Marina Chimica Acta
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THE POTENTIAL BIODEGRADATION HYDROCARBONS OF PETROLEUM SLUDGE WASTE BY CELL BIOMASS SPONGE Callysppongia sp.
Full text linkThe toxicity of petroleum sludge is a serious threat to marine life. Necessary concrete stepspetroleum contamination reduction through a search of potential marine materials degradetoxic components hydrocarbons. The sponge is one potential material reducing toxicproperties of petroleum contamination. The research objective was to determine thepotential Callyspongia sp sponge against the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbonsludge. Four variations of treatment used to determine the potential of sponge biomass,namely: the treatment I, II, III and IV. Indicators degradation is the formation of gas, thesmell fermentation, pH changes and increase in the absorbance of the suspension of mediadegradation. The level degradation each treatment is determined gravimetric method andthe known hydrocarbon component changes by using GC-MS. Unidentified gas, the smellof fermentation and changes in media of pH on average degradation occurs on the 15 daysof contact for all treatments. Data showed degradation occurs absorbance maximum at 20-25 days to contact. The highest degradation rates indicated by IV treatment (26.93 %), III(24.84 %), II (22.59 %), and I: (18.20 %). Found 20 kinds of components in the wastesludge aliphatic petroleum to form a homologous series nC10-nC30, and two aromaticcomponents, namely the 2.7-dimethyl naphthalene and 1.4-dimethyl azulene. Callyspongiasp sponge biomass concluded at the highest IV treatment degrading aliphatichydrocarbons, then treatment III, II and I, while the aromatic components are not degradedby biomass Callyspongia sp sponge at all treatments
ANALYSIS OF Fe, Zn, AND Cr AT SOME FRACTIONATED PROTEINS IN SPONGE AGELAS NAKAMURAI
Full text linkThis research aims to analyze the concentration of metals Fe, Zn, and Cr in protein fractions of sponge Agelas nakamurai from Kapoposang Island, Spermonde archipelago. Protein samples were extracted, fractionated using various saturated ammonium sulphate (SAS) concentration, namely 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% and 60-80%, then purified by dialysis using celophane membranes. Each fraction was digested using microwave before metal analysis using ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). The results have shown that highest iron concentration was found in 20-40% fraction, 28.2 µg/L, while lowest one was in 60-80% fraction, 2.39 µg/L. For Zn, its highest concentration were found 20-40% fraction, 9.42 µg/L and the lowest one was 40-60%, 3.66 µg/L. On the other hand, the concentration of Cr was found highest at 20-40% fraction, 2.28 µg/L, while its lowest amount was at 60-80% fraction, 0.238 µg/L. In the meantime, its high- est antibacterial activity was at 0-20% fraction examined in Salmonella thypusa with inhibition diameter was 7,00 mm, where the amount of essential metals Fe, Zn and Cr are 17,2 µg/L, 6,32 µg/L, 1,47 µg/L. It was concluded that the essential metals investigated were coexisted and distrib- uted in several protein fractions and its bioactive properties.Keywords : Agelas nakamurai, Bioactive protein, essential metals, ICP-OES, Kapoposang Islan
MICROSYMBIONT AND MORPHOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE ANALYSIS
Full text link Determination biomass and phenotypic analysis of microsymbionts sponge is a comprehensive effort to discover the specificity of the sponge, not only on the identification and characterization studies that have been growing. Research directed at diversification of knowledge of the functions and benefits of a sponge for the life and welfare of mankind. The purpose of this research is the analysis of biomass morphology and phenotype test microsymbionts sponge. Histomorfologi analysis method to determine the type, components and composition biomass. Isolates obtained by sponge microsymbiont isolation-purification followed by phenotypic analysis through Gram staining and biochemical tests. Histomorfologi analysis results obtained sponge species is Callyspongia sp. Components and composition consists of sponge biomass fraction skeleton (spicules and cell debris) reached 69.8 %, 18.8 % sponge cell fraction and 11.3 % bacterial pellet fraction. The results of the isolation-purification microsymbiont obtained two isolates. Staining test results both isolates are Gram-positive bacteria and biochemical tests is Bacillus subtilis isolates the spherical shape large size, beige and white, while the isolates two clustered colonies are bacillus flexus jagged shape elongated, white-purple color and a separate colony. Keywords: histomorfologi, phenotype, Callyspongia sp, biomass, microsymbiont, sponge
