Marina Chimica Acta
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PRODUCTION OF PROTEASE ENZYME FROM BACTERIA IN HOT SPRING OF SOUTH SULAWESI, Bacillus licheniformis HSA3-1a
Full text linkBacillus licheniformis HSA3-1a is able to produce extracellular protease. The aim of this research was to find out its production optimum time, consentration of MnCl2, temperature and optimum pH, also the cofactor influence on activity protease from B. licheniformis HSA3-1a. The protease activity was tested with a modified method of Walter. Protease production time was optimum for 36 hours with an activity value of 0,394 U/mL, protein content was 132,35 mg/mL. The Optimum condition of protease enzyme were pH 7,0 and temperature 45 ⁰C with an activity value of 0,0463 U/mL. Protease activity could be inhibited by MnCl2 concentration of 0,01 - 0,03 M
UTILIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE AS ABSORBER FOR 14C ANALYSIS
Full text linkResearch on utilization of sodium hydroxide as absorber for 14C analysis of coral ages estimation in Langkai Island using LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) method has been done. Samples analyzed comes from Langkai Island, which is relatively low disturbing by human activities. Samples were cleaned according to physical and chemical treatment using mixture of acid-base solution: NaOH , H2O2 , HClO4 and HCl. This step remove about 8,62% mass of the sample and it leaves white. Carbonated of sample were remove as CO2 by reaction with HCl 10% and trapped by 5M NaOH as Na2CO3. Total carbon in the sample can be determined by titration method with the total weight of carbon sample are 0,2688 g / 8 mL. Specific activity of carbon-14 in the sample that were counted by Hidex 300 SL liquid Scintillation Counter were 14.72 ± 7.92 DPM/gC related to their age. By applying specific activity of the samples and specific activity carbon-14 in the modern carbon (15.3 ± 0.1 DPM/gC) to radioisotop desintegration equation, the age were 316,90±170,506 years.Keywords : Carbon Dating, Liquid Scintillation Counting, Coral, Spermonde Archiphelag
EVALUATION THREE SCINTILLATORS USED FOR ACTIVITY
Full text linkThree scintillators, ultimagold, aqualight, and aquasol, have been applied to compare performance of liquid scintillation counter upon its C-14 activity measurement in biodiesel supplied by Pertamina in Makassar. The results showed that efficiency of aquasol is lower(0.2), while aqualight and ultimagold is higher (> 0.5). However eff iciency stability of ultimagold is considered better. It can be concluded that using ultimagold may provide more efficient and stable result and consequently more suitable as scintillator
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MINERAL CONTENT IN MALLAWA’S HONEY
No full textWe were found 13 mineral essential and non-essential elements in Mallawa forest’s honey using ICP-OES. Characteristic moisture content, ash content, electrical conductivity and pH are also performed. The Largest mineral content of honey is K up to 103.6 mg/L followed by Ca, Mg and Na (mg/L), respectively 19.6; 7.01; and 3.39. Some micro minerals found in Mallawa’s honey such as Fe, Mn, Se, Co, and Ni (mg/L), respectively 0.497; 0.518; 0.068; 0,036; 0,017. Heavy metals Cd is also present in very small concentrations average of 0.005 mg/L
UTILIZATION OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE COMPOUND AS CARBOSORB
Full text linktilization Of Ammonium Hydroxide Compound As Carbosorb For Measurement Of Carbon-14 In Determination Age Of Coral Reef Sample has been performed. The objective of this research is to Determine the age of Coral Sample of Spermonde Islands through Activity Measurements of carbon-14 with LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) method. Coral sample were taken from around Langkai Island. The steps of this research are: Sample preparation, CO2 absorption with solution of MEA, DEA and TEA and measurement of carbon-14 activity using Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) Hidex 300 SL. Absorption CO2 using ammonium hydroxide. The specific activity of coral sample using carbosorb ammonium hydroxide was 14.43 ± 1,2 DPM/g C. The age of coral sample calculated from the specific activity using carbosorb ammonium hydroxide was 484.63 ± 54 years.Keywords : LSC (Liquid Scintilation Counter), Carbon-14, CO2 Absorption, Ammonium hydroxide, Langkai Islan
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE 16S rRNA MICRO SYMBIONTS
