Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
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KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN FUNGSIONAL PATI HIDROTERMAL UBI JALAR UNGU
Get PDFStarch is a processed product from sweet potato widely used in foods product. However, in general native sweet potato starch has constrains that often inhibits its application in food products. Starch hydrothermal modification might overcome the problem. This study aimed to study the effect of hydrother-mal treatment on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of purple sweet potato starch. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e. modification of starch purple sweet potato variety antin-3 hydrothermally, i.e. using moisture content of 30, 50% and heating temperature of 55 and 75°C, and characterization of the physicochemical and functional properties of the modified starch. The yield of starch from purple sweet potato by wet extraction method was 16.81±1.48%. Hydrothermal treatment on the purple sweet potato starch did not alter the concentration of starch, amylose and amylopectin. The natural and hydrothermal starches had polygonal granular shape. The swelling power of the hydrothermal starch incubated at 75°C was higher than that of incubated at 55°C, while the hydrothermal starch solubility was lower than the natural starch. The natural and hydrothermal starches of purple sweet potato had an A-type starch gelatinization profile. Hydrothermal treatment of starch with 50% moisture content at 75°C could change the functional properties of starch, i.e increased the proportion of slowly digestible starch by 22%
LABEL TIME-TEMPERATURE INDICATOR MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN MINYAK NABATI UNTUK MEMONITOR MUTU MIKROBIOLOGI SUSU PASTEURISASI
Get PDFPasteurized milk (PM) is a perishable product requiring storage at cold temperatures to maintain its shelf life. However, the temperature fluctuations during transportation, handling, and storage could affect the number of microbial counts of the product. A time-temperature indicator (TTI) can be used to monitor product conditions in real time, so consumers know the condition of the product during transportation and storage. This study aims to determine the ability of a mixed vegetable oil (VOB) as a TTI indicator and evaluate the validity of TTI as an indicator of PM microbiological degradation. The VOB was produced from a mixture of palm oil (PO), canola oil (CA), and olive oil (OV) at ratios of 50:40:10 (C1), 50:25:25 (C2), and 50:10:40% (v/v) (C3), with the addition of 0.25% (m/v) of red dye (CI 16255). The VOBs were tested its for diffusion length, diffusion kinetics, and the accuracy of the prediction model of each indicator at isothermal temperatures. The VOB indicator can be applied to monitor the total growth of microbes in PM. The value of the activation energy (Ea) of each indicator was 34.289 (C1); 35,294 (C2) and 40,646 kJ/mol (C3), while the Ea value of the microbial spoilage in PM was 58,105 kJ/mol. The difference between the Ea PM value and each indicator was less than 25 kJ/mol. Indicating that the accuracy of the prediction model was good. At storage temperature of 29°C, the critical limit for PM spoilage occurs after 24 hours of storage which correlated with the diffusion length indicator of 6.50 (C1), 6.25 (C2), and 5.5 cm (C3). Overall, the indicators observed can be used to monitor the microbiological spoilage of PM, so that the actual quality of PM before consumption can be estimated
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING TERHADAP SERAT PANGAN MUFFIN, KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI
No full textPumpkin is one of the high-fiber food sources which is abundant in Indonesia, but it is still widely un-derutilized. The use of pumpkin was expected to increase dietary fiber content in food product as well as to become one of food diversification alternatives. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the effect of addition of pumpkin flour into muffin formula on dietary fiber content, physicochemical and sensory cha-racteristics as well as to determine the best muffin developed. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which applied two factors namely, types of pumpkin flour (AP and AB) and the concentra-tions of pumpkin flour (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The study was repeated twice in three replication trials. The AP pumpkin was soaked in 0.10% sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) solution at an initial temperature of 80°C, while AB pumpkin was soaked in a 0.10% Na2S2O5 solution at a room temperature (30°C). The re-sults showed that the increasing concentration levels of both pumpkin flour types decreased expansion volume, brightness, moisture content, and panelist acceptance towards the muffins. On the other hand, it increased bulk density, hardness, and dietary fiber content of the muffins. Based on sensory evaluation, the formulation comprising of 75:25 wheat flour to AB pumpkin ratio produced the best preferred muffin, because it was comparable to the control. Although the pumpkin muffin had lower acceptability than the control for all organoleptic parameters, it had a excellent value of dietary fiber. About one serving (ca 45 g) of 100% pumpkin muffin could meet the daily needs for Indonesian, at 29-31% per individual per day
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA KONJUGAT ISOLAT PROTEIN KEDELAI-LAKTOSA YANG BERPOTENSI DALAM PENURUNAN ALERGENISITAS