EFFECT OF HEATING AND STORAGE TIME LEVELS 5- (Hydroxy Methyl) furan-2- KARBALDEHIDA (HMF) IN HONEY ORIGIN MALLAWA
Full text linkA research has been on determining the origin of forest honey quality Mallawa Maros based on the levels of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural-2-karbaldehida (HMF)is quantitatively based on the variation of heating temperature and duration of storage with White spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the levels of forest honey HMF origin Mallawa on heating temperature 35°C,90°C and 110°C respectively is 42.2023 mg/Kg, 46.0274 mg/Kg and 62.2520 mg/Kg. While the storage duration for 3,4, and 5 months had higher levels of HMF each 27.4309 mg/Kg, 42.5158 mg/Kg and 48.9405 mg/Kg. Heating temperature and storage time a big influence on levels of HMF and show a strong relationship to the water content, pH and free acid, reducing sugar content and diastase enzyme activity. Based on the research results, levels of HMF at the heating temperature of 110oC has passed the standards set by the SNI (up to 50 mg/Kg). Whereas the standard set by IHC for honey originating from thetropics (80 mg/ Kg
COMPARISON OF MEA, DEA AND TEA AS CO2 ABSORBENTS FOR
Full text linkComparison of MEA, DEA and TEA as CO2 absorbent to measure carbon-14 activity of coral sample has been performed. This research aimed to Determine the age of coral reef sample of Spermonde Islands by measuring the activity of carbon-14 using the method Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). The sample of coral reef were collected in Langkai Island. The research were conducted by following steps of sample preparation, the CO2 absorption using the solutions of MEA, DEA and TEA. The measurement of the carbon-14 activities was performed using the Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) Hidex 300 SL. The research results indicated that the absorption capacities of MEA, DEA and TEA were 0.5180, 0.5903 and the absorbents of MEA, DEA and TEA were 14.44, 14.59, and 14.42 DPM/g C respectively. The age of the coral reef sample, which was calculated based on the specific activity values using the absorbents of MEA, DEA and TEA were 480.15 ± 37; 390.11 ± 60 and 488.22 ± 87 years respectively.Keywords : LSC (Liquid Scintilation Counter), Carbon-14, CO2 Absorption, Alkanolamine, Langkai Islan
UTILIZATION OF HYDROXIDE COMPOUND AS CO2 ABSORBENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF CARBON-14 IN CORAL REEF SAMPLE FROM SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO
Full text linkThe use of hydroxide compounds as CO2 absorbents for Measurement of Carbon-14 in Coral Reef Sample fromSpermonde Archipelago. This research aimed to determine the age of coral reef sample of Spermonde Archipelago by measuring the activity of carbon-14 using the method Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). The coral reef sample was collected in Langkai Island. The research was conducted by following steps of sample preparation, the CO2 absorption using the hydroxide solutions (KOH and NaOH). The measurement of the carbon-14 activities was performed using the Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) Hidex 300 SL. The research results indicated that the absorption capacities of KOH and NaOH were 0,450 and 0,425 mol CO2/mol hydroxide respectively. The specific activity of coral reef sample using absorbent KOH and NaOH were 14.51; and 14.57 DPM/g C, respectively.The age of coral reef sample, which was calculated based on the specific activity values using the absorbents KOH and NaOH were 436.13; and 403.61years, respectively
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION of BACTERIA DEGRADING
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to obtain bacterial isolates originating from Port Paotere waters capable of degrading pyrene compound. From the results of the isolation and molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene was obtained 3 types of bacteria is Alcaligenes faecalis to isolate A, Sphingobacterium sp. to isolate B, Bacillus Cereus to isolate C. BLAST results for the third isolates achieve a high degree of similarity genus, reaching 99%.Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HAP), pyrene, isolation of bacteria, biodegradatio
DETERMINATION OF THE BIOSOLAR QUALITY BY ANALYSIS
Full text linkResearch on biodiesel quality through the analysis of trace elements concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) resulting from commercial biodiesel and of various formulations of blending between biodiesel from palm oil with diesel oil has been done. The study begins with the manufacture of biodiesel through a process of esterification and transesterification reaction with methanol, biodiesel quality analysis, and manufacturing of biodiesel at various blending namely B5, B10, B15, B20, and B25. Trace elements analysis was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). The research found concentration of trace elements in commercial biodiesel A and commercial biodiesel B dominated by K of 10.68 mg/L and 9,424 mg/L, followed by Mg, Na, Ca, and Fe. Most trace elements in biodiesel B5 is K amounted to 5.846 mg/L, followed by Na, Mg, Ca, and U. Trace elements are most in biodiesel B10 K of 7.113 mg/L, followed by U, Na, Mg, Fe and Ca. Most trace elements in biodiesel B15 is Na amounted to 35.89 mg/L, followed by Fe and Mg. Most trace elements in biodiesel B20 is K amounted to 7.154 mg/L, followed by Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe. Most trace elements in biodiesel B25 is K amounted to 6.154 mg/L, followed by Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe.Keywords: Biodiesel, ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasm
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACT FROM RED ALGAE Eucheuma cottonii AND Eucheuma spinosum
Full text linkRed algae Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum which one alternative source of antioxidant and anticancer because contains polysaccharide compound. This research aims to isolate and examine the activity of antioxidant and toxicity polysaccharide extract from red algae Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum . The study was carried out by isolating the polysaccharide extract using water and methanol-ethanol precipitation. Antioxidant activity of crude extract was examined using 1,1-Difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method, and toxicity test was carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The research results showed that the crude extract polysaccharide for Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum have strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 72,49 ppm and 75,98 ppm. The result of BSLT assay showed that the crude extract polysaccharide has a highest toxicity with LC50 value of 165,88 ppm and 337,21 ppm there are classified as toxic. The crude extract polysaccharide Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum has a potential to be developed as an alternative antioxidant and anticancer agent
UTILIZATION OF ETHANOLAMINE AS CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORBER FOR
Full text linkUtilization of ethanolamine as carbon dioxide absober for estimating of coral age from langkai island via LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) method has been done. Focus is to analyze coral reefs taken from Langkai island surface which is relatively far from the influence of human activities. Chemical preparation was carried out by using a mixture of NaOH with H2O2 30% followed by a mixture of HClO4 with H2O2 30%, and finally with HCl solution to produce a clean sample with 8.6% weight reduction. Carbonate matrix samples as CO2 is produced by reaction with HCl 10% and absorbed by ethanolamine solution 30% as carbamate complex. The total carbon in the sample solution is 4.542 grams obtained through decreased method after and before absorbtion process. Total carbon in 8 mL sample is 0.2477 grams. Radiocarbon dating method based on the measurement of the specific activity of the samples acquired from the result of LSC (Liquid Scintilation Counter)Hidex 300 SL counting. Age of coral reefs was counted from specific activities data and average activities of modern carbon by using radioisotope decay rate formula. The spesific activities of 14C in coral reefs from Langkai island is 14.55 ± 1.1 dpm/gC. Finally the age of coral reefs was estimated 415.01 ± 91.08 years.Keywords: Coral reefs, LSC (Liquid Scintilation Counting), radiocarbon dating, Spermonde islands