Full text linkMolecular characterization studies have been conducted 16S rRNA gene micro symbiont of sponge origin Melawai Beach, Balikpapan in East Kalimantan. Objective analysis of histomorphological research, isolation-purification, molecular characterization of micro-symbiont genes in order to search symbiont bacteria that can live in extreme environments contaminated hydrocarbon waste. The research method that morphological identification, isolation-purification and molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene with Chain Reaction Polymerization method. The results of histo-morphological analysis concluded sponge samples with species of Callyspongia sp Isolation and purification mikro symbionts of sponge obtained 2 (two) isolates. Characteristics of Isolates 1; spherical shape, colonize and creamy, while isolates 2; jagged shape, oval and white colonies. Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene by PCR, Bacillus subtilis strain BAB-684 identification for isolates one is the number of nucleotide pairs reached 899 bp and the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 89% homologous, while the second is a Bacillus flexus strain PHCDB20 isolates the number reached 950 bp nucleotide pairs with the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 99% homologous.Keywords: Callyspongia sp, micro-symbionts, characterization, gene Molecule
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT ON NINE SPONGES SPECIES FROM SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO
No full textToxicity assessment have been conducted on nine sponges species collected from Spermonde Archipelago namely Kapoposang Island, Samalona Island and Lanjukang Island. Toxicity assessment was using Brine Shrimp lethality Test (BST) method againts sponge extracts. Theresults test were expressed as 50% lethal concentration (LC50) to Artemia salina and correlated with prospecting extract potential as anticancer. All extracts obtained from smallscale extraction by methanol. Test results as follows: Acanthostrongylophora ingens (24.830 μg/mL), Hytios erectus (46.140 μg/mL), Stylissa massa (>1000 μg/mL), Theonella sp (35.010 μg/mL), Niphates olemda (87.500 ppm), Haliclona (Reniera) fascigera (78.160 μg/mL), Petrosia (Petrosia) sp (3.008), Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru (0.515 μg/mL). The test results showed that seven species are potential as anticancer with LC50 value ≤ 500 ppm and only Stylissa massa extracts was not potential as anticancer
UTILIZATION OF METHYLAMINE COMPOUND AS CO2 ABSORBENTS FOR
Full text linkUtilization of methylamine as CO2 absorbent to measure carbon-14 activity of coral sample has been done. The objective of this research is to Determine the age of Coral Sample through Activity Measurements of carbon-14 with LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) method. Sample were taken from Langkai Island which is far from human activities. Sample preparation includes physical and chemical leaching to produce a clean white sample. Carbon in the sample was released as CO2 by reaction with HCl 10 % and than absorbed by methylamine yield carbamate compound. Absorbed carbon in 1 mL absorber was 0,044 g from the results of weight reduction before and after absorption. The specific activity of the coral sample was 14.56 DPM/g C. Age of the coral sample based on the specific activity was 408.48 ± 43.69 years
INITIAL FORMATION OF SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, THE LARGEST REEF PLATFORM IN INDONESIA, EFFORT TO DISCLOSE ITS TIME FRAME
No full textCoral samples were taken from Langkai island waters of Spermonde archipel at four meter depth using university boat and equipped with professional diver. After having been washed, samples were brought into laboratory and cleaning coral by chemical and physical separation. Grinded sample was then acidified with hydrochloric acid 10% to produce CO2 gas, coral origin, and finally absorbed in 5N sodium hydroxyde solution forming Na2CO3 and then calculating carbon amount by volumetric analysis. Eight mL of solution was mixed with twelve mL scintillating solution before measuring it in liquid scintillation counter Hidex 300 SL. Results showed that specific activity of carbon-14 in sample was 14.72 dpm/gC equivalent to 317 years. By application of absorbers other than NaOH, results were relatively the same. It can be concluded that the coral age investigated in Spermonde archipel was about 317 years. Further investigations are required to confirm the results especially in area and depth variations
Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Cadmium in Spermonde Islands Waters Makassar Using Bioindicator of Starfish (Protoreaster nodosus)
No full textThis research aims to develop biomonitoring methods in terms of the development of marine life that can be used as bio-indicators of marine pollution. The analysis was optimized by means of samples taken from three different locations of the Barranglompo island waters, using AAS as an analysis technique. The analysis showed that cadmium content of heavy metals in starfish was 0.9916 ppm at the point I (05002’35,1” south latitude and 119019’46,1” north latitude), 1.0355 ppm at point II (05002’32,5” south latitude and 119019’44,3” north latitude) and 0.7889 ppm at point III (05002’29,4” south latitude and 119019’44,0” north latitude) in Spermonde Islands waters, particu- larly in Barranglompo island waters