Get PDFSoy protein isolate (SPI) is a product from soybeans with great functionality thus is widely used as an ingredient in any formulation by food and beverage industries. Glycation is commonly done to improve protein functionality and reduce its allergenicity. This research aims to analyze the influence of incubation time of SPI and lactose on the degree of glycation of SPI-lactose conjugates, free amino acid and lactose bases, and to identify the molecular weight and intensity of the protein band of the SPI-lactose conjugate. SPIs were obtained by pH adjustment. The glycation of SPI and lactose was undertaken at pH 9.5, 95°C for 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The determination of the glycation degree of the SPI-lactose conjugate was carried out using several methods, i.e. TBA-based method, HPLC and Bradford analysis. The profiles of the protein molecular weight was analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results revealed that longer incubation time induced a greater degree of glycation. SDS-PAGE showed that the soybean sample had 13 protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 11.8 to 170.2 kDa. Glycation of SPI with lactose at 95°C could remove or lower the intensity of protein bands with molecular weight of 66.6; 56.1 and 30.9 kDa, which were presumed to be the major allergens in soybean
FILM EDIBEL ANTIBAKTERI BERBASIS ISOLAT PROTEIN KEDELAI DENGAN EKSTRAK KUNYIT DAN NANOPARTIKEL SENG OKSIDA
Get PDFSoy protein isolate (SPI) is one of the base materials for edible film production in addition to polysaccharide and lipid, but it does not have antibacterial activities. Incorporation of antibacterial agents may increase the functional properties of edible films. This research was aimed to determine the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and turmeric extract addition into soy protein isolate-based films on the physical, mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of the films. Edible films were prepared by dissolving 5 grams of SPI into 100 mL of distilled water followed by the addition of ZnO-NPs (0, 1, and 2.5% of the SPI weight) and/or added with turmeric extracts (0 and 2.5% of the SPI weight). The results showed that addition of ZnO-NPs and turmeric extracts into the films significantly increased the thickness and values of tensile strength, while addition of turmeric extract decreased the percent of films elongation. Addition of ZnO-NPs had a significant effect in decreasing the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) values. The combination of ZnO-NPs and turmeric extracst had a considerable effects in inhibiting E.coli growth in the range of 2.25 mm to 3.18 mm. Meanwhile, addition of ZnO-NPs resulted in inhibition against E.coli in the range of 2.54 mm to 4.29 mm. Furthermore, this research showed that addition of ZnO NPs and turmeric extracts could improve the physical and mechanical properties of SPI-based film. The best films was obtained by using ZnO NPs at 2.5% which potentially can be used as an antibacterial packaging
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK TEPUNG TEH HIJAU YANG DIPROSES MENGGUNAKAN MESIN DISC MILL DAN STONE MILL
No full textSize reduction could affect the physical properties of green tea powder. The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties of green tea powder processed by different milling methods. A disc mill (DM) with single screw made from stainless steel and a stone mill (SM) made from granite stone were used to produce green tea powder. Water holding capacity, water solubility index, swelling capacity, wettability, extraction yield, dispersibility and dispersion stability, and particle size distribution were analyzed to determine the physical properties of green tea powder. The morphology and shape of green tea powder were also observed using scanning electron microscopy. The DM method produced green tea powder with higher values of water absorption index, swelling capacity and water holding capacity, i.e. 4.57 g/g; 5.17 mL/g; and 6.18 g/g respectively. Green tea powder with SM method had a brighter color with L value of 60.1 and was a fine powder with d50 of 1.4 µm. Based on the above physical properties, green tea powder with SM milling method is more suitable as food products
RETENSI FORTIFIKAN VITAMIN A DAN β-KAROTEN DALAM MINYAK GORENG SAWIT SELAMA PEMASAKAN
Get PDFThis study was carried out to obtain information on fortificants (vitamin A and β-carotene) stability in fortified palm oil. Four types of fortified palm oils were used in this research: palm oil fortified with red palm oil or RPO (containing β-carotene) 47.08 IU/g, vitamin A (Retinyl palmitate) 56.59 IU/g, combination A (targeted concentration of 30 IU β-carotene RPO and 15 IU vitamin A) 45.65 IU/g and combination B (targeted concentration of 15 IU β-carotene RPO and 30 IU vitamin A) 45.95 IU/g. These fortified oils were then used for shallow frying and sautéing (stir frying). Tofu was used in shallow frying and the oil was reused three times each day for several days. Meanwhile, bean sprout was used for sautéing. The used oils after shallow frying was then analyzed for vitamin A and β-carotene retention, as well as its other cha-racteristics such as peroxide value and free fatty acid (FFA) content. The sauted sprouts was also ana-lyzed for its fortificants retention. The capacity of oil to retain vitamin A and β-carotene decreased over the repeated use in frying. During the first frying, the retention of fortificants was not significanly differrent (P=0.05). In the second and third frying, β-carotene was less retained than the vitamin A. Fortificant combi-nation A and B had similar stability. The peroxide value of the oils increased until the second frying, then decreased. Starting the fourth use, the FFA percentage has not increased much hardly increased. The highest yield of fortificant in sautéed sprouts was vitamin A (63.37%), followed by combination B (53.42%), combination A (50.60%), and RPO (34.86%). Sautéed sprout (150 g) contained fortificant contributing to the fulfillment of vitamin A adequacy of 32.71-92.93%
OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN SOHUN UBI JALAR MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRUDER PEMASAK-PENCETAK
Get PDFSweet potatoes have a fairly diverse varieties and the difference in varieties is assumed to influence the starch physicochemical properties. The objective of this research was to optimize the sweet potato vermicelli production using a cooking-forming extruder. The starch characterization included proximate analysis, starch content, amylose content and gelatinization profile. Sweet potato vermicelli was made with the starch of sweet potaoto Ace variety. Meanwhile, process and formula optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The amount of starch used was in the range of 62.5–69.0 g, the amount of water was 31.0–37.5 g, extruder temperature of 80-90°C and screw rotation of 90-120 rpm. The starch of sweet potato Ace variety had the highest level of carbohydrate, total starch and amylose (99.16, 86.91, and 8.77% db, respectively). It also had the most excellent cooking endurance as shown by the lowest breakdown viscosity (5183.33 cP), and the best tendency of retrogradation as shown by the highest setback viscosity (1328.00 cP). The optimum combination for the vermicelli making was 65.2 g of starch, 34.8 g of water, extruder temperature of 85°C and screw rotation of 115 rpm. The sweet potato vermicelli from the optimum condition resulted in 20.85% actual cooking loss and 164.98% elongation. Process improvement with freezing and fan drying of the vermicelli produced a better quality of vermicelli with 12.90% cooking loss and 196.42% elongation
PENAMBAHAN GULA DAPAT MENINGKATKAN STABILITAS WARNA EKSTRAK ANTOSIANIN BUAH MURBEI HITAM YANG TERPAPAR CAHAYA FLUORESENS
Get PDF Anthocyanins are red to purple pigments and one of potent safe and natural food colorants which possess superior antioxidant activity. However, the stability of anthocyanins depends on various factors, including structure and concentrations, pH, temperatures, light, co-pigment, ascorbic acid, enzymes, metal ions, sugars, protein, sulfur dioxide. The aims of this research were to evaluate the effects of sugar addition on the stability of anthocyanin of black mulberry under different fluorescent light intensities and to determine the appropriate concentration of sugar that could increase black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) anthocyanin stability. Fluorescent lamp at 3370, 4210, and 8820 lux (18, 23, and 32 watt, respectively) were used to illuminate black mulberry fruit extract (10.09 g/L) following 20, 40, 60% (w/v) of sugar addition. Determination of anthocyanin color stability in extract of black mulberry fruit was perfomed using degradation kinetics modeling to obtain the appropriate order. The concentration rate (k) and half life (t1/2) were then calculated based on subsequent order. The results showed that 20% sugar addition enhance the stability of black mulberry anthocyanin extract as compared to that of control (without sugar addition) as indicated by half life increment from 170.826 to 183.733 h. On the other hand, anthocyanin stability decreased to 166.618 and 146.235 h half life with further sugar addition to 40 and 60%, respectively. Therefore, 20% sugar addition to black mulberry extract could improve its anthocyanin stability
PERILAKU ISOTERM SORPSI AIR DAN DAN PERUBAHAN FISIK KERUPUK TAPIOKA PADA SUHU PENYIMPANAN YANG BERBEDA
No full textThe qualities of tapioca crackers after frying, such as degree of expansion and crispness are influenced by their moisture content before frying. This research aimed to study the moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) behavior of crackers at different storage temperatures and their physical properties before and after frying. Pre-fried crackers were stored at water activities (aw) of 0.07-0.89 and 20, 30, and 40°C and their MSI pattern as well as bound water were determined, while their physical changes were observed. The fittest MSI model was Guggenheim, Anderson and de Boer (GAB). The primary bound water at 20, 30 and 40°C were 0.043, 0.040, dan 0.037 g H2O/g solid, while the secondary bound water were 0.096, 0.102, and 0.113 g H2O/g solid, respectively. The density and texture profile of the pre-fried crackers changed rapidly above their secondary bound water. Rapid reduction in the degree of expansion and crispness occurred at tertiary bound water. The aw of pre-fried crackers with high degree of expansion were at 0.33-0.53, 0.42-0.57, and 0.53-0.63 when stored at 20, 30, and 40°C, respectively. At the same storage conditions their maximum degree of expansion occurred at aw of 0.44, 0.47, and 0.52, respectively. Similarly, high crispiness occurred at aw of 0.33-0.57, 0.42-0.57, and 0.40-0.63, respectively, while maximum cripsness was at aw of 0.44, 0.44, and 0.54, respectively