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Norming the Norm of Relationality: A Theological and Interreligious Exploration of the Trinitarian Doctrine
No full textShould all metaphysical reflections on the Trinity begin with the “substance/essence” ontology? This approach has frequently regression into metaphysical speculation, as in the historical theology of the Church. Are there alternative models that we can glean from the history of the Church that can provide a new means of conceptualizing the doctrine of the Trinity? This essay considers this issue at length to suggest a “relational ontology” paradigm in constructing the Trinitarian doctrine. It also makes use of Vishishtadvaita (Qualified Non-Dualism in Hindu philosophy) conception of “body-soul” analogy to render a “qualitative panentheistic” model in construing the doctrine of the Trinity. These theological and interreligious explorations are expected to shed more light on the issue.Haruskah semua refleksi metafisik tentang Trinitas bermula dengan ontologi “substansi/esensi”? Pendekatan ini seringkali menyebabkan kemunduran spekulasi metafisik, sebagaimana disaksikan dalam teologi sejarah gereja. Apakah ada model alternatif yang bisa kita ambil dari sejarah gereja yang dapat menyediakan cara baru untuk mengkonsepkan doktrin Trinitas? Esai ini mempertimbangkan isu ini panjang lebar untuk menunjukkan paradigma “ontologi relasional” dalam membina doktrin Trinitarian. Hal ini juga membuat penggunaan Vishishtadvaita (Kualifikasi Non-Dualisme dalam filsafat Hindu) konsepsi analogi “tubuh-jiwa” untuk membuat model “kualitatif panenteistik” dalam membangun doktrin Trinitas. Eksplorasi teologi dan keberagaman agama ini diharapkan lebih menjelaskan masalah ini
Practical Considerations for Paul Ricoeur’s “Transformation of Subjectivity” In The Indonesian Context
No full textHermeneutics is the task of interpreting in the area of action. The purpose of interpreting is the emancipation of a better and fairer life. One of the hermeneutic thinkers is Paul Ricoeur. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic project is built on criticism of the subject. Its purpose of producing a “transformation of subjectivity.” By undermining the illusion of the absolute, exploitative, and dominant matter manifested in the homo oeconomicus. This transformation of subjectivity can be used to analyze the area of action in public space. There are three hermeneutical tasks. The first is a hermeneutical task in poverty; the second is its task in the context of environmental damage (ecology). And the third is its task in the context of fighting economic and political injustice. All hermeneutical tasks are supported by the basic ethics of emancipation, namely “love and justice.
Organizational Justice in Young Churches: Maximizing Fair Treatment of Others and Responding to Violations
No full textOrganizational justice is the perception that one is being treated fairly in an organization, especially by those who hold power, such as the leaders within a church, both lay and staff. These perceptions of fairness (or lack of fairness) will influence church members’ commitment to, satisfaction with, and involvement in their church, as well as their psychological and spiritual well-being. Young churches are especially susceptible to the consequences of violations of organizational justice because young churches experience frequent changes in programs and delegation of responsibilities. Leaders of young churches should seek to maximize organizational justice, grounded in biblical principles, in order to have a healthy, functional body of believers who work together to serve God. These leaders need to respond to justice violations with humility, managing any conflicts that occur in effective and constructive ways. They must also work to prevent organizational justice violations in young churches from becoming engrained in the churches’ culture
Piety in Thoughts of John Wesley And Friedrich Schleiermacher
Get PDFIt is a misconception to identify modernity with secularization. When modernity simply creates the potential platform for secularization. On the one hand, modernity lessens the influence of piety to a minimum, and on the other hand, it restores piety and even modernizes piety without secularization. This essay focuses on telling the story of modernity in attempting to build a knowledge of God through the lens of piety. It centers on the work of two modern theologians: John Wesley and Friedrich Schleiermacher. The juxtaposition of Wesley and Schleiermacher is not without reason. Both of them are strongly influenced by the Moravian Brethren, which heavily emphasized a pietistic element in their community. This essay, however, will not explain the teaching of Moravian Brethren other than presenting their pietistic emphasis that was retained in Wesley and Schleiermacher's works. This essay argues that Schleiermacher's notion of a feeling of absolute dependence’ fills the rational gap of Wesleyan pietistic concept. It also discusses how the ‘Evangelical Revival/First Great Awakening’ and ‘Romanticism’ shaped Wesley and Schleiermacher, respectively, as they formulated their concept of piety. This essay is structured as follows. First, it presents the Evangelical Revival/First Great Awakening as the historical backdrop of Wesley's thought and continues with exhibiting Wesley’s concept of piety. Then, the essay describes the Romantic era and Schleiermacher's idea of piety.Adalah sebuah miskonsepsi untuk mengidentifikasi modernitas dengan sekularisasi, ketika modernitas hanya sekedar menciptakan panggung yang potensial untuk sekularisasi. Di satu sisi, modernitas mengurangi pengaruh kesalehan hingga taraf minimal, namun