Urban Environmental Technology for Adolescent Smoking Prevention: Development of the E-Nosmo Digital Application
No full textSmoking represents a commonly observed behavior across various segments of society. Despite widespread awareness of its harmful effects, the number of smokers continues to increase each year. In the ASEAN region, Indonesia has the highest smoking prevalence. In Banjar Regency, 15–19-year-olds make up the majority (51.35%) of new smokers. One of the main reasons teenagers start smoking is the process of social adjustment within their environment. Aim: This study aims to design an application to prevent smoking behavior among teenagers and to implement the E-Nosmo application at SMPN 1 Aranio, ensuring it aligns with its intended objectives. Methodology and results: The E-Nosmo application was developed using a specific design methodology, beginning with the conceptual design phase, including system architecture and prototype development. After approval, the application was developed and tested to ensure it achieved its goals. The results showed that 57% of students were at risk of engaging in smoking behavior, while 43% were not. The most significant contributing factor was social influence, particularly from family members and peers who smoke. Other contributing factors included family background, parental support, and economic conditions. Interestingly, cigarette advertising did not play a role in influencing students’ smoking behavior. To maintain student engagement, the application also includes interactive games. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact Study: One important recommendation for improving the application is to simplify the wording of the questions used to detect smoking behavior, as some students found them too complex to understand
IRBA STUDY AT BAGENDUNG LANDFILL, CILEGON CITY: RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
Full text linkBagendung Landfill is located in Bagendung Village, Cilegon City has been operational since 1998. with a land area of 10 hectares, this TPA has a waste management capacity of up to 668 tons/day. Aims: To calculate the environmental risk index of the Bagendung Landfill and evaluate its management using the Environmental Risk Index Assessment method, known as the Integrated Risk-Based Approach (IRBA), and to provide actionable recommendations for enhancing waste management practices at the landfill. Methodology and results: The research utilized secondary data analyzed through the IRBA method, adhering to the framework outlined in the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No.3/2013 concerning the Provision of Facilities and Infrastructure to Handle Domestic Waste and Domestic Waste Equivalents. The analysis revealed a risk index score of 515.25 for Bagendung Landfill, placing it within the medium-risk category. Conclusion, Significance, and Implications: The landfill’s operations can continue with gradual rehabilitation transitioning into a controlled landfilling system. It is necessary to adopting modern waste management technologies, including Refuse-Derived Fuel production, landfill mining, and enhanced methane gas monitoring systems, to mitigate environmental risks. The integration of pH as an additional parameter in risk assessment and leachate evaluation is recommended to enhance the precision of environmental monitoring and better predict contaminant behavior. Implementing these measures is expected to minimize environmental impacts, extend the operational lifespan of the landfill, and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Collectively, these efforts align with the objectives of sustainable waste management for Cilegon City
VALORIZATION OF TOMATO AND CABBAGE WASTE FOR BIOHYDROGEN AND FERTILIZER PRODUCTION THROUGH TRICHODERMA-AIDED DARK FERMENTATION
No full textAims: The current study aimed to investigate the feasibility of biohydrogen production from tomato and cabbage waste through dark fermentation with Trichoderma spp. supplementation to enhance substrate degradation. Methodology and results: Laboratory-scale anaerobic reactors with five different Trichoderma concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g) were operated at room temperature for 112 days, during which hydrogen production, glucose consumption, pH, and temperature were continuously monitored. The highest cumulative hydrogen yield was observed in the treatment with 2.5 g of Trichoderma, achieving 44.65 mmol H₂/mol glucose, which is three times greater than the control. Correlation analysis revealed that optimal biohydrogen production was associated with extended incubation periods, elevated temperatures, and lower pH levels (below 6.0); however, increased concentrations of Trichoderma did not consistently enhance hydrogen yield. The liquid digestate from the best-performing reactor was applied as a biofertilizer for chilli seedlings. The 5% digestate treatment significantly promoted plant height and leaf growth compared to the control, suggesting the beneficial effects of bioactive compounds produced by Trichoderma. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Reactor supplemented with 2.5 grams of Trichoderma exhibited the highest biohydrogen production, and a 5% digestate concentration enhanced the growth of chilli seedlings. This study demonstrates the dual potential of agricultural waste valorisation, producing renewable energy and supporting sustainable agriculture, highlighting the promising role of microbial-aided fermentation and biofertilizer applications in circular bioeconomy models
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM-BASED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING IN THE TALLO RIVER WATERSHED, MAKASSAR CITY
No full textAims: This study aims to explore the key issues and potential for implementing Green Infrastructure (GI) in the Tallo River area of Makassar, the largest city in Eastern Indonesia. Given its strategic location near the city center and its extensive undeveloped wetlands, the Tallo River region presents a valuable opportunity for sustainable urban development. The research emphasizes the need for integrated planning that addresses natural, economic, and social dimensions, positioning the Tallo River as a multifunctional resource capable of delivering diverse environmental benefits. Methodology and results: Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a decision support and spatial analysis tool, this study evaluates environmental and socio-economic characteristics of the Tallo River area within the Green Infrastructure framework. Spatial data were analyzed to identify and map existing ecological functions, climate adaptation potential, and flood mitigation capacities. Through this process, various GI components and their functions were classified, and priority zones for Green Infrastructure implementation were delineated based on overlapping environmental and social values. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings highlight the critical role of GIS in supporting integrated urban planning and environmental management. Conceptualizing the Tallo River area as a multifunctional green space offers a pathway to enhance ecological resilience, address climate risks, and improve urban livability. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and urban planners, reinforcing the significance of spatial analysis in guiding sustainable development strategies in rapidly urbanizing regions
INNOVATING URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED MURAL INITIATIVES IN PERENG, CENTRAL JAVA
No full textAim: This study aims to find out how the Pereng community receives education about environmental conservation and cultural creativity through murals, which villagers are familiar with, to ease the burden in terms of cleanliness, for example, dry leaves that fall to the ground because they will rot into compost by natural processes. Methodology and results: The quality of water and soil around Pereng is decreasing based on research results from a team from the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Somebody took a series of approaches, including outreach from the Department of Regency Health. The Pereng people have the character of being able to easily receive information through an arts and cultural approach that is close to their lives. Direct socialization methods tend to be unacceptable because they are judgmental. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: This study show that sensitive people prefer mural images as a means of education compared to direct socialization, which takes up their activity time, are easier to interpret, and are non-judgmental. The Pereng people\u27s busy lives as farmers and traders have been entertained by rich, colorful, and shape murals. The Pereng Creative Village pilot requires strengthening so that somebody can quickly understand the dynamic character of the Pereng community. Murals are an attractive visual medium to explain calls for environmental awareness through two-dimensional images. Murals scattered at several points in Pereng Village represent the village\u27s nature, agricultural products, arts and culture, and productive activities of the community, such as planting rice
INVESTIGATING FLY ASH-BOTTOM ASH-SOIL COMPOSITE AS SUSTAINABLE LINERS FOR URBAN LANDFILLS: GEOTECHNICAL AND ADSORPTION ASSESSMENT
No full textThis study investigates the combination of Fly Ash (FA), Bottom Ash (BA), and Soil (S) as a potential bottom liner in landfills. It is expected to cover the need for sustainable environmental technology, maintain structural strength, and prevent heavy metal pollution in rapidly urbanizing areas, while considering problems related to urban waste management. Aim: Evaluate FABA-Soil mixture as an alternative bottom liner material in landfill by assessing geotechnical performance and Cadmium (Cd) adsorption capacity. Methodology and results: The research explores two issues: mechanical stability (specific gravity, void ratio, compaction, and permeability) and mitigating Cadmium contamination from landfill leachate. Four mixture compositions (FBS1-FBS4), 15%, 30%, 50%, and 65% FABA content, were tested. Laboratory tests are conducted, including compaction, permeability, and adsorption continuous column tests. The results showed that intermediate FABA content (FBS2 and FBS3) may have stronger mechanical stability compared to others. For permeability, all values exceeded the regulatory standard. In the case of adsorption capacity, all compositions effectively removed Cd from the leachate. Conclusion, significance, and the impact study: Results on void ratio (e) and maximum dry density (MDD) suggested that a suitable mixture design may enhance long-term mechanical performance under a normal urban landfill loading situation. The FABA-soil mixture shows promise as an alternative landfill liner in moderate proportions and demonstrates excellent adsorption of heavy metals. All the attributes support general objectives of sustainable urban development and circular resource management, align with sustainable cities and communities, and responsible consumption and production.