di sisi lain, modernitas memulihkan kesalehan. Makalah ini berfokus dalam menceritakan ulang kisah modernitas dalam upaya membangun pengetahuan akan Allah melalui lensa kesalehan. Makalah ini memusatkan diri pada karya dua teologi modern: John Wesley dan Friedrich Schleiermacher. Penjajaran Wesley dan Schleiermacher bukan tanpa alasan. Keduanya sangat dipengaruhi oleh Persaudaran Moravianyang sangat menekankan pada elemen kesalehan dalam komunitas mereka. Makalah ini, bagaimanapun, tidak menjelaskan pengajaran Persaudaraan Moravian selain menyajikan penekanan kesalehan yang dipertahankan dalam karya Wesley dan Schleiermacher. Makalah ini berupaya untuk menunjukkan bahwa gagasan Schleiermacher tentang perasaan akan ketergantungan absolut mengisi celah rasional dari konsep kesalehan John Wesley. Makalah ini juga membahas bagaimana Evangelical Revival/First Great Awakening dan Romantisisme membentuk Wesley dan Schleiermacher kala mereka merumuskan konsep kesalehan mereka masing-masing. Untuk mendukung argumen ini, makalah ini disusun sebagai berikut. Pertama, makalah ini menyajikan Evangelical Revival/First Great Awakening sebagai latar sejarah dari pemikiran Wesley dan dilanjutkan dengan menyajikan konsep kesalehan Wesley. Kemudian, makalah ini menjelaskan era Romantis dan konsep kesalehan Schleiermacher
Entrepreneurship and the Relation with Mission in the Church of Indonesia
No full textHow important is Entrepreneurship in the context of the church of Indonesia? A sketch of the common situation and a desirable situation. How can the church grow when there is still a paradox about the relation between: “Entrepreneurship and the church”? What could be the future for the church in a rapidly changing Indonesia? In this article, the author wants to describe the current status of the church in Indonesia. The author also wants to discuss the rise of Islam in Indonesia. Finally, the author wants to develop a model that will help Christians gain recognition in areas that not have been reached with the gospel in Indonesia today. The author will do this on the basis of his experiences in recent years when working in Indonesia to establish bridges between Christians and Muslims in an area that has not yet been reached. The author did this by setting up and starting up activities that give Christians a legitimate status in that area. From this legitimate status arise relationships and contacts with the local population. The focus of this article is on his experiences. The church is experiencing major difficulties in Indonesia in and after 2020. How can the church in Indonesia go out and reach people who do not yet know Jesus as their Savior and Lord
Responsibilities of Students in Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic and New Normal period
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic is occurring worldwide, including in Indonesia. This issue is the responsibility of all parties. In this university, ethics is the responsibility of the academic community. This paper describes the actions of students towards themselves, and the surrounding community is facing humanitarian disasters. Literature studies are used to lay down problems and find solutions. Study critical of student responsibility in higher education. They share with others with love. Its activities are sharing masks and food and conducting blood donations. Small actions that have a significant impact on society during the COVID-19 and New Normal pandemic
Magic in Greco-Roman Era: A Historical Context to Understand Magic in the Acts of the Apostles
No full textMagic is an important topic in the New Testament but compared to other topics of discussion in New Testament Studies, the significance of the theme of magic has been unjustly undermined as indicated by David E. Aune. From the all eight occurrences of magic in the New Testament, four are found in the Acts of the Apostles. Therefore, the Acts of the Apostles is the most significant source to understand magic in the New Testament. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the significant of magic in the Greco-Roman era as the historical context to understand magic in the Acts of the Apostles. Since Christianity flourished in the Greco-Roman era, the understanding of magic in the Greco-Roman era is significant to understand its confrontation with Christianity in the Acts of the Apostles. This article will analyze mainly the first source of magic in the Greek magical papyri, the definition of magic, its principles, and its spell related to the Acts of the Apostles, and the relation between magic and religion in Greco-Roman Era. The judgment on magic will then be provided in the end of this article as the foundation to further study of the Acts of the Apostles
Peer Tutor Learning Model in CRE-Based Discipleship Teaching According to Matthew 28: 19-20 at High Schools in Makassar City
No full textThis scientific work digs deeper into the peer tutoring learning model to be applied to Christian Religious Education (CRE) teaching in high schools. The peer tutoring learning model contained the following steps. First, choose the material and divide it into sub-materials. Second, the teacher forms heterogeneous groups of students as many sub-materials. Third, each group learns the material guided by intelligent students. Fourth, allow sufficient time for preparation both inside and outside the classroom. Fifth, each group, through their representatives, submits sub-materials following the given tasks. The teacher remains as a resource. Sixth, provide conclusions and clarifications if there is a student understanding that needs to be straightened. Besides, the problem of achieving CRE goals for students, as well as the material presented in curriculum learning, touches on Matthew 28:19-20's mandate. The formulation of the problem studied is “How is the concept of discipleship, according to Matthew 28:19-20 applied to the teaching of CRE in high schools using the peer tutoring learning model?” The aim to be achieved in this research is to formulate disciplinary formulas and materials, and according to Matthew 28:19-20 to be applied by using the model of peer tutoring in teaching CRE at High School in Makassar City. The method used in this study is a research and development method or in English called research and development abbreviated as R&D. The main conclusion reached is CRE-based discipleship teaching according to the Gospel of Matthew 28:19-20 in line with the Great Commission, thereby increasing the chances of the commission being carried out.Tulisan ilmiah ini menjelaskan lebih dalam model pembelajaran tutor sebaya untuk diterapkan pada pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di sekolah menengah. Selain itu, masalah pencapaian tujuan CRE untuk siswa, serta materi yang disajikan dalam pembelajaran kurikulum menyentuh pada Amanat Agung dalam Injil Matius 28: 19-20. Rumusan masalah yang diteliti adalah “Bagaimana konsep pemuridan menurut Matius 28: 19-20 diterapkan pada pengajaran CRE di sekolah-sekolah tinggi menggunakan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya?” Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan disingkat dengan metode R&D. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Siswa yang diberikan materi pengajaran PAK sama dengan materi pengajaran Yesus berdasarkan Matius 28: 19-20 menggunakan model pembelajaran Peer Tutor yang mengalami perjumpaan dengan Tuhan Yesus. Siswa kemudian menggunakan bahan yang diajarkan kepadanya untuk memuridkan siswa lain, dan seterusnya sampai semua bangsa menjadi murid-Nya. Kesimpulan utama yang dicapai adalah pengajaran PAK berbasis pemuridan sesuai dengan Injil Matius 28: 19-20 sejalan dengan Amanat Agung, dengan demikian meningkatkan pelaksanaan Amanat Agung
Paulus dan Perempuan
Get PDFArtikel ini berfokus untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan meliputi: (1) Siapa rekan-rekan perempuan Paulus? (2) Apa ajaran Paulus untuk istri-istri? (3) Apa ajaran Paulus tentang perempuan dan pelayanannya? (4) Menurut Paulus, apakah perempuan dapat melayani sebagai penilik jemaat? (5) Menurut Paulus, apakah perempuan dapat melayani sebagai diaken? (6) Menurut Paulus, apakah ada perbedaan antara pelayanan laki-laki dan pelayanan perempuan? (7) Apa yang ditulis Paulus mengenai pelayanan perempuan? Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan dalam pelayanan laki-laki dan pelayanan perempuan menurut Paulus. Ekspektasi Paulus, seorang penilik jemaat adalah seorang laki-laki dan bukan perempuan. Namun, perempuan dapat berperan dalam pelayanan diaken. Perempuan juga dapat mendidik perempuan lain yang lebih muda. Berkaitan dengan istri, Paulus menekankan akan ketundukan istri terhadap suami. Bukan bentuk diskriminasi terhadap kaum perempuan. Ini penekanan Paulus bagi istri; istri tunduk kepada suami sebagai wujud perempuan yang takut akan Tuhan. Istri sadar bahwa suami adalah “sumber keberadaan” mereka.This article focus to answer a couple of question, include: (1) Who are Paul women partners? (2) What is Paul’s teaching about wives? (3) What is Paul’s teaching about a woman and her ministry? (4) According to Paul, can woman serve as an overseer? (5) Can a woman serve as a deacon? (6) Is there any difference ministry between man and woman? (7) What did Paul write about woman ministry? The conclusion is there are differences between man and woman ministry according to Paul. Paul’s expectation tells us that an overseer is a man and not a woman. However, a woman can be a deacon. A woman can teach another woman that younger. About wife, Paul tells us that wife should submit to her husband. About this, not discrimination. Paul’s emphasis on wives; the wife should submit to the husband as a form of their fear of God. The wife realizes that her husband is her “existence source.
Pengaruh Model Mentoring Robert Clinton Terhadap Kecakapan Kepemimpinan Pekerja di GKII Daerah Pontianak
No full textPenulis memfokuskan penelitian model mentoring terhadap pengembangan kecakapan kepemimpinan pekerja secara khusus pekerja di Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia (GKII) Daerah Pontianak. Di samping itu juga penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan teori-teori baru tentang model mentoring untuk pengembangan kecakapan kepemimpinan pekerja dan bahan acuan bagi para pemimpin gereja dalam mengembangkan pemimpin baru untuk meningkatkan pelayanan di Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia (GKII) Daerah Pontianak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda, analisis korelasi, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi dua variabel, yaitu variabel model mentoring Robert Clinton dan pengembangan kecakapan kepemimpinan yang sangat signifikan.The author focuses the research on the mentoring model on developing workers’ leadership skills, specifically for workers in GKII in the Pontianak site. Besides, this research is also expected to be able to provide new theories about the mentoring model for the development of workers’ leadership skills and reference materials for church leaders in developing new leaders to improve service in GKII in Pontianak. This research is a quantitative study using multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis, and the coefficient of determination. The results showed a correlation between two variables, namely Robert Clinton’s mentoring model variable and the development of essential leadership